Orientador: Dayse Iara dos Santos / Banca: Adilson Jesus Aparecido de Oliveira / Banca: Paulo Noronha Lisboa Filho / Resumo: O intermetálico diboreto de magnésio passou a ser um material intensamente estudado a partir de 2001, quando nele encontrou-se a propriedade de supercondição de corrente elétrica. Embora sua transição seja em temperatura relativamente baixa, próximo de 40 K, é grande o interesse comercial neste material devido à provável simplicidade da cinética de reação e à maneira direta e barata de processamento. Partindo de pós precursores ultrafinos de boa qualidade a formação da fase Mg'B IND. 2' parece ocorrer em apenas alguns minutos em temperatura relativamente baixa (650ºC). Sob este ponto de vista, este material é considerado bastante atrativo comercialmente, quando comparado aos supercondutores cerâmicos cujo processamento é muito mais complexo. Entretanto, suas propriedades supercondutoras, assim como nas cerâmicas, dependem da sua microestrutura e, portanto da cinética de formação da fase supercondutora. Além disso, com o objetivo de ampliar a densidade de corrente elétrica sob campos magnéticos cada vez mais altos, tem-se utilizado artifícios tais como a adição de diversos compostos geradores de centros de aprisionamento de fluxo magnético. Entre eles figuram o SiC e o silicone, formados por elementos que podem substituir um dos átomos do composto supercondutor, ou que apenas geram defeitos intersticiais. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a influência das adições de alguns compostos de carbono na formação da fase Mg'B IND. 2', assim como a determinação de alguns aspectos das microestruturas obtidas. Estudou-se também as mudanças na cinética de formação da fase devido à diferente granulação do precursor de magnésio. Os dados obtidos por DRX, ATD/TG, BET e técnicas de medidas magnéticas indicaram que um novo composto testado (gasolina azul) poderá apresentar características vantajosas com relação a outras adições mais conhecidas. / Abstract: The intermetallic magnesium diboride has become the object of many studies since was found to be a superconducting material, at 2001. Although it shows relatively low critical temperature, it presents very interesting points, like the simplicity of the formation of a binary compound and non expensive precursors powders. Starting from ultrafine quality precursor powders the formation of Mg'B IND. 2' phase seems to occur in a few minutes at low temperature (650ºC), what is considered commercially quite attractive when compared to complicated ceramic superconductors. Nevertheless, its superconducting properties, as well as the ceramics, depend on its microsstructure and, consequently on the kinetics of formation of the superconducting phase. Besides that, with the aim of enlarging the critical current density under higher magnetic fields, the addition of several compounds has been used in order to generate pinning centers. Silicon carbide and silicon oil are cited among the most used additions, which act like substitutional or interstitial impurities and defects generators. In this work, the influence of the addition of a few carbon compounds on the Mg'B IND. 2' phase formation was investigated, as well as the determination of a few structural parameters of the obtained materials. It was also studied the changes in the phase formation kinetics due to different magnesium precursor granulation. The XRD, DTA/TGA and magnetic measurements results indicated that the addition of a new compound (petrol) may present advantages to the additions already found in literature. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_alt_me_bauru.pdf: 1916841 bytes, checksum: 67b11ea574b0bd9ed867651085e40896 (MD5) / O intermetálico diboreto de magnésio passou a ser um material intensamente estudado a partir de 2001, quando nele encontrou-se a propriedade de supercondição de corrente elétrica. Embora sua transição seja em temperatura relativamente baixa, próximo de 40 K, é grande o interesse comercial neste material devido à provável simplicidade da cinética de reação e à maneira direta e barata de processamento. Partindo de pós precursores ultrafinos de boa qualidade a formação da fase Mg'B IND. 2' parece ocorrer em apenas alguns minutos em temperatura relativamente baixa (650ºC). Sob este ponto de vista, este material é considerado bastante atrativo comercialmente, quando comparado aos supercondutores cerâmicos cujo processamento é muito mais complexo. Entretanto, suas propriedades supercondutoras, assim como nas cerâmicas, dependem da sua microestrutura e, portanto da cinética de formação da fase supercondutora. Além disso, com o objetivo de ampliar a densidade de corrente elétrica sob campos magnéticos cada vez mais altos, tem-se utilizado artifícios tais como a adição de diversos compostos geradores de centros de aprisionamento de fluxo magnético. Entre eles figuram o SiC e o silicone, formados por elementos que podem substituir um dos átomos do composto supercondutor, ou que apenas geram defeitos intersticiais. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a influência das adições de alguns compostos de carbono na formação da fase Mg'B IND. 2', assim como a determinação de alguns aspectos das microestruturas obtidas. Estudou-se também as mudanças na cinética de formação da fase devido à diferente granulação do precursor de magnésio. Os dados obtidos por DRX, ATD/TG, BET e técnicas de medidas magnéticas indicaram que um novo composto testado (gasolina azul) poderá apresentar características vantajosas com relação a outras adições mais conhecidas. / The intermetallic magnesium diboride has become the object of many studies since was found to be a superconducting material, at 2001. Although it shows relatively low critical temperature, it presents very interesting points, like the simplicity of the formation of a binary compound and non expensive precursors powders. Starting from ultrafine quality precursor powders the formation of Mg'B IND. 2' phase seems to occur in a few minutes at low temperature (650ºC), what is considered commercially quite attractive when compared to complicated ceramic superconductors. Nevertheless, its superconducting properties, as well as the ceramics, depend on its microsstructure and, consequently on the kinetics of formation of the superconducting phase. Besides that, with the aim of enlarging the critical current density under higher magnetic fields, the addition of several compounds has been used in order to generate pinning centers. Silicon carbide and silicon oil are cited among the most used additions, which act like substitutional or interstitial impurities and defects generators. In this work, the influence of the addition of a few carbon compounds on the Mg'B IND. 2' phase formation was investigated, as well as the determination of a few structural parameters of the obtained materials. It was also studied the changes in the phase formation kinetics due to different magnesium precursor granulation. The XRD, DTA/TGA and magnetic measurements results indicated that the addition of a new compound (petrol) may present advantages to the additions already found in literature.

Present demagnetization methods for large power system transformers are time consuming and can be dangerous to persons performing demagnetization. The work of this thesis was to develop improved demagnetization methods and to construct an automated instrument that would implement the methods developed. One previously developed method was analyzed for effectiveness. Then, two new methods for demagnetization were developed and also analyzed for effectiveness. An automated test instrument prototype was redesigned to be able to accommodate these methods and to improve the safety of the user. The previously developed method attempts demagnetization based on current flow behavior characteristics. The first new method is a magnetic flux estimation based on saturation time. The second new method is also based on measuring saturation time, modified to account for the variable voltage loss due to wire resistance. The second of the two new methods developed proved to be the most effective for demagnetization and was able to demagnetize a transformer within an error margin of 2%. The instrument designed to perform the demagnetization with this new routine is now in early production stages for an expanded field trial with transformer maintenance teams.

The magnetic cleanliness of a spacecraft during magnetic measurements is an important aspect in the design of many space science missions. The adequate reduction or removal of the spacecraft's magnetic disturbance plays a vital role in allowing the ambient magnetic field to be measured with the required accuracy. There are three main approaches to reduce the impact of the spacecraft's magnetic disturbance on the final magnetic measurement, with each approach imposing its own set of changes and constraints on the spacecraft. In turn these changes and constraints introduce additional complexity and cost to the system design. The required changes in the spacecraft's mission profile and configuration also need to be factored in during the design phase of a spacecraft, but cannot be avoided if high quality measurements are desired.  One of these approaches is the use of a magnetic cleanliness programme, and such programmes have a long history of successful use on large satellite missions.CubeSats have become increasingly technically capable and have in recent years begun to undertake scientific missions with challenging sensitivity requirements, including for magnetic measurements. The small size of the CubeSat form factor poses some unique challenges to the implementation of magnetic cleanliness techniques, but are also in increased need of limiting the residual magnetic moment when compared to large satellites. This thesis details the early phases of the magnetic cleanliness programme on the FORESAIL-2 science mission. Nine magnetic cleanliness requirements on the FORESAIL-2 satellite platform were derived from the FORESAIL-2 measurement and instrument requirements. A simple magnetic model was established, the results of which were used to propose a configuration of spacecraft subsystems. The resulting preliminary configuration of subsystems reduced the effective magnetic field of the REPE payload at the sensor by 352pT, 30.1%, when compared to the worst-performing configuration. Subsequently an improved model, utilising RSS analysis, was created. Combined with updated location information for each subsystem, defined using the proposed configuration, this second model yielded an estimated magnetic field of 2710pT at the reference point. The results of the second model were also used to identify the CDE payload and the TT&C subsystem as potentially problematic from a magnetic cleanliness perspective. A list of ferromagnetic materials was compiled, and a total mass of 453.72g of ferromagnetic materials was estimated. The work presented in this thesis is expected to form the basis of FORESAIL-2's continued magnetic cleanliness programme throughout the design and integration phases of the project.  For example, the improved model could be extended to include the estimated magnetic dipole moment's of each subsystem. Additionally, the inventories of materials, currents, and frequencies established as part of this thesis can be maintained throughout the FORESAIL-2's development cycle, and used to update the estimated total magnetic field of the spacecraft platform.

This is a study where new and old geophysical data together with information found in literature has been integrated to get a better understanding of the geological evolution of Svalbard. The purpose of the study is to acquire and integrate different geophysical data over the Central Spitsbergen Basin (CSB) and across the Billefjorden Fault Zone (BFZ). The integrated data has then been interpreted to identify locations of basins and structural heights. The main goals with this project have been to plan and conduct a field study to acquire magnetic- and gravity data over the study area to constrain basins and major fault zones. Furthermore, the goal was to integrate gravity- and magnetic data together with seismic interpretations and well data, discussing implications of geophysical data and lastly to add new data to the geodata platform Svalbox.  During 10 field days 7 gravity profiles were measured over the CSB and over parts of the BFZ, magnetic data was also collected along most of the profiles. Among these 7 profiles two key profiles were analysed more in detail. Further on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data was collected over a glacier to obtain the glacier thickness. The report also includes a small case study analysing the Botneheia Dolerite dyke by measuring the magnetic susceptibility across the dyke. The borehole data was mostly used for the seismic interpretations, since they only penetrate about 2000 m, they do not provide any information about the deeper subsurface. The seismic interpretations varied some depending on who interpreted it so to make an even more qualified analyse, the gravity and magnetic data are suitable complements.  The gravity anomalies proceeded in this report vary in a similar way in comparison to older gravity data provided in the same area. Both Billefjorden Fault Zone (BFZ) and Lomfjorden Fault zone (LFZ) can be identified in the gravity data acquired from the field study. After integrating seismic interpretations and gravity data, the depth from the surface to the basement in CSB is assumed to decrease in a west-east direction. In this report the basement is defined as pre-Devonian rocks. In the eastern part of profile 5, east of Reindalspasset the gravity anomalies are steadily increasing while a seismic interpretation shows a dip of the basement, which could indicate the existence of another layer on top of the basement with a high density. To sum up, integration of several geophysical methods is a good method to identify fault zones and depth to the basement. It is important to interpret all data individually and combined to be able to identify what is causing the anomalies.  Suggestions for further studies is forward modelling and to correct the ortho height measured by the DGPS on top of the glacier of profile 3 by using the collected GPR data. The geophysical data provided in this report can be used for further investigation about CO2 sequestration and geothermal energy. / Denna studie syftar till att bidra till ökad förståelse av geologin på Svalbard genom att integrera nya och gamla geofysiska data tillsammans med information från litteratur. Detta har gjorts genom att samla in och integrera olika geofysiska data över Centrala Spitsbergen (CSB) och Billefjorden sprickzon (BFZ). Den integrerade datan har sedan analyserats för att få ökad förståelse av geologins lagerföljder och lagrens variation. Huvudmålen med detta projekt har varit att planera och utföra en fältstudie för att samla in magnetisk- och gravitationsdata för att identifiera lagerföljder, strukturer och sprickzoner, att integrera den insamlade magnetiska data och gravitationsdata tillsammans med seismiska tolkningar och borrhålsdata. Ytterligare huvudmål är att diskutera innebörden av geofysiska data samt att addera all nya data till geodata-plattformen Svalbox.  Datainsamlingen ute i fält pågick under 10 dagar och resulterade i 7 profiler med gravitationsdata över CSB och delar av BFZ. Av dessa 7 profiler valdes 2 ut som nyckelprofiler för djupare analys. I ett område användes Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) för att mäta tjockleken av glaciären. Rapporten inkluderar även en mindre fallstudie för att undersöka en vertikal diabasgång och dess lutning genom att mäta magnetiska susceptibiliteten över området. Borrhålsdata användes framför allt till att göra de seismiska tolkningarna, eftersom de endast penetrerar ett par tusen meter ger de ingen information om hur berggrunden ser ut längre ner. De seismiska tolkningarna varierar något beroende av vem som gjort tolkningarna så för att göra ännu säkrare tolkningar är gravitationsdata tillsammans med magnetisk data ett bra komplement.  Resultatet av den färdigkorrigerade gravitationsdata visar liknande spatiala variationer som tidigare data i samma område. Både BFZ och Lomfjorden sprickzon (LFZ) kan identifieras i gravitationsdata som samlades in under fältarbetet. Efter att ha integrerat seismiska tolkningar med gravitationsdata kan djupet till urberget i CSB antas minska i en väst-östlig riktning. I den här rapporten är urberget definierat som bergarter äldre än Devon. I den östra delen av profil 5, öster om Reindalspasset visas gravitationsdata som ständigt ökande medan seismiska tolkningar ett ökande avstånd till urberget, detta skulle kunna indikera att det finns ett ytterligare lager med en hög densitet. Sammanfattningsvis är integration av flera olika geofysiska metoder en bra metod för att identifiera sprickzoner och djupet till berggrunden. Det är viktigt att tolka all data både individuellt och tillsammans för att se vad som orsakar anomalierna.  Förslag till fortsatta studier skulle vara att göra prediktionsmodeller baserat på data som har presenterats i rapporten för att estimera lagerföljder och sprickzoner. Ytterligare förslag på fortsatt studie är att korrigera topografi-data tillhörande profil 3 med hjälp av glaciärtjockleken från GPR-data. All geofysisk data i denna rapport kan användas för framtida undersökningar om koldioxidlagring och geotermisk energi.

At the European Institute for Nuclear Research, CERN, a new electron cooler is being commissioned for the Antiproton Decelerator experiment. In this experiment protons are shot into a block of metal, which creates anti protons. These anti protons will thereafter be focused into a particle beam, a process done in several steps. One of these steps is with an electron cooler. This cooler shoots electrons into the ion-beam path. These electrons then collide with the beam particles, and momentum is transferred from the beam particles to the electrons. The electrons are then steered away from the beam path, into an electron collector. In the beam path drift of the cooler, where the anti protons and electrons meet, a normal conducting solenoid magnet is used to orient the electron path. This magnet comes with strict requirements on field quality, such that the transversal magnetic field must be less than 10 ppm of the lateral field. In this thesis a metrological characterization of a prototype measurement system for solenoidal magnets is presented. Instead of winding measurement coils with wire, they are instead printed on a circuit board over ten layers. Of particular interest was the magnet alignment with respect to the beam aperture, so that the magnetic solenoid axis is in line with the aperture central axis. For this purpose, a mathematical model for solenoidal magnetic fields has been constructed. This model can be used to quantify the sensitivity of the measurement system for an unaligned magnet. Furthermore, some test measurements are presented, along with some simulation campaigns to further characterize the problem. A specific method where the magnetic field peaks are used to measure the alignment is evaluated. / På den Europeiska organisationen för Kärnforskning pågår just nu ett uppgraderingsarbete för AD-experimentet, (fullständigt namn på engelska: Antiproton Decelerator). I detta experiment skjuts protoner in i ett block med metall, vilket skapar antiprotoner. Dessa antiprotoner ska sedan fokuseras till en partikelstråle, vilket görs i en rad olika steg, däribland med vad som kallas för en elektronkylare. Elektronkylaren skjuter in elektroner i partikelstrålens väg, vilka kolliderar med antiprotonerna och på detta sätt reducerar temperaturen i partikelstrålen genom att överföra momentum till elektronerna. Elektronerna leds sedan bort ur strålens väg, in i en elektronsamlare.I strålaperturen, där elektronerna och antiprotonerna möts, används en normalledande solenoidmagnet för att styra elektronerna. Dennasolenoidmagnet kommer med strikta krav på den magnetiska fältprofilen,varför känslig mätutrustning krävs. Det magnetiska fältet måste vara av solenoid karaktär, så att det transversella fältet är mindre än 10 ppm av det longitudinella. I denna rapport presenteras en metrologisk karaktärisering av en ny prototyp på mätsystem för solenoidmagneter. Istället för att linda spolar som en mäter fältkvalitén med, så har dessa istället tryckts på ett kretskort över tio lager. Av speciellt intresse var att mäta magnetens justering, så att solenoidaxeln ligger i linje med strålaperturen. För detta ändamål så har en matematisk modell för solenoida magnetfält konstruerats. Denna modell kan användas för att kvantifiera känsligheten hos mätsystemet för en ojusterad solenoidmagnet. Vidare så presenteras testmätningar med systemet, samt en rad simulationer för att vidare karaktärisera problemet. En specifik mätmetodik där magnetfältstopparna används för att undersöka magnetens justering utvärderas.

A determinação das principais propriedades magnéticas de um ímã permanente geralmente requer sistemas de medição sofisticados e custosos. Este trabalho analisa e propõe um sistema de caracterização de ímãs permanentes de Terras Raras à temperatura ambiente de baixo custo e de implementação mais simples e rápida. Ele consiste de um circuito magnético formado pelo ímã permanente sob caracterização, uma culatra de aço, um entreferro variável e uma sonda de efeito Hall com seu respectivo gaussímetro para a medição da intensidade do campo magnético no entreferro. Como introdução se apresenta o estado da arte da caracterização dos ímãs permanentes, conceitos básicos de magnetismo e em relação aos ímãs permanentes, sua história, os principais tipos, sua importância e suas aplicações principais. Os resultados teóricos e experimentais são comparados a resultados certificados, validando o método como proposto. / Determining the main magnetic properties of a permanent magnet usually requires sophisticated and expensive measurement setups. This work analyses and proposes a low-cost system to characterize Rare Earth permanent magnets at ambient temperature with easy and fast implementation. It consists of a magnetic circuit with the permanent magnet under test, appropriate pole pieces, a variable air gap and a Hall Effect probe with its respective Gaussmeter. As an introduction, it is presented the state of the art of permanent magnets characterization, basic concepts of magnetism and its history, the main types of permanent magnets, their importance and applications. The theoretical and experimental results are compared to certified ones, validating so the method as proposed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:46:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cm_dr_bauru.pdf: 6826027 bytes, checksum: 1ad686f4be17bb277f0631a83afd94f0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesse trabalho foi realizado o processo de síntese, e a caracterização estrutural e magnética de compostos HoMn1-x(Ni, Co)xO3 de estrutura perovskita. As sínteses das amostras foram realizadas por meio do método dos precursores poliméricos modificado. Após a síntese e a remoção do solvente, a resina polimérica formada foi tratada em 350ºC/4h para a remoção dos constituintes orgânicos, seguida de tratamentos térmicos em 500ºC/4h e 900ºC/20h para obtenção da fase cristalina. Para a caracterização estrutural foi utilizada a linha D10B-XPD do Laboratório Naiconal de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), onde comprimentos de onda de raios X abaixo da borda de absorção do cobalto, do maganês e do níquel, foram utilizados. A formação das fases HoNi0.50Mn0.50O3, HoCo0.50O3 e HoNi0.25Co0.25Mn0.50O3, foram observadas pelas técnica da difração de raios X. Com o método de refinamento Reitveld para a amostra HoNi0.25Co0.25Mn0.50O3, foi determinado que o cobalto e o níquel apresentaram ocupações similares, no topo e na base da cela unitária, enquanto que o manganês ocupou preferencialmente o plano 002. A resposta magnética das amostras foi estudada através de curvas de magnetização em função da temperatura, e do campo magnético aplicado. As curvas ZFC demonstraram uma resposta paramagnética associada ao momento magnético do hólmio, além da coexistência de ferromagnetismo, antiferromagnetismos e ferrimagnetismo, devido às sub-redes formadas pelos metais de transição. As curvas FC evidenciaram o fenômeno da inversão de spin, associado à interação entre as sub-redes formadas pelos metais de transição com a sub-rede formada pela terra-rara, considerando um mecanismo de interação de troca antiferromagnética / In this work was accomplished the syntheis process and structural and magnetic characterization of HoMn1-x(NiCo)xO3 compounds of pervskites structure. The sample synthesis were performed through modified polymeric precursos method. After synthesis and solvent removal, the polymer resin formed was treated at 350ºC/4h for organic constituents removal, followed by heating treatment at 500ºC/4h and 900ºC/20h to obtain the crystalline phase. For structural characterization, it was used D10B-XPD beam line of Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), where X-rays wavelengths below cobalt, manganeses and nickel absorption edge, were used. The formation of HoNi0.50Mn0.50O3, HoCo0.50O3 e HoNi0.25Co0.25Mn0.50O3 phases were observed by X-ray diffraction technique. By Rietveld refinement method for sample HoNi0.25Co0.25Mn0.50O3, it was determined that cobalt and nickel had similar occupations at the top and bottom of unit cell, while the manganeses preferentially occupied plan 002. The magnetic response of samples was studied through magnetization curves according to the temperature function and the applied magnetic field. The ZFC curves showed a paramagnetic response associated to holmium magnetic moment, and ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism coexistence, due to sublattices formed by transition metals. The FC curves evidenced the spin reversal phenomenon, associated to the interaction between the sublattice formed bu transition metals with sublattices formed by rare-earth, considering a mechanism of antiferromagnetic exchange interaction

A determinação das principais propriedades magnéticas de um ímã permanente geralmente requer sistemas de medição sofisticados e custosos. Este trabalho analisa e propõe um sistema de caracterização de ímãs permanentes de Terras Raras à temperatura ambiente de baixo custo e de implementação mais simples e rápida. Ele consiste de um circuito magnético formado pelo ímã permanente sob caracterização, uma culatra de aço, um entreferro variável e uma sonda de efeito Hall com seu respectivo gaussímetro para a medição da intensidade do campo magnético no entreferro. Como introdução se apresenta o estado da arte da caracterização dos ímãs permanentes, conceitos básicos de magnetismo e em relação aos ímãs permanentes, sua história, os principais tipos, sua importância e suas aplicações principais. Os resultados teóricos e experimentais são comparados a resultados certificados, validando o método como proposto. / Determining the main magnetic properties of a permanent magnet usually requires sophisticated and expensive measurement setups. This work analyses and proposes a low-cost system to characterize Rare Earth permanent magnets at ambient temperature with easy and fast implementation. It consists of a magnetic circuit with the permanent magnet under test, appropriate pole pieces, a variable air gap and a Hall Effect probe with its respective Gaussmeter. As an introduction, it is presented the state of the art of permanent magnets characterization, basic concepts of magnetism and its history, the main types of permanent magnets, their importance and applications. The theoretical and experimental results are compared to certified ones, validating so the method as proposed.

A determinação das principais propriedades magnéticas de um ímã permanente geralmente requer sistemas de medição sofisticados e custosos. Este trabalho analisa e propõe um sistema de caracterização de ímãs permanentes de Terras Raras à temperatura ambiente de baixo custo e de implementação mais simples e rápida. Ele consiste de um circuito magnético formado pelo ímã permanente sob caracterização, uma culatra de aço, um entreferro variável e uma sonda de efeito Hall com seu respectivo gaussímetro para a medição da intensidade do campo magnético no entreferro. Como introdução se apresenta o estado da arte da caracterização dos ímãs permanentes, conceitos básicos de magnetismo e em relação aos ímãs permanentes, sua história, os principais tipos, sua importância e suas aplicações principais. Os resultados teóricos e experimentais são comparados a resultados certificados, validando o método como proposto. / Determining the main magnetic properties of a permanent magnet usually requires sophisticated and expensive measurement setups. This work analyses and proposes a low-cost system to characterize Rare Earth permanent magnets at ambient temperature with easy and fast implementation. It consists of a magnetic circuit with the permanent magnet under test, appropriate pole pieces, a variable air gap and a Hall Effect probe with its respective Gaussmeter. As an introduction, it is presented the state of the art of permanent magnets characterization, basic concepts of magnetism and its history, the main types of permanent magnets, their importance and applications. The theoretical and experimental results are compared to certified ones, validating so the method as proposed.