No description available.

The relationship of current manual preference (phenotypic handedness) and family history of handedness (genotypic handedness) to memory for imageable stimuli was studied. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that genotypic handedness was related to lessened cerebral lateralization of Paivio's (1969) dual memory systems. The structure of memory was not at issue, but the mediation of storage and retrieval in memory has been explained with reference to verbal or imaginal processes. Verbal mediation theories and supporting data were reviewed along with imaginal theories and supporting data for these latter theories. Paivio's (1969) dual coding and processing theory was considered a conceptual bridge between the competing positions.

Distributed teams continue to emerge in response to the complex organizational environments brought about by globalization, technological advancements, and the shift toward a knowledge-based economy. These teams are comprised of members who hold the disparate knowledge necessary to take on cognitively demanding tasks. However, knowledge coordination between team members who are not co-located is a significant challenge, often resulting in process loss and decrements to the effectiveness of team level knowledge structures. The current effort explores the configuration dimension of distributed teams, and specifically how subgroup formation based on geographic location, may impact the effectiveness of a team's transactive memory system and subsequent team process. In addition, the role of task cohesion as a buffer to negative intergroup interaction is explored.

Emergent systems in high-performance computing (HPC) expect maximal efficiency to achieve the goal of power budget under 20-40 megawatts for 1 exaflop set by the Department of Energy. To optimize efficiency, emergent systems provide multiple power-performance control techniques to throttle different system components and scale of concurrency. In this dissertation, we focus on three throttling techniques: CPU dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), dynamic memory throttling (DMT), and dynamic concurrency throttling (DCT). We first conduct an empirical analysis of the performance and energy trade-offs of different architectures under the throttling techniques. We show the impact on performance and energy consumption on Intel x86 systems with accelerators of Intel Xeon Phi and a Nvidia general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU). We show the trade-offs and potentials for improving efficiency. Furthermore, we propose a parallel performance model for coordinating DVFS, DMT, and DCT simultaneously. We present a multivariate linear regression-based approach to approximate the impact of DVFS, DMT, and DCT on performance for performance prediction. Validation using 19 HPC applications/kernels on two architectures (i.e., Intel x86 and IBM BG/Q) shows up to 7% and 17% prediction error correspondingly. Thereafter, we develop the metrics for capturing the performance impact of DVFS, DMT, and DCT. We apply the artificial neural network model to approximate the nonlinear effects on performance impact and present a runtime control strategy accordingly for power capping. Our validation using 37 HPC applications/kernels shows up to a 20% performance improvement under a given power budget compared with the Intel RAPL-based method. / Ph. D. / System efficiency on high-performance computing (HPC) systems is the key to achieving the goal of power budget for exascale supercomputers. Techniques for adjusting the performance of different system components can help accomplish this goal by dynamically controlling system performance according to application behaviors. In this dissertation, we focus on three techniques: adjusting CPU performance, memory performance, and the number of threads for running parallel applications. First, we profile the performance and energy consumption of different HPC applications on both Intel systems with accelerators and IBM BG/Q systems. We explore the trade-offs of performance and energy under these techniques and provide optimization insights. Furthermore, we propose a parallel performance model that can accurately capture the impact of these techniques on performance in terms of job completion time. We present an approximation approach for performance prediction. The approximation has up to 7% and 17% prediction error on Intel x86 and IBM BG/Q systems respectively under 19 HPC applications. Thereafter, we apply the performance model in a runtime system design for improving performance under a given power budget. Our runtime strategy achieves up to 20% performance improvement to the baseline method.

During team decision-making practices information is often shared among team members as part of the decision making process. Knowledge sharing involves one team member sharing information so that other team members can encode the knowledge to make their own mental representation of the new information (Huan & Jiang, 2012). Unfortunately, the literature has shown that new information is not always shared between team members during decision making processes (Stasser & Titus, 1985). When teams make decisions without considering all the information available poor decisions can result. This research study tests a team conceptual model derived by Turner (2013) addressing attitudes toward knowledge sharing. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test a portion of Turner’s (2013) team conceptual model. The tested model included the independent variables of psychological safety, team conflict, team cohesion, and transactive memory systems. The dependent variable for the dissertation was knowledge sharing.

Shared mental models (SMM) and Transactive memory systems (TMS) have been advocated as the main team learning mechanisms. Despite multiple appeals for collaboration, research in both these fields has progressed in parallel and little effort has been made to integrate these theories. The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between SMM and TMS in a field setting and examine their influence on various team effectiveness outcomes such as team performance, team learning, team creativity, team members' satisfaction and team viability. Contextual factors relevant to an organizational setting were tested and these included team size, tenure, country of origin, team reward and organizational support. Based on responses from 41 teams from 7 industries across two countries (US and India), results indicate that team size, country of origin and team tenure impact team performance and team learning. In addition, team reward and organizational support predicted team viability and satisfaction. Results indicated that TMS components (specialization, coordination and credibility) were better predictors of team outcomes than the omnibus TMS construct. In particular, TMS credibility predicted team performance and creativity while TMS coordination predicted team viability and satisfaction. SMM was measured in two different ways: an average deviation index and a 6-item scale. Both methods resulted in a conceptually similar interpretation although average deviation indices provided slightly better results in predicting effectiveness outcomes. TMS components moderated the relationship between SMM and team outcomes. Team performance was lowest when both SMM and TMS were low. However, contrary to expectations, high levels of SMM did not always result in effective team outcomes (performance, learning and creativity) especially when teams exhibited high TMS specialization and credibility. An interaction pattern was observed under conditions of low levels of SMM such that high TMS resulted in higher levels of team outcomes. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Durant ce doctorat financé par l'observatoire B2V des mémoires, nous avons réalisé une modélisation mathématique du comportement dans trois tâches distinctes (avec des sujets humains, des sujets singes et des rongeurs), mais qui supposent toutes une coordination entre systèmes de mémoire. Dans la première expérience, nous avons reproduit le comportement de sujets humains (choix et temps de réaction) en combinant les modèles mathématiques d'une mémoire de travail et d'une mémoire inflexible. Nous avons associé pour un sujet son comportement au meilleur modèle possible en comparant des modèles génériques de coordination de ces deux mémoires issues de la littérature actuelle ainsi que notre propre proposition d'une interaction dynamique entre les mémoires. Au final, c'est notre proposition d'une interaction au lieu d'une séparation stricte qui s'est avérée la plus efficace dans la majorité des cas pour expliquer le comportement des sujets. Dans une deuxième expérience, les mêmes modèles de coordination ont été testés dans une tâche chez le singe. Considérée comme un test de transférabilité, cette expérience démontre principalement la nécessité de coordination de mémoires pour expliquer le comportement de certains singes. Dans une troisième expérience, nous avons modélisé le comportement d'un groupe de souris confronté à l'apprentissage d'une séquence d'action motrice dans un labyrinthe sans indices externes. En comparant avec deux autres stratégies d'apprentissages (intégration de chemin et planification dans un graphe), la combinaison d'une mémoire épisodique avec une mémoire inflexible s'est révélée être le meilleur modèle pour reproduire le comportement des souris. / During this PhD funded by the B2V Memories Observatory, we performed a mathematical modeling of behavior in three distinct tasks (with human subjects, monkeys and rodents), all involving coordination between memory systems. In the first experiment, we reproduced the behavior of human subjects (choice and reaction time) by combining the mathematical models of working memory and procedural memory. For each subject, we associated their behavior to the best possible model by comparing generic models of coordination of these two memories from the current literature as well as our own proposal of a dynamic interaction between memories. In the end, it was our proposal of an interaction instead of a strict separation which proved most effective in the majority of cases to explain the behavior of the subjects. In a second experiment, the same coordination models were tested in a monkey task. Considered as a transferability test, this experiment mainly demonstrates the need for coordination of memories to explain the behavior of certain monkeys. In a third experiment, we modeled the behavior of a group of mice confronted with the learning of a motor action sequence in a labyrinth without visual cues. Comparing with two other learning strategies (path integration and graph planning), the combination of an episodic memory with a procedural memory proved to be the best model to reproduce the behavior of mice.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 stupiello_ena_dr_sjrp.pdf: 980318 bytes, checksum: 65f85d4d951959755414469d5e56e14d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As transformações experimentadas no mundo considerado globalizado têm gerado o crescimento do montante de informações e a urgência de disseminação das mesmas além fronteiras, promovendo o expressivo aumento da demanda por traduções elaboradas de maneira rápida e segundo padrões de produção específicos. Para atender a essas exigências e manterem-se competitivos, tradutores, cada vez mais, estão lançando mão das ferramentas tecnológicas atualmente disponíveis, em especial, sistemas de memórias de tradução. A aplicação dessas ferramentas requer que o tradutor siga determinadas regras que garantam o desempenho prometido, especialmente pela manipulação de termos e fraseologias utilizados na tradução a fim de garantir seu reaproveitamento em trabalhos futuros. A crescente adoção de ferramentas pelo tradutor contemporâneo suscita uma reflexão de cunho ético sobre a extensão de sua responsabilidade pelo material traduzido. Visando a esse fim, nesta tese, investigam-se os pressupostos teóricos que sustentam os projetos dessas ferramentas tecnológicas de tradução, analisando-se tanto as contribuições que elas têm proporcionado ao tradutor, como algumas das questões que procedem do modo como a profissão é concebida como resultado do uso dos recursos por elas disponibilizados. Para fomentar a análise proposta, foram examinados os recursos pressupostos como dinamizadores do trabalho do tradutor, principalmente pelas funções de segmentação do texto de origem, alinhamento de traduções e pelo processo de correspondência textual disponíveis em três sistemas de memória: o Wordfast, o Trados e o Transit. O estudo dos projetos e dos recursos disponibilizados por essas ferramentas auxiliou a análise sobre o envolvimento do tradutor com a tradução, quando esse profissional integra um processo maior de produção... / Transformations in the globalized world have generated the growth of the amount of information and the urgency of its dissemination beyond borders, promoting a significant increase in the demand for translations performed fast and according to specific production standards. In order to comply with these requirements and remain competitive, translators are more and more embracing the technological tools currently available, mainly, translation memory systems. The application of these tools requires the translator to follow certain rules that guarantee the promised performance, mainly by manipulating terms and phraseologies used in the translation so as to ascertain their reuse in future translations. The growing adoption of tools by the contemporary translator calls for an ethical consideration of the extension of the translator’s responsibility for the translated material. In this thesis, the theoretical assumptions supporting the projects of these translation technological tools are investigated through the analysis of both the contributions they have been providing for the translator and some issues that arise from the way the profession is conceived as a result of the use of the resources made available by these tools. To foment the proposed analysis, resources deemed to make the translator’s work more dynamic have been examined, mainly through the functions of source-text segmentation, translation alignment and textual matching available in three translation memory systems: Wordfast, Trados and Transit. The study of the projects and resources made available by these tools encouraged the analysis of the translator’s involvement with the translation when he/she is part of a larger process of production and distribution of information to audiences located in the most varied places in the world. From this analysis, a survey was carried out of issues... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Peter Sussner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T07:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mesquita_MarcosEduardoRibeirodoValle_M.pdf: 893884 bytes, checksum: 9e4611642968683b375b78c5424ac19d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Memórias associativas neurais são modelos do fenômeno biológico que permite o armazenamento de padrões e a recordação destes apos a apresentação de uma versão ruidosa ou incompleta de um padrão armazenado. Existem vários modelos de memórias associativas neurais na literatura, entretanto, existem poucos trabalhos comparando as varias propostas. Nesta dissertação comparamos sistematicamente o desempenho dos modelos mais influentes de memórias associativas neurais encontrados na literatura. Esta comparação está baseada nos seguintes critérios: capacidade de armazenamento, distribuição da informação nos pesos sinápticos, raio da bacia de atração, memórias espúrias e esforço computacional. Especial ênfase dado para as memórias associativas morfológicas cuja fundamentação matemática encontra-se na morfologia matemática e na álgebra de imagens / Abstract: Associative neural memories are models of biological phenomena that allow for the storage of pattern associations and the retrieval of the desired output pattern upon presentation of a possibly noisy or incomplete version of an input pattern. There are several models of neural associative memories in the literature, however, there are few works relating them. In this thesis, we present a systematic comparison of the performances of some of the most widely known models of neural associative memories. This comparison is based on the following criteria: storage capacity, distribution of the information over the synaptic weights, basin of attraction, number of spurious memories, and computational effort. The thesis places a special emphasis on morphological associative memories whose mathematical foundations lie in mathematical morphology and image algebra / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada

Le but de cette thèse est d'exploiter efficacement le parallélisme présent dans les applications informatiques séquentielles afin de bénéficier des performances fournies par les multiprocesseurs, en utilisant une nouvelle méthodologie pour la parallélisation automatique des tâches au sein des compilateurs. Les caractéristiques clés de notre approche sont la prise en compte des contraintes de ressources et le caractère statique de l'ordonnancement des tâches. Notre méthodologie contient les techniques nécessaires pour la décomposition des applications en tâches et la génération de code parallèle équivalent, en utilisant une approche générique qui vise différents langages et architectures parallèles. Nous implémentons cette méthodologie dans le compilateur source-à-source PIPS. Cette thèse répond principalement à trois questions. Primo, comme l'extraction du parallélisme de tâches des codes séquentiels est un problème d'ordonnancement, nous concevons et implémentons un algorithme d'ordonnancement efficace, que nous nommons BDSC, pour la détection du parallélisme ; le résultat est un SDG ordonnancé, qui est une nouvelle structure de données de graphe de tâches. Secondo, nous proposons une nouvelle extension générique des représentations intermédiaires séquentielles en des représentations intermédiaires parallèles que nous nommons SPIRE, pour la représentation des codes parallèles. Enfin, nous développons, en utilisant BDSC et SPIRE, un générateur de code que nous intégrons dans PIPS. Ce générateur de code cible les systèmes à mémoire partagée et à mémoire distribuée via des codes OpenMP et MPI générés automatiquement. / This thesis intends to show how to efficiently exploit the parallelism present in applications in order to enjoy the performance benefits that multiprocessors can provide, using a new automatic task parallelization methodology for compilers. The key characteristics we focus on are resource constraints and static scheduling. This methodology includes the techniques required to decompose applications into tasks and generate equivalent parallel code, using a generic approach that targets both different parallel languages and architectures. We apply this methodology in the existing tool PIPS, a comprehensive source-to-source compilation platform. This thesis mainly focuses on three issues. First, since extracting task parallelism from sequential codes is a scheduling problem, we design and implement an efficient, automatic scheduling algorithm called BDSC for parallelism detection; the result is a scheduled SDG, a new task graph data structure. In a second step, we design a new generic parallel intermediate representation extension called SPIRE, in which parallelized code may be expressed. Finally, we wrap up our goal of automatic parallelization in a new BDSC- and SPIRE-based parallel code generator, which is integrated within the PIPS compiler framework. It targets both shared and distributed memory systems using automatically generated OpenMP and MPI code.