This thesis deals with the specifics of the lifelong education of persons with mental disabilities. The work consists of theoretical and practical parts. Thesis is mainly based on professional literature, laws and regulations Czech Republic and Internet resources. The first chapter deals with the explaning of the concept of mental retardation, its classification, etiology, and psychological traits of these people. The second chapter describes the system of education people with mental disability in the Czech Republic and activities of special education centers and of early care centers. The next chapter is devoted to lifelong learning, Chapter describes general lifelong learning and lifelong learning of people with mental disability, brief history of lifelong education of persons with mental disabilities in the Czech Republic and didactic principles of education for this group and example of this education are also describe in this chapter. Fourth part deals with empirical research. Research is about learning opportunities of adults with mental disabilities in the regional capital Liberec.

The diploma thesis is addressed to a developing of sensory perception of children educated as pupils with severe mental retardation and pupils with multiple disabilities. The thesis suggests their educational opportunities in the topic of "Man and their society". The thesis follows up all the senses and their developing, as well as it provides methodical support and suggests the ways of rendition and implementation into the educational reality. The research evaluates the improvement of sensory perception of four pupils during a two-year-long period. It proves a point that the systematical and long-term working with the pupils with severe mental retardation and pupils with multiple disabilities results in progress.

Pas de résumé / The thesis investigated the development of children’s global/local processing hierarchical patterns introduced by Navon (1977). The objectives were to understand more comprehensively the developmental characteristics of children’s perception through their global and local processing of hierarchical patterns, by considering the effects of age, stimuli properties, duration of exposure to the stimuli and gender in a perceptual task and a drawing task. These effects were tested in 3 different populations: typically developing children, children with mental retardation and early blind children. The results revealed that typically developing children attended to both the local and global level of processing but these modes of spatial information processing operated independently. In a first step, children before 4 years of age showed dominance of local processing and then a more global processing developed at 4 years of age, and at 5 years of age integrated responses began to emerge. Early blind children showed similar developmental characteristics, although there was a protracted period of local processing dominance. Indeed, these children mainly produced local responses at ages of between 6 and 10 years, and then developed more global responses at 11-12 years and continued to integrate the two levels of analysis at later ages. On the other hand, global dominance was shown in children with mental retardation and their development was affected more by mental age than by chronological age. Moreover, their responses were shown to be sensitive to the fact that meaningful object could be located at the local level, enhancing local processing in this case. These results need further confirmations as the studies of global/local processing in atypical children are not numerous. In particular, the effect of duration of exposure to the stimuli should be further analyzed, because this factor did not seem to have a great effect in our experiments while it seemed more powerful in other studies carried out with adults. Replication of the study with children with mental retardation appears also important to plan for future work, because we can have some doubt relatively the absence of modification through ages of the way these children perceive hierarchical patterns. Finally, defining more precisely what may underlie the gender differences seems also worth to explore since gender did not show a major effect in our results.

A inserção da atenção à saúde da pessoa portadora de deficiência no sistema de saúde é o objeto da presente dissertação, tomando-se como universo de estudo seu desenvolvimento no Município de São Paulo. Considera-se que o desenvolvimento dos serviços de atenção a essa população depende do delineamento das políticas sociais, que refletem diferentes concepções de cidadania. O tema é estudado por meio da discussão das políticas sociais e suas repercussões e da análise dos depoimentos de profissionais envolvidos com a proposição e execução do atendimento à pessoa portadora de deficiência, nos serviços públicos, filantrópicos e beneficentes. Pode-se verificar que o problema da incapacidade e da deficiência tem relevância no âmbito da saúde pública. E, ainda, que a assistência a essa população se insere marginalmente no sistema de saúde, depende do modelo assistencial proposto e do estágio de implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde que permitem revelar, no âmbito do setor saúde, a cidadania possível das pessoas portadoras de deficiência / Bringing the problems of the health assistance to the handicapped people to the attention of the Public Health Services is the object of the present work. Its universe of study is the development of the above mentioned problem in the S. P. municipality. We consider that the development of specific services of heath assistance to the handicapped people depends on the delineation of social policies, wich, by their turn, reflect different conceptions of citizenship. This subject is studied through the discussion of different social policies and their repercussions, as well as through the analysis of reports made by profissionals involved with the planning and performing of the assistance to the disabled people within beneficent, philanthropic and public services. We may observe that both the problems of disability and handicap are relevant to the Public Health Services. We may also see that the assistance to these people inserts itself marginally into the Public Health Services, and depends on the proposed assistance model and on the level of implantation of the new Health System, wich allow us to unveil, within the public heath secton wich citizenship is possible to the disabled people

Este estudo de cunho empírico e qualitativo, parte do princípio que, apesar da legislação existente em relação à inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência mental, ainda ocorre a exclusão dos mesmos nas relações cotidianas que se estabelecem na escola. O objetivo destge trabalho é compreender como a atividade proposta pela terapia ocupacional pode interferir e modificar as relações estabelecidas em relação aos alunos com deficiência mental no ambiente escolar. Através do relato de uma experiência de intervenção realizada por estagiários de terapia ocupacional no horário do recreio de uma escola estadual de ensino fundamental da cidade de São Paulo, procuro verificar como a atividade proposta, a atividade lúdica, provoca possibilidades de encontro entre os alunos da classe especial e os outros alunos, propondo mudanças no processo de inserção escolar dos alunos com deficiência mental. Usando a teoria winnicottiana, proponho um determinado olhar para o ambiente escolar e a atividade como fazer criativo do individuo.A análise qualitativa da intervenção realizada vem apontar as dificuldades que o ambiente escolar apresenta ao estabelecer relações cotidianas de qualidade com o aluno com deficiência mental. Permeada por preconceitos e desconhecimento, as relações que se desenrolam no ambiente escolar reforçam, para o aluno com deficiência mental, o papel cristalizado no insucesso e no fracasso escolar, impossibilitando-o de re-significar sua ação como individuo criativo e saudável, perpetuando um padrão de relacionamento que impede o processo de uma real inclusão escolar. / This study which is of empirical and qualitative connotation starts on the principle that, besides the existing legislation regarding school inclusion of the mental handicapped students, their exclusion from day-to-day relations still occurs. The objective of this work is to comprehend how the activity proposed by Occupational Therapy can interfere and modify the established relations regarding the mental handicapped student in the school environment. Through the report of Occupational Therapy Trainees on an intervention experiment during break time in an elementary public school in São Paulo city, I look forward to verifying how the proposed activity, the ludic one, provokes gathering possibilities between the special class students and the others, proposing changes in the school inclusion process of the mental handicapped students. Using Winnicott's theory I propose a determined look at the school environment and at the activity as how to make creative individual. The qualitative analysis of the intervention made points out to the difficulties which the school environment shows as when it establishes day-to-day relations of quality with the mental handicapped student. Covered up by prejudism and lack of information, the relations developed in the school environment reinforce the unsuccessful and school failure cristalized role to the mental handicapped student unabling him (her) to remean his (her) action as a creative and healthy individual, perpetuating a relation pattern that blocks up the process of a real school inclusion.

Foi realizado o estudo prospectivo de uma amostra da população portadora de Síndrome de Down que procurou o Departamento de Genética do Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas,no período de 1959 a 1996. Dos 2816 portadores de Síndrome de Down que compareceram a este Serviço, neste período , a amostra estudada consistiu de 518 pacientes que mantiveram períodos de retomo ambulatorial conforme previsto pelo Protocolo de segmento clínico adotado. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a incidência de colecistopatia litiásica em pacientes portadores de Síndrome de Down . Para desenvolver este estudo, após o diagnóstico citogenético e clínico da Síndrome de Down, procurou-se correlacionar faixa etária dos genitores, uso de anticoncepcionais e principalmente promover a utilização de exames subsidiários específicos que permitiram melhores condições diagnósticas e definição de mecanismos fisiopatológicos eventuais relacionados à colilitiase. Verificou-se a presença de cálculos de vesícula biliar em 27 pacientes ( 3,28%) comparando-se à incidência descrita na população como um todo (0,07%). Estes dados caracterizam a prevalência de cálculos de vesícula biliar em portadores de Síndrome de Down ( a distribuição das probabilidades da frequência de cálculo de vesícula biliar em Sindrome de Down está dentro do intervalo de 95%, entre 3,6% e 7,7%). As correlações realizadas vieram a excluir,na amostra estudada, algumas etiologias comumente descritas para colelitíase e provavelmente vincula o fenômeno da colelitíase a mecanismos fisioembriopatológicos ligados à hipotonia e estase do conteúdo da vesícula biliar( e/ou redução na velocidade do seu esvaziamento). Em consequência torna-se importante propor uma investigação rotineira para esta patologia, com ênfase nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos, prováveis responsáveis pela incidência aumentada na população com Síndrome de Down. / The purpose of this study has been the prospective analysis of the Down syndrome population received by the Genetic Department of \"Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas\", in the period from 1959 to 1996. The Department has received 2816 Down Syndrome patients\' in this period, and this study has selected 518 patients, clinical and cytogenetically diagnosed, which were studied following the specific clinical protocol, in periodical evaluations. The incidence of cholelithiasis was verified and it has been analysed the possible relationships among this disease and parentaI age, contraceptive use and clinical features leading to the discussion of eventual aetiologic mechanisms causing gallstones. It was verified 27 patients affected by Down Syndrome and presenting cholelithiasis in the survey of 518 patients ( 3.28 %) compared to the frequency of 7/10000 in the non Down population ( 0.07% ). The statistical analysis has shown that the distribution of the frequency probabilities have been between 3.6% and 7.7%, These studies have verified that the aetiology of the gallstones in the Down syndrome patients could be related to the hypotonic characteristic of the patients, leading to cholestasis, It is very important the suggestion of routine evaluation for this pathology, related to the eventual aetiologic features.

The subject of my task deals with the work of disabled theatre performers with the aim to analyze and describe the entire process of creation of a theatre performance in an amateur assemble. Furthermore, the benefit of the dramatic production for both personal as well as social development of the disabled performers, derived from the theoretical assumptions, was evaluated. The work at first highlights the features and classification of the metal retardation degree and is trying to inform about very special expressive approaches in both therapeutics and pedagogy. Much attention is paid to the drama-related therapies, such as dramatherapy and especially teatrotherapy which will underline the outcome of the whole creation process - a performance. The dramatic production itself, set within the framework of the expressive abovementioned therapies, is influenced by the way of the dramatic education and, therefore, its fundamental principles and methods of its creation are presented as well. Through the common instruments employed in the quality research, i.e. the observations and interviews with the participants in the drama-creation scheme, the whole process of the performance creation from rehearsal to the premiere is explored. The research was conducted in a Prague research body dealing with leisure...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ismael Pereira de Siqueira.pdf: 897738 bytes, checksum: 4a22bb2c1d50bec50291376c88174d45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study, developed in 2012, aimed to investigate the configuration of social interactions Contact established mixed by an individual with mild mental retardation, within a public school. . The problem was guiding: The social relations of the individual with mild mental retardation, while a brand body bearer invisible and socially ascribed, are affected by stigma to set a career morale in the school environment? We hypothesized that the stigma of mild mental retardation interferes negatively in social interactions in mixed contact the individual with mild mental retardation, established in the school, being raised from reconfigurations in how individual belongs to these relationships. These reconfigurations are proportionate to the level of degradation of self and marked by individual conflict before the social contact. As a research subject, we selected a 16 year old student of 8th year of elementary school in a public school of education, who was diagnosed with mild mental retardation and showed no brand visible body that could refer directly to the diagnostic that he had been charged. To collect data, we used the ethnographic record of observations of social relations of the research subject in school. The data obtained in the remarks passed by content analysis, from which, databus are four categories of analysis: Social Isolation, Social Search of Contact, Response to Social Contact and Reference to Stigma. These categories of analysis were problematized and discussed according to the theoretical framework of stigma, Goffman elaborated by considering also contributions from other authors in this area. The results show that social relations of the individual with mild mental retardation in school are marked by social isolation and non-recognition by peers and teachers. The influence of stigma in these relationships can be perceived surreptitiously with effects similar to that Goffman describes for individuals with a stigma immediately accessible to perception / O presente estudo, desenvolvido em 2012, teve por objetivo investigar a configuração das interações sociais de contato misto estabelecidas por um indivíduo com retardo mental leve, no espaço de uma escola pública. O problema norteador foi: As relações sociais do indivíduo com retardo mental leve, enquanto portador uma marca corporal invisível e socialmente atribuída, são afetadas pelo estigma de modo a configurar uma carreira moral no ambiente escolar? Tivemos como hipótese que o estigma do retardo mental leve interfere de maneira negativa nas interações sociais de contato misto do indivíduo com retardo mental leve, estabelecidas no espaço escolar, sendo manifestadas a partir de reconfigurações na maneira como indivíduo se insere nestas relações. Estas reconfigurações serão proporcionais ao nível de degradação do eu e marcadas pelo conflito individual diante do contato social. Como sujeito de pesquisa, selecionamos um jovem de 16 anos, estudante do 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola pública de ensino regular, que recebeu o diagnóstico de retardo mental leve e não apresentava qualquer marca corporal visível que pudesse remeter diretamente ao diagnóstico que lhe fora imputado. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o registro etnográfico de observações das relações sociais do sujeito de pesquisa no espaço escolar. Os dados obtidos nas observações passaram por análise de conteúdo, a partir da qual, elencou-se quatro categorias de análise: Isolamento Social, Busca do Contato Social, Resposta ao Contato Social e Referência ao Estigma. Estas categorias de análise foram problematizadas e discutidas de acordo com o referencial teórico do estigma, elaborado por Goffman, considerando-se também as contribuições de outros autores de referência na área. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as relações sociais do indivíduo com retardo mental leve no espaço escolar são marcadas por isolamento social e não-reconhecimento por colegas e professores. A influência do estigma nestas relações pode ser percebida de maneira sub-reptícia com efeitos similares aos que Goffman descreve para indivíduos portadores de um estigma imediatamente acessível à percepção

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi (RTS) é uma doença genética rara, caracterizada por dismorfismos craniofaciais típicos, polegares e háluces alargados, deficiência mental e baixa estatura. A incidência estimada é de 1: 125 000 a 1: 330000 nativivos. A SRT geralmente ocorre esporadicamente, mas pode ser herdada com um padrão de herança autossômico dominante. O diagnóstico da SRT é essencialmente clínico. OBJETIVOS: Realizar o estudo genético-clínico e citogenético em 30 pacientes brasileiros com SRT, e descrever de forma sistematizada a freqüência de dismorfismos faciais e malformações múltiplas encontradas. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo observacional retrospectivo e prospectivo, os pacientes foram seguidos no período de agosto de 2005 a junho de 2009. O cariótipo com bandeamento G foi realizado em todos os pacientes. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes avaliados foi do sexo feminino (60%). As seguintes características foram observadas em todos os pacientes da nossa casuística: atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, ponta nasal voltada para baixo, columela proeminente, sorriso característico, dificuldades alimentares na infância, persistência dos coxins fetais, falanges distais dos polegares alargadas e pés planos. A baixa estatura e a microcefalia foi observada em 80% e 76% dos casos, respectivamente. As principais características craniofaciais observadas foram: fronte proeminente (86%), ponte nasal larga (60%), hipertelorismo (70%), sobrancelhas espessas e arqueadas (96%) cílios longos em 93%, prega epicântica (76%), fissura palpebral infra vertidas (76%), abertura bucal estreita (93%), retrognatismo (76 %), sorriso característico em 100%, palato alto e estreito (93%), anomalias dentárias (83%). Outras anomalias identificadas foram: estrabismo, erros de refração, obstrução do canal lacrimal, háluces e polegares alargados, angulação de polegares, anomalias do pavilhão auricular (rotação/posição/tamanho/forma), angulação do hálux, clinodactilia, sobreposição dos pododáctilos, falanges distais alargadas de outros dedos, marcha rígida, hipotonia, sopro cardíaco, cardiopatia congênita, criptoquidia, hemangioma plano e hipertricose. Uma paciente apresentou translocação recíproca de novo 46, XX, t (2; 16)(q36.3; p13.3). CONCLUSÕES: A raridade da SRT e o amplo espectro das manifestações clínicas pode atrasar o diagnóstico clínico. A média da idade ao diagnóstico dos nossos pacientes com SRT foi de três anos e oito meses. Todas as crianças devem receber avaliação por geneticista pediátrico, cardiologista, oftalmologista, neuropediatra, e odontopediatra / INTRODUCTION: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial dysmorphisms, broad thumbs and toes and mental and statural deficiency. The prevalence of RTS has been estimated to be 1 in 125000 to 1: 330000 live births. RTS usually occurs sporadically although it can be inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. The diagnosis of RTS is primarily based on clinical features. OBJECTIVES: We performed a clinical and cytogenetic assay in a group of 30 Brazilian RTS patients. We also decribed the frequencies of facial dysmorphisms and multiple malformations. METHODS: In this observational retrospective and prospective study, the patients were followed from August 2005 to June 2009. Chromosomal analysis was performed by G-banding karyotype. RESULTS: Most of the patients were female (60%).The following abnormalities were present in all of the patients: delayed psychomotor development, beaked nose, proeminent collumel, typical facies, broad thumbs and toes, flat feet, joint laxity, feeding problems during the childhood, and finger pads. Short stature was present in 80%, and microcephalia in 76% of the cases, respectively. Main craniofacial characteristics are frontal bossing (86%), wide nasal bridge (60%), ocular hyperthelorism (70%), high arched eyebrows (96%), long eyelashes (93%), epicathal folds (76%), downslanting palpebral fissures (76%), small opening of the mouth (93%), retrognathism (76%), grimacing smile (100%), high arched palate (93%), and dental anomalies (83%). Other findings were: strabism, refractive error, lacrimal obstruction, wide thumb and halux, angulated thumbs, external ears anomalies (rotation, implantation and morfology), angulated halux, clinodactyly, crowded toes, broad distal falanges of other fingers, stiff gait, hipotonia, cardiac murmur, congenital heart defect, undescendent testis, hypertrichosis, and hemangioma. One female patient has found to have a reciprocal de novo translocation t(2;16)(q36.3;p13.3) on G-banding karyotype CONCLUSIONS: The rarity of RTS and the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, may delay the clinical diagnosis of RTS. The average age at the diagnosis of our patients was 3 years and 8 months. All children of RTS should receive an evaluation by a pediatric geneticist, cardiologist, ophthalmologist, pediatric neurologist, and pediatric dentist

A inserção da atenção à saúde da pessoa portadora de deficiência no sistema de saúde é o objeto da presente dissertação, tomando-se como universo de estudo seu desenvolvimento no Município de São Paulo. Considera-se que o desenvolvimento dos serviços de atenção a essa população depende do delineamento das políticas sociais, que refletem diferentes concepções de cidadania. O tema é estudado por meio da discussão das políticas sociais e suas repercussões e da análise dos depoimentos de profissionais envolvidos com a proposição e execução do atendimento à pessoa portadora de deficiência, nos serviços públicos, filantrópicos e beneficentes. Pode-se verificar que o problema da incapacidade e da deficiência tem relevância no âmbito da saúde pública. E, ainda, que a assistência a essa população se insere marginalmente no sistema de saúde, depende do modelo assistencial proposto e do estágio de implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde que permitem revelar, no âmbito do setor saúde, a cidadania possível das pessoas portadoras de deficiência / Bringing the problems of the health assistance to the handicapped people to the attention of the Public Health Services is the object of the present work. Its universe of study is the development of the above mentioned problem in the S. P. municipality. We consider that the development of specific services of heath assistance to the handicapped people depends on the delineation of social policies, wich, by their turn, reflect different conceptions of citizenship. This subject is studied through the discussion of different social policies and their repercussions, as well as through the analysis of reports made by profissionals involved with the planning and performing of the assistance to the disabled people within beneficent, philanthropic and public services. We may observe that both the problems of disability and handicap are relevant to the Public Health Services. We may also see that the assistance to these people inserts itself marginally into the Public Health Services, and depends on the proposed assistance model and on the level of implantation of the new Health System, wich allow us to unveil, within the public heath secton wich citizenship is possible to the disabled people