[pt] A Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal (ELT) é a forma mais comum de epilepsia em adultos, com uma proporção considerável de pacientes que não respondem a diferentes abordagens terapêuticas e precisam recorrer à intervenção cirúrgica. A ELT está ligada a déficits cognitivos, mas poucos estudos investigaram habilidades metacognitivas nesse grupo. Dois estudos foram conduzidos para avaliar a metacognição e a metamemória em pacientes adultos com lesões temporais direitas ou esquerdas associadas à ELT refratária após neurocirurgia. No Estudo 1, foram utilizadas tarefas experimentais computadorizadas de Manipulação de Sucesso-Fracasso de memória e de tempo de reação e metacognição sendo medida pela discrepância entre estimativas pós- teste e desempenho real. O Estudo 2 explorou metamemória para testes de memória episódica verbal e visual com estimativas globais de desempenho antes e depois dos ensaios. Os resultados do Estudo 1 indicam que os pacientes podem discriminar as condições de sucesso e fracasso, particularmente para tarefas de tempo de reação. O estudo 2 indicou que os pacientes com lesão no hemisfério esquerdo apresentam um padrão de superestimação, tanto para a memória visual quanto verbal, em relação aos pacientes do hemisfério direito. Esses resultados são discutidos em relação à potencial ajuda da metacognição em intervenções terapêuticas, especialmente na criação de estratégias compensatórias que possam ajudar a melhorar a qualidade de vida na ELT. / [en] Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adults, with a considerable proportion of patients who do not respond to different therapeutic approaches and have to resort to surgical intervention. TLE is linked to cognitive deficits, but few studies have investigated metacognitive abilities in this group. Two studies were conducted to assess metacognition and metamemory on adult patients with right or left temporal lesions associated with refractory TLE after neurosurgery. In Study 1, computerized experimental Success-Failure Manipulation tasks exploring memory and reaction time were used, with participants doing easy (success) and hard (failure) tasks for each task type and metacognition being measured by discrepancy between post-test estimations and actual performance. Study 2 explored metamemory for verbal and visual episodic memory tests with global estimations of performance before and after trials. Results of Study 1 indicate that patients can discriminate the success and failure conditions, particularly for reaction time tasks. Study 2 indicated that left hemisphere patients show a pattern of overestimation, both for visual and verbal memory, in relation to right hemisphere patients. These results are discussed in relation to the potential aid of metacognition in therapeutic interventions, especially in the creation of compensatory strategies that can help improving quality of life in TLE.

La schizophrénie est caractérisée par un ensemble de symptômes positifs et négatifs ainsi que par des déficits cognitifs dont les éléments les plus handicapants sont les troubles mnésiques. La métamémoire, qui est la connaissance sur la mémoire, est un champ d’investigation prometteur pour la compréhension et la remédiation de ce trouble. La métamémoire est composée d’un processus évaluatif et d’un processus de régulation du comportement qui sont en interaction. Les études précédentes ont montré que l’évaluation serait préservée dans la schizophrénie alors que la régulation serait déficitaire. Cependant, les relations entre ces processus n’ont pas été examinées alors qu’elles pourraient permettre decompenser le déficit mnésique. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient donc d’une part, d’observer ces relations entre évaluation et régulation dans la schizophrénie, ainsi que les ressources cognitives liées à ces processus. D’autre part, afin d’étendre les connaissances fondamentales sur la métamémoire, nous souhaitions observer l’utilisation de différents types de matériels etde stratégies d’apprentissage chez des participants sains. Les deux premières expériences ont permis de montrer que les patients schizophrènes étaient capables d’utiliser l’évaluation de leur apprentissage pour adapter leur stratégie de mémorisation et que leurs déficits en mémoire étaient liés à d’autres fonctions cognitives. Les cinq expériences suivantes ont confirmé que les participants sains ne prenaient pas en compte de la même manière les caractéristiques intrinsèques et extrinsèques du matériel dans leurs jugements et leurs stratégies. Ces données sont discutées et indiquent que davantage de recherches sur la métamémoire dans la schizophrénie seraient d’un grand intérêt pour la prise en charge des troubles mnésiques de ces patients. / Schizophrenia is characterized by a range of positive and negative symptoms and bycognitive deficits including the most disabling one, memory. Metamemory, which is knowledge about memory is of particular interest for the understanding and remediation of this trouble. It involves a monitoring and a control process, which would be in interaction.Previous studies have shown that monitoring is spared whereas control is impaired. However,these relations between these processes have not been examined whereas they could compensate for memory deficit. The aims of this work were to observe these relations between monitoring and control in schizophrenia and cognitive resources linked to these processes on the one hand. On the other hand, we wished to observe the use of different kinds of materials and learning strategies in healthy participants to get better fundamental knowledge about metamemory. Two experiments showed that patients were able to use monitoring to adapt their learning strategy and also that their memory deficits were linked too ther cognitive functions. Five following experiments confirmed that healthy participants do not use intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the materials in the same way when makin gjudgments and using strategies. These data are discussed and point out that more research about metamemory in schizophrenia is of interest for the remediation of memory deficits inschizophrenia patients.