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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24912号 / 農博第2575号 / 新制||農||1102(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大門 高明, 教授 松浦 健二, 准教授 小野 肇 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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yes / In this article, we suggest that our semiotic understanding of embodiment could be expanded to include a socially exalted individual who embodies a symbol. To illustrate this argument, we draw on an ongoing research project that examines fandom rhetoric and debates around the ‘Greatest of all time’ or the GOAT symbol in Tennis. Grounding Bakhtin’s tri-distinctions of identity, I-for-myself, I-for-other, other-for-me, in a Kantian hermeneutic tradition, we perform a theoretically informed analysis of the GOAT debate. Neither of the three components exists in isolation, rather, they interact in a reflexive dialogue which continually shapes and re-shapes individual consciousness and experiences of embodiment. We apply a ‘Romanticism aesthetic activity’ analytical framework to the tri-distinctions of identity, that consists of ‘creative’ and ‘critical’ rhetoric, within which we found genres of ‘myth,’ ‘art,’ and ‘science.’ Each genre functions, through disparate means to exalt or metamorphise an individual (our focus is on Roger Federer) into a cultural symbol, and that the symbolic form of GOAT reflexively organises the emotional field and identities for those fans deeply invested in it. This paper contributes to the current cultural psychological literature on understanding the mediation of people to symbols in a new digital age.

This thesis comprises three published papers and one manuscript, all focused on the role of juvenile hormone (JH), the JH receptor Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and its target gene Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) in insect development and reproduction. The JH-Met-Kr-h1 pathway is critical for metamorphic transition in hemimetabolan Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera) and holometabolan Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera) but seems to be dispensable during early larval postembryonic development. The results also show that Met and its heterodimeric partner Taiman (Tai) but not Kr-h1 are critical for ovarian development and vitellogenesis in Pyrrhocoris females. In vitro, in vivo and cell-based techniques in Drosophila melanogaster have demonstrated that Met and its paralog Gce are a bona fide receptor for JH. Only Gce capable of binding JH rescued Drosophila deficient for Met and Gce proteins, and the capacity of Gce to bind JH was necessary for JH-dependent transcriptional activation by Gce and Tai.

The anuran Xenopus tropicalis tadpole is an attractive model animal in toxicological evaluation of suspected thyroid disrupting xenobiotics. Due to its reliance of a functioning hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for normal metamorphosis, effects on the HPT axis produces apical endpoints, which are easy to measure. More sensitive endpoints of mRNA expression and histological evaluation of the thyroid gland itself provide strong indications of in vivo thyroid endocrine disruption. X. tropicalis is traditionally exposed in groups of 20 animals in four replicates for each treatment group. However, exposing tadpoles individually can provide stronger statistics and a reduction of total animal sacrifice. In this study we have developed and optimized an individual exposure system by a method development study. This method was then applied in an exposure experiment of a suspected thyroid endocrine disruptor, propylparaben (PrP). Prometamorphotic (NF stage 51) X. tropicalis tadpoles were distributed in three treatment groups (0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 mg PrP/L water) and maintained semi-statically for 14 days. Afterwards, apical measurements (body weight (BW), total body length (BL), snout to vent length (SVL) and hind limb length (HLL)) and reached developmental stage were assessed. In addition, mRNA expression of HPT axis relevant genes encoding deiodinase 2 (D2, hepatic tissue), deiodinase 3 (D3, hepatic and tail tissue) and transthyretin (Ttr, hepatic tissue) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The PrP exposure did not affect general growth and development, but it did cause a downregulation of dio3 and ttr. The downregulation of dio3 could possibly be associated with a reduced serum content of thyroid hormone, while ttr might be connected to a previously described xenoestrogenic effect of PrP in vitro and in fish.

This thesis identifies and characterises a particular kind of temporal typography in which verbal forms exhibit behaviours that have been identified by Eduardo Kac as ‘fluid’ , and fluctuate between the verbal and pictorial or abstract. A typology will be constructed which identifies the various behaviours by which fluidity is exhibited, and provides terminology for their analysis, accompanied by analysis of how these behaviours address the relationship between the commonly distinct paradigms of verbal and pictorial signs. The work identifies the distinction between fluidity and other forms of kineticism, and explores the various behaviours exhibited in fluid artefacts. When addressing local kineticism, gaps in existing research are filled by employing terms and observations from other fields. For example, Kac offers the term ‘fluid’ in description of his holographic poetry, which exhibits behaviours much like those presented in some examples of screenbased temporal typography. This thesis proposes that Kac’s term, ‘fluid’, may be adopted in order to differentiate significant local change in verbal forms from the various other kinds of kineticism observable in temporal typography. Fluid behaviours are identified in examples including Martin Lambie Nairn and MPC’s Channel 4 idents, the credit sequences of Kyle Cooper, and the typographic animations of practitioners including Komnios Zervos and Dan Waber. This thesis demonstrates that the existing discourse surrounding temporal typography has been held back by a failure to make distinguish between global kineticism (effecting layout) and local kineticism (effecting individual characters). The distinction between the global and the local is considered vital in studies of perceptual organisation, particularly Gestalt psychology. By providing a coherent typology, and consistent terminology, this study has the potential to positively influence understanding and analysis of fluid characterforms.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Ma démarche de recherche comme de création s’articule autour de l’animalité dans ses relations avec l’art d’une part et autour des notions-clés que sont l’anthropomorphisme animal, le zoomorphisme, la métamorphose, la figure animale et l’hybridation, constantes thématiques, iconiques et plastiques de mes travaux d’autre part. Comment et pourquoi l’artiste convoque-t-il l’animal de manière récurrente et diversifiée ? Comment ont pu se jouer entre l’homme et l’animal, mais aussi aujourd’hui de manière frappante, des complémentarités physiques et matérielles, des affinités mentales, des tensions exacerbées ? Si l’animal est le témoin excentré du fonctionnement de nos sociétés, tel un miroir déformant et critique, que révèle sa figure aux prises avec l’art de nos comportements de bête sociale et de la relation que nous entretenons avec lui ? Le recours à des concepts émanant de différentes disciplines, en particulier des sciences humaines, a irrigué et éclairé les analyses d’œuvres : les nôtres, celles de l’art d’hier et d’aujourd’hui. Il s’en est dégagé leur densité sémantique quant à la teneur du lien qui nourrit le binôme homme-animal, que les situations mises en scène soient fictives ou réelles. Le parallèle entre pratiques d’expression plastique (imitation, caricature, assemblage, mise en scène) et figures de style (métonymie, métaphore, comparaison, allégorie) au sein des processus cités plus haut vise à mettre en valeur le caractère discursif des œuvres choisies. La convocation de l’animal bénéficie ainsi, au sein de notre thèse, d’une triple définition. L’image de l’animal, reflet et mémoire de notre humanité, accompagne l’homme, tel le paradigme – modèle vivant ou image modèle –, d’une certaine identité de l’homme – ses fragilités, ses révoltes, ses excès, ses obsessions, etc. La figure de l’animal est aussi à entendre comme une médiation, réussissant là où l’attaque et le dialogue directs ne sont plus possibles, parvenant à concilier les contraires. Ainsi investie, l’image ambigüe ou ambivalente de l’animal donne lieu à la multiplicité, à une extraordinaire fertilité iconographique et artistique. Ses figures, au défi de la forme monolithique, sont rarement isolées ; elles se croisent, se mélangent et s’interpénètrent. / My research as well as my creative process on the one hand, revolves around the animal figure in its relationship to art, and on the other hand, around the key-notions of animal anthropomorphism, zoomorphism, metamorphosis, the animal figure and hybridization; constant, iconic and plastic themes of my work. How and why does the artist call forth animals in such a recurrent and diversified manner? How have physical and materiel complementarities, mental analogies as well as exacerbated tensions come into play today, in such a striking fashion between mankind and the animal world? If animals are the off-centered witness of how our societies function, as a distorting and critical mirror, what does its figure reveal when grappling with the art of our beast-like behaviors and of the relationship that we maintain with it? Resorting to concepts emanating from different academic disciplines, in particular, the human sciences, has provided and shed light to the analyses of the works: our own, those of the past and of today. The result being, an utterance density as regards the content of the link which feeds the man-animal pair, whether the situations staged are fictitious or real. The parallel drawn between the methods of plastic expression (imitation, caricature, assemblage, staging) and stylistic devices (metonymy, metaphor, comparison, allegory) within the process listed above is aimed at highlighting the discursive nature of the selected works. Eliciting the animal world within our thesis, thus benefits from a three-fold definition. The animal’s image, which is the reflection and recollection of our humanity, accompanies mankind, as the paradigm – living model or ideal image –, of a certain identity of mankind – its weaknesses, its rebellions, its excesses, its obsessions, etc. In addition, the animal’s figure is also to be understood as a mediator, prevailing over direct criticism and dialogue, and managing to reconcile opposites. Thus invested, the animal’s ambiguous or ambivalent image gives rise to multiplicity, to an extraordinary, artistic and iconographic fertility. Its figures, which challenge the monolithic form, are rarely isolated; they cross over, are mingled, and permeate.

O desenvolvimento em insetos é coordenado majoritariamente pela ação de dois grandes hormônios: HJ e 20E. Esses hormônios desencadeiam cascatas gênicas resultando em mudanças fenotípicas, fisiológicas e comportamentais. Além dos hormônios, os miRNAs também atuam sobre a expressão desses genes componentes das cascatas de resposta aos hormônios durante o desenvolvimento nos insetos. Neste estudo objetivamos analisar a relação entre hormônios e genes, hormônios e miRNAs e genes e miRNAs, em estágios finais do desenvolvimento de Apis mellifera. O perfil de expressão dos fatores de transcrição Usp, ftz-f1, EcR, chd64, inr2, Kr-h1, gce e os regulares putativos miR-34, miR-281 e miR-252b foram avaliados a partir do 5 estagio larval até adultos recém emergidos, por meio de RT-qPCR. Também avaliamos o efeito de doses exógenas de HJ III e 20E sobre o desenvolvimento pupal (Pw e Pb). A maioria dos genes testados mostraram responder as variações hormonais nos estágios pupais tal qual respondem em estágios larvais. Contudo, gce e chd64 mostraram responder diferente as variações hormonais em estágios pupais, sugerindo assim, que estes podem desempenhar papel diferente nos estágios finais do desenvolvimento. O gce que é um receptor nuclear de HJ em insetos, mostrou rápida resposta ao tratamento com 20E e não respondeu ao tratamento com HJ, semelhantemente o chd64 também não respondeu aos tratamentos com HJ. Nossos dados ainda apontam Usp como um gene de resposta imediata (early gene). O miR-34 e o miR-281 são fortes candidatos a reguladores chave na metamorfose, uma vez que estes apresentam interações (in silico) com a maioria dos genes aqui estudados, além de responderem ao tratamento hormonal para ambos os hormônios. Este estudo caracteriza componentes da rede regulatória do desenvolvimento pupal em abelhas melíferas. / The development in honeybees is mainly controlled by the action of two major hormones, juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hidroxyecdysone (20E). These hormones trigger gene cascades, which results in phenotypic, physiological and behavioral changes. Besides hormones, a class of non-coding RNAs, the microRNAs, regulates gene expression at a post-transcriptional level during insect development. In this study we aimed to analyze the relationship between developmental genes and morphogenetic hormones, in final stages of the development of Apis mellifera. The expression profile of the orphan nuclear receptor Usp, ftz-f1, EcR, chd64, inr2, Kr-h1), gce, early-trypsin, and their putative regulators miRNA-34, miRNA-281, miRNA-252a and miRNA-252b were assessed from 5? instar larvae to newly emerged adults by qPCR. The effect of exogenous doses of both hormones applied on white eyed pupae (Pw) and brown eyed pupae (Pb) was also tested. Most of the genes seem to respond to hormonal variation in pupal stages as they do in larval stages. However, gce and chd64 showed a different response to hormonal treatment in pupal states, thus suggesting they play different roles in final stages of development. Unexpectedly gce, which is a nuclear receptor of JH in insects, showed a quick response to 20E treatment and no response to JH in pupal stages of honeybees, as well as chd64 which also responded only to the 20E treatment. In addition, we recognized Usp as an Immediate Early Gene, for it responded rapidly to hormonal treatments and quickly restored its level. In addition, we find the miR-34 and miR-281 as strong candidates of regulators since they presented many putative interactions in the 3\'UTR of the candidate genes and showed to be affected by the hormonal treatment. This study describes new components to the regulatory network that regulates bee development.