In order to leverage the use of various modalities such as audio-visual-touch in instilling learning behaviour, we present an intuitive approach of annotation based hapto-audio-visual interaction with the traditional digital learning materials such as eBooks. By integrating the traditional home entertainment system and respective media in the user's reading experience combined with haptic interfaces, we examine whether such augmentation of modalities influence the user's reading experience in terms of attention, entertainment and retention. The proposed Haptic E-Book (HE-Book) system leverages the haptic jacket, haptic arm band as well as haptic sofa interfaces to receive haptic emotive signals wirelessly in the form of patterned vibrations of the actuators and expresses the learning material by incorporating audio-video based augmentation in order to pave ways for intimate reading experience in the popular eBook platform. We have designed and developed desktop, mobile/tablet based HE-Book system as well as a semi-automated annotation authoring tool. Our system also supports multimedia based diverse quiz augmentations, which can help in learning tracking. We have conducted quantitative and qualitative tests using the developed prototype systems. We have adopted the indirect objective based performance analysis methodology, which is commonly used for multimedia based learning investigation. The user study shows that, there is a positive tendency of accepting multimodal interactions including haptics with traditional eBook reading experience. Though our limited number of laboratory tests reveal, that haptics can be an influencing media in eBook reading experience, but it requires large scale real life tests to provide a concluding remarks.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier le fonctionnement des catégories de temps, aspect et mode (TAM) et l’interaction de ces trois catégories dans des phrases complexes en mandarin moderne à partir d’un corpus tiré principalement d’énoncés authentiques (oral et écrit). A travers cette étude nous cherchons à répondre à trois questions liées à l’interprétation de la temporalité en mandarin : (i) Comment les catégories temporelles, aspectuelles et modales se manifestent et interagissent dans des phrases complexes ? ; (ii) Quelles sont les différences entre les interactions du TAM dans la phrase complexe et celles dans la phrase simple ? ; (iii) Comment est exprimé l’ordre séquentiel en mandarin ? La théorie temporelle de Comrie (1985) et le modèle aspectuel élaboré par Tournadre (2004) sont utilisés comme cadre théorique de cette étude. Dans la première partie, nous présentons les théories du TAM utilisées en linguistique générale et introduisons les notions fondamentales que nous allons utiliser dans la thèse. Puis nous abordons les moyens linguistiques employés en mandarin pour véhiculer des valeurs temporelles, aspectuelles et modales, ainsi que le fonctionnement de ces trois catégories dans la phrase simple afin de comparer ce fonctionnement avec celui dans la phrase complexe. La seconde partie consiste à analyser l’interaction du TAM dans divers types de phrases complexes, comprenant des phrases subordonnées ou des constructions verbale en série. / This dissertation is a corpus-based study of the tense, aspect and mood (TAM) and the interaction between these three categories in complex sentences in modern Mandarin Chinese. It aims to answer three questions related to the interpretation of temporality in Mandarin: (i) How temporal, aspectual and modal categories are marked and how they interact in complex sentences? ; (ii) What are the differences between the interactions of TAM in complex sentences and those in simple sentences? ; (iii) How is temporal sequence expressed in Mandarin? The temporal theory of Comrie (1985) and the aspectual model developed by Tournadre (2004) will be used as the theoretical framework to analyze the data. In the first part, we first introduce the concepts and theories of TAM used in general linguistics. Then we discuss the linguistic means used in Mandarin to convey temporal, aspectual and modal concepts, and the functioning of these three categories in simple sentences in order to compare it with the functioning in complex sentences. The second part is devoted to the analysis the interaction of TAM categories in various types of complex sentences which include those in subordinate clauses and verbal construction in series.

Orientador: Itala M. Loffredo D'Ottaviano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monte_DanielLiberalino_M.pdf: 782756 bytes, checksum: ced0a8839833d10d1339f55cc58ca32f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo examinar, sob a perspectiva lógico- filosófica da paraconsistência e da modalidade, as relações entre os conceitos lógico-filosófico-formais de negação paraconsistente e o conceito de modalidade. Nosso objetivo central consiste no exame de um operador modal de negação paraconsistente. Examinamos conhecidos resultados envolvendo os operadores modais e paraconsistentes, como as lógicas modais normais K, T, S4, S5 e outras lógicas modais; algumas lógicas paraconsistentes, incluindo a lógica modal paraconsistente Z. Além disso, realizamos uma análise crítica concernente às relações entre o conhecido Quadrado de Oposições Aristotélico e a negação paraconsistente, contribuindo para o tema com alguns argumentos. Finalmente, investigamos a questão de como a generalização do Quadrado de Oposições Aristotélico, dita Teoria de n-Oposições, se relaciona com o tema da modalidade, da paraconsistência e da geometrização lógica, propondo idéias para este último. / Abstract: The present work aims to investigate, under the logical-philosophical perspective of paraconsistency and modality, relations between the logical-philosophical-formal concept of paraconsistent negation and the concept of modality. Our main task is the analysis of a modal operator of paraconsistent negation. We have examined some known results involving modal and paraconsistent operators, such as the modal normal logics K, T, S4, S5 and other modal logics; some paraconsistent logics, including modal paraconsistent logic Z. We also have proceeded a critical analysis concerning relations between the well known Aristotle's Square of Oppositions and paraconsistent negation, contributing to the theme with some arguments. Finally, we have investigated the question of how the generalization of the Square of Oppositions, through the n-Oppositions Theory, may be related to the themes of modality, paraconsistency and logic geometrization, proposing some ideas. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

After defining speaker commitment as it pertains to propositional truth in speech acts and exploring influences and motivations that may effect speaker commitment, this thesis will introduce and define modality in the context of actual speech.

The processes of pattern separation and pattern completion are very important in the correct discrimination of similar memories. Much research has been conducted on these processes, but there are some gaps that need to be addressed. First, there is some debate as to whether false alarms to lure items come about because of a failure to accurately encode a memory or a failure to retrieve a memory. Second, much of the research on pattern separation and pattern completion in humans is done with visual stimuli and contributions of stimulus modality to these processes are not well understood as a result.Study 1 consisted of three experiments conducted using a combination of eye tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods. Analyses of eye tracking data in the experiments examined the contribution of fixation counts at encoding and retrieval, as well as target-lure similarity level, to accuracy on lure trials. Task designs were altered across studies to attempt to replicate specific research previously conducted with a specific answer period, as well as generalize the findings to a broader body of research that allows participants to answer while the stimulus is presented. The three experiments showed mixed support for the contribution of fixation counts at encoding and retrieval to the accurate discrimination of similar lures. Target- lure similarity, however, was a robust predictor of accuracy for all three experiments.Prior research examining activity in the hippocampus demonstrates a reduction of fMRI activity to repetitions of a stimulus. Greater activity is also observed in the dentate gyrus/CA3 (DG/CA3) subregions for correct rejections of lure items compared to lure false alarms. There should be a greater reduction in the DG/CA3 as a function of encoding for lure false alarms than for lure correct rejections if memory encoding drives the activity differences between these outcomes. The fMRI data showed a marked reduction of activity in the left hippocampus to repetition trials as a function of encoding trial fixation count. There was no significant difference between activity as a function of encoding fixation count in the DG/CA3 for lure correct rejections and lure false alarms. There was also no difference in activity for the CA1 either. Overall, the results of the eye tracking and fMRI data give support for the contribution of pattern completion to false alarms to lure stimuli rather than poor encoding.Study 2 examined the contribution of sensory modality to accurate discriminations of lure stimuli. A behavioral task was developed to directly compare discrimination of similar lures on visual and auditory stimuli. Participants were significantly more accurate and more confident of their responses when discriminating visual stimuli as compared to discriminating auditory stimuli.

<div> <div> <p>Purpose: Preclinical studies have demonstrated that cancer cells may produce innate immune signals such as type-I interferons following radiation damage, which derives from activation of the cGAS-STING pathway following detection of cytosolic dsDNA. Limited studies have explored how these mechanisms vary from the conditions of the radiation exposure. High- linear energy transfer (LET) radiation induces more DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) per dose than low-LET radiation, thus is expected to be more immunogenic. However, DNA damage in hypoxic cells is more probable to undergo chemical repair due to limitations in oxygen fixation, thus is expected to be more immunosuppressive. Our goal is to study and model the dose response characteristics of IFNβ and Trex1 in vitro following exposure of radiations with varying LET and to develop techniques for further study in vivo.<br></p><p><br></p> <p>Methods: Reference data from Vanpouille-Box (2017) on STING dose response was applied to develop empirical models of cytosolic dsDNA and Trex1 regulation as a function of dose and quantity of DNA DSB, the latter of which is dependent on particle LET and oxygenation and is calculated using Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) software. These models were used as preliminary data to guide in vitro experiments using Merkel cell carcinoma cells. The dose response of pro-inflammatory IFNβ and exonuclease Trex1, an anti-inflammatory suppressor of cGAS-STING, was measured post-irradiation. MCDS was again used to model fast neutron relative biological effectiveness for DSB induction (RBEDSB) and compared to laboratory measurements of the RBE for IFNβ production (RBEIFNβ). RBEIFNβ models were applied to radiation transport simulations to quantify the potential secretion of IFNβ in representative clinical beams. To enable intra-tumor radiation targeting of tumor hypoxia, mice were seeded with syngeneic tumors and imaged longitudinally with PCT- spectroscopy to determine local variations hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) over time. Hypoxia classification was based on SaO2 levels in voxels containing hemoglobin relative to a “hypoxia threshold” of SaO2 < 0.2.</p><p><br></p> <p>Results: Based on analysis of published data, our preliminary models of cytosolic DNA and Trex1 dose responses demonstrate dose enhancements from high-LET radiation, such as that at the distal edge of a Bragg peak, and suppression from cellular hypoxia. This manifests as an RBE-dependent ‘shift’ in STING response. Laboratory measurements in MCC13 cells show peak IFNβ production at 6.1 Gy following fast neutron irradiation and 14.5 Gy following x-rays (RBEIFNβ = 2.4). However, IFNβ signal amplitudes were not significantly different between these radiation types. Trex1 signal increased linearly with dose, with fourfold higher upregulation per dose for fast neutrons. Modeling of RBE in clinical beams suggests that ion sources may induce spatially localized IFNβ near their end of range, which is potentially advantageous for initiation of tumor-specific immune activity. Uncharged sources stimulate IFNβ more uniformly with depth. Longitudinal PCT-S scanning is able to localize and distinguish chronic and acute hypoxia in vivo. Changes in the hypoxic classification from tumor growth and following anti-angiogenic therapy are distinguishable.<br> </p><p> </p><div> <div> <div> <p>Conclusion: Radiation-induced immunogenicity can be induced differentially based on radiation quality and is expected to be affected by cellular oxygenation. High-LET radiation, such as fast neutrons, drives greater IFNβ innate immune response per dose than low-LET radiation, such as x-rays, which may enhance abscopal effects when used in combination with immune-stimulating agents. However, anti-inflammatory signaling is greater per dose for fast neutrons, and it remains unclear if high-LET radiations are therapeutically advantageous over low-LET radiation for pro-inflammatory tumor signaling. High resolution in vivo imaging of tumor hypoxia is feasible with photoacoustic techniques, which can potentially be leveraged to study selective immunogenicity enhancement of the hypoxic niche following radiation therapy. <br></p> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> </div></div>

Ce travail examine les différents emplois de have to en anglais contemporain à partir d’un corpus d’énoncés authentiques. Il tente de dégager, en ayant recours aux outils de la théorie des opérations énonciatives d’Antoine Culioli, des invariances de fonctionnement, dans le but de fournir des emplois de la forme une représentation unifiée, à même de rendre compte de l’ensemble des variations sémantiques observables en contexte. L’approche est en partie compositionnelle : l’analyse révèle en effet que le fonctionnement de have to peut être appréhendé à partir des opérations dont le verbe have et la particule to sont respectivement les traces, la « localisation » et la « visée ». Les représentations proposées visent également à mettre en évidence la spécificité de have to par contraste avec l’auxiliaire modal must, dont il se voit traditionnellement rapproché sur le plan sémantique, tout en expliquant la possible parenté des valeurs qui leur sont associables au sein de certains contextes. / This study explores various uses of have to in contemporary English, relying on empirical data. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the theory of enunciative operations as set out by Antoine Culioli, and aims to identify a set of functional invariants holding across a wide range of contextual meanings. Our formal representations partially build on the operations marked by the verb have and the infinitive particle to, as our analysis suggests that the functioning of have to can be perceived as a product of their combination. These representations also attempt to pinpoint the difference between have to and must, while accounting for the cases in which their meanings seem to overlap.

As demand for wind power continues to grow, it is becoming increasingly important to minimize the risk, characterized by the variance, that is associated with long-term power forecasts. This thesis investigated variance reduction in power forecasts from wind farm layout optimization.The problem was formulated as a multi-objective optimization one of maximizing mean-plant-power and minimizing variance. The ε−constraint method was used to solve the bi-objectiveproblem in a two-step optimization framework where two sequential optimizations are performed. The first is maximizing mean wind farm power alone and the second, minimizing variance with a constraint on the mean power which is the value from the first optimization. The results show that the variance in power estimates can be reduced by up to 30%, without sacrificing mean-plant-power for the different farm sizes and wind conditions studied. This reduction is attributed to the multi-modality of the design space which allows for unique solutions of high mean plant power at different power variances. Thus, wind farms can be designed to maximize power capture with greater confidence.

PF is one of the most common foot and ankle problems. People with PF experience mild to severe pain that interferes moderately with activities of daily living (ADL). Due to chronic pain that interferes with ADL, people with PF often use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and/or acetaminophen. These medications alleviate pain but cannot eliminate it. Additionally, with chronic use, these medications can cause well-known adverse side effects. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of Korean Hand Therapy (KHT) in (1) treating the pain experienced in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF), (2) evaluating its impact on functionality, and (3) assessing participants' self-adherence to treatment. A pre-post mixed methods pilot study was conducted with 28 participants. Baseline measures included a demographic questionnaire, height and weight, a 10-point pain scale, the foot function index (FFI), and measurement of the plantar fascia via ultrasound. As a group, participants were taught about KHT and how to self-administer it. Participants then self-administered KHT for four weeks. Three weekly electronic surveys were sent asking participants about their pain and use of KHT. After four weeks, participants returned for final data collection, including a focus group. Baseline measures, except the demographic questionnaire and height and weight, were repeated. Thickness of PF was not correlated with pain at baseline (r = -0.14, p = 0.47). Compared to baseline, pain was significantly reduced after the initial KHT treatment on the first visit (4.875 vs 2.625, p < 0.00) and at the 4-week follow up (4.875 vs 2.528, p < 0.05). On average for all four weeks, participants reported 5.48 (SD 1.50) days of self-guided KHT per week. PF thickness was not significantly reduced at the follow up session at 4 weeks (t =1.16, p = 0.26). FFI scores were significantly improved between baseline and four weeks: Pain (t = 3.80, p < 0.00), Activity Limitation (t = 2.64, p = 0.02), and Disability (t = 4.74, p < 0.00) and overall FFI (t = 4.83, p < 0.00). Findings suggest KHT may reduce pain and increase functionality for people who experience PF. While the sample was small, KHT is low-risk, low-cost, and easily self-administered. Further investigation is needed on the long-term effects of KHT and its ability to generally alleviate all types of pain.

No description available.