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Previous studies on Cecily von Ziegesar's series Gossip Girl fail to explain the functionality of the series for the actual readers. Therefore, a discussion of the relationship between reader and text is necessary. By explaining from a literary perspective how reader and text interact, we can better understand why teen girls want to read the series and the exchanges that occur between the books and the readers. An exploration of how Gossip Girl relates to its series predecessors, like Nancy Drew, demonstrates how the popularity of Gossip Girl is not unique, but rather fits in with the established series pattern while receiving the same harsh criticism. As a result of analyzing the "bad" reputation Gossip Girl has earned, we can explicate how the series is currently seen to operate for the reader, questions left open when simply looking at series books historically. This exploration of the books as carriers of ideology examines how and if readers are invited to participate in a relationship with the text. However, simple reader-response theories only replicate a static relationship between reader and text. By also using a Deleuzo-Guattarian approach to the series, an understanding of how Gossip Girl acts as an "apparatus of capture" built on social conditions while still allowing the reader minimal agency for the channeling of energy/desiring flows can be found. These approaches work in conjunction in order to address the engagement readers experience with the Gossip Girl texts, which, in turn, help elucidate the phenomenon associated with von Ziegesar's books. / Master of Arts

Por meio de nove atmosferas distintas, distribuídas em três capítulos, construiu-se um esboço de cartografia teórica de alguns estudos educacionais voltados à filosofia das multiplicidades de Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari, a partir da seguinte questão: o que se passa entre a educação e o plano de pensamento desses autores? As atmosferas anteriores e o primeiro capítulo dizem da construção do objeto da presente pesquisa: desde sua errância até a opção por tal plano de pensamento, e não outro. No segundo capítulo, são selecionados e apresentados alguns conceitos que permitem considerar a educação escolar na ausência do sujeito da educação, tradicionalmente tomado como fundamento e fim último da lida pedagógica; daí a opção pela concepção de aprendizagem de Deleuze. No último capítulo, questiona-se o lugar da identidade como ficção psíquica que a escola tem auxiliado a construir desde sua fundação, assim como se discutem os devires da educação por meio da análise dos efeitos de ruptura, resistência e criação materializados em 11 textos que enfrentam a tradição pedagógica com novas armas. Municiados de conceitos do plano de pensamento de Deleuze & Guattari e de outros criados a partir deste, os autores realizam uma experimentação que esgarça as concepções de representação e de recognição acopladas à idéia de sujeito da educação, expondo os artifícios de produção e corrupção das subjetividades pelo capitalismo. A última atmosfera, abraçando o derradeiro texto de Deleuze: Imanência: uma vida..., dedica-se a recolher os efeitos de ressonância captados por tal linha minoritária do pensamento educacional atual, a qual enseja fomentar as chances de a escola tornar-se lócus privilegiado de composição de forças desejantes capazes de ampliar a potência de dizer sim a outras formas de existência; existências dispostas, se necessário for, a criarem \"máquinas de guerra\" afeitas a desintegrar tudo o que ofusca a vida, seja na escola, seja fora dela. / Through nine different atmospheres, distributed in three chapters, it was outlined a theoretical cartography of some studies addressed to Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari\'s philosophy of multiplicities, from the following question: what happens between education and the plane of thought of these authors? The Previous atmospheres and the first chapter are on the building of the object of this research from its roaming to the option for such a plane of thought, and not any other one. The second chapter deals with some concepts that allow us to think school education while in the absence of the subject of education, traditionally considered the purpose and the ultimate end of the pedagogical task; thus the reason for the option for Deleuze\'s pedagogical concept. The last chapter argues which is the place of identity as psychic fiction that school has helped us to build since its origins, as well as it discuss the coming-to-be of education through the analysis of the effects of disruption, resistance and e creation developed in 11 essays that face the pedagogical tradition with new weapons. Furnished with the concepts of Deleuze & Guattari\'s plane of thought, and with other ones created from them, the authors make an experimentation that tears apart the conceptions of representation and of recognition connected with the subject\'s idea of education, unveiling the artificialities of production and corruption of the subjectivities by capitalism. The last atmosphere, which embraces Deleuzes\' final essay: Immanence: a life..., gathers the resounding effects picked up by this minor part of the present educational thought, which wishes to promote chances of the school to become privileged locus of the composing of desiring forces able to enlarge the potency to say yes to other forms of existence; forms willing, if necessary, to create \"war machines\" used to disintegrating everything that hinders life, be it at school, or outside it.

L'étude de la structure du nucléon est actuellement l'un des principaux défis rencontrées en physique nucléaire. Le présent travail représente une contribution à l'étude de la structure du nucléon et consiste, en particulier, à étudier le rôle des quarks étranges dans le nucléon. Ce dernier peut être examiné en déterminant la distribution des quarks étranges dans le nucléon ainsi que la contribution des spins des quarks étranges au spin du nucléon ($\Delta s$). Ce travail présente une mesure de $\Delta s$ effectuée en utilisant des données de diffusion profondément inélastique de muons polarisés sur une cible de protons et de deutons polarisés, collectées par la collaboration COMPASS. Le résultat dépend fortement des fonctions de fragmentation des quarks en hadrons, qui définissent la probabilité qu'un quark d'une certaine saveur se fragmente en un hadron dans l'état final. Actuellement, les fonctions de fragmentation sont mal connues, en particulier, la fonction de fragmentation des quark étranges en kaons, qui joue un rôle essentiel dans la détermination de $ \Delta s$. En diffusion profondément inélastique, l'accès à ces fonctions est assuré par les multiplicités des hadrons qui, à leur tour, définissent le nombre moyen de hadrons produit par évènement de diffusion inélastique. Les multiplicités des pion et des kaons ont été extraites en fonction de différentes variables cinématiques, en utilisant les données de COMPASS. Une première extraction au leading order des fonctions de fragmentation des pions et des kaons est présentée. / Understanding the nucleon structure is currently one of the main challenges encountered in nuclear physics. The present work represents a contribution to the study of the nucleon structure and deals, in particular, with the study of the role of strange quarks in the nucleon. The latter can be investigated by determing the strange quark distribution in the nucleon as well as the contribution of the spins of strange quarks to the nucleon spin ($\Delta s$). This work first presents a measurement of $\Delta s$ performed via Deeply Inelastic Scattering of a muon beam off polarized proton and deuterium targets. The result is found to be strongly dependent on the quark fragmentation functions into hadrons (FFs), which define the probability that a quark of a given flavour fragments into a final state hadron. The FFs are poorly known, in particular, the FF of strange quark into kaons, which play an important role in the determination of $\Delta s$. In deep inelastic scattering process, the access to the FFs is provided by the hadron multiplicities which, in turn, define the average number of hadrons produced per DIS event. Pion and kaon multiplicities have been extracted versus different kinematic variables, using DIS data collected by deeply inelastic scattering of a $160$ GeV muons off a deuterium target. A first LO extraction of the fragmentation functions has then been performed using the measured pion and kaon multiplicities.

The interactions, with emulsion nuclei, of O-16 ions accelerated at 2.1 GeV/nucleon in the Berkeley accelerator, are analyzed. A phenomenological study of the events, particularly reaction cross sections and multiplicities is exposed to nuclear theories with nucleons acting individually and collectively An study of the angular distributions of the reaction products and their correlations, particularly in the transversal space, is shown. Finally, a discussion of the present parton model of the nucleon structure is done, comparing it with the experimental results.

Por meio de nove atmosferas distintas, distribuídas em três capítulos, construiu-se um esboço de cartografia teórica de alguns estudos educacionais voltados à filosofia das multiplicidades de Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari, a partir da seguinte questão: o que se passa entre a educação e o plano de pensamento desses autores? As atmosferas anteriores e o primeiro capítulo dizem da construção do objeto da presente pesquisa: desde sua errância até a opção por tal plano de pensamento, e não outro. No segundo capítulo, são selecionados e apresentados alguns conceitos que permitem considerar a educação escolar na ausência do sujeito da educação, tradicionalmente tomado como fundamento e fim último da lida pedagógica; daí a opção pela concepção de aprendizagem de Deleuze. No último capítulo, questiona-se o lugar da identidade como ficção psíquica que a escola tem auxiliado a construir desde sua fundação, assim como se discutem os devires da educação por meio da análise dos efeitos de ruptura, resistência e criação materializados em 11 textos que enfrentam a tradição pedagógica com novas armas. Municiados de conceitos do plano de pensamento de Deleuze & Guattari e de outros criados a partir deste, os autores realizam uma experimentação que esgarça as concepções de representação e de recognição acopladas à idéia de sujeito da educação, expondo os artifícios de produção e corrupção das subjetividades pelo capitalismo. A última atmosfera, abraçando o derradeiro texto de Deleuze: Imanência: uma vida..., dedica-se a recolher os efeitos de ressonância captados por tal linha minoritária do pensamento educacional atual, a qual enseja fomentar as chances de a escola tornar-se lócus privilegiado de composição de forças desejantes capazes de ampliar a potência de dizer sim a outras formas de existência; existências dispostas, se necessário for, a criarem \"máquinas de guerra\" afeitas a desintegrar tudo o que ofusca a vida, seja na escola, seja fora dela. / Through nine different atmospheres, distributed in three chapters, it was outlined a theoretical cartography of some studies addressed to Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari\'s philosophy of multiplicities, from the following question: what happens between education and the plane of thought of these authors? The Previous atmospheres and the first chapter are on the building of the object of this research from its roaming to the option for such a plane of thought, and not any other one. The second chapter deals with some concepts that allow us to think school education while in the absence of the subject of education, traditionally considered the purpose and the ultimate end of the pedagogical task; thus the reason for the option for Deleuze\'s pedagogical concept. The last chapter argues which is the place of identity as psychic fiction that school has helped us to build since its origins, as well as it discuss the coming-to-be of education through the analysis of the effects of disruption, resistance and e creation developed in 11 essays that face the pedagogical tradition with new weapons. Furnished with the concepts of Deleuze & Guattari\'s plane of thought, and with other ones created from them, the authors make an experimentation that tears apart the conceptions of representation and of recognition connected with the subject\'s idea of education, unveiling the artificialities of production and corruption of the subjectivities by capitalism. The last atmosphere, which embraces Deleuzes\' final essay: Immanence: a life..., gathers the resounding effects picked up by this minor part of the present educational thought, which wishes to promote chances of the school to become privileged locus of the composing of desiring forces able to enlarge the potency to say yes to other forms of existence; forms willing, if necessary, to create \"war machines\" used to disintegrating everything that hinders life, be it at school, or outside it.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-04-22T21:00:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - José Eder Salvador de Vasconcelos - 2014.pdf: 10572296 bytes, checksum: 40616b346bd2479e01caf5eeea4cfe68 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-04-22T21:03:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - José Eder Salvador de Vasconcelos - 2014.pdf: 10572296 bytes, checksum: 40616b346bd2479e01caf5eeea4cfe68 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T21:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - José Eder Salvador de Vasconcelos - 2014.pdf: 10572296 bytes, checksum: 40616b346bd2479e01caf5eeea4cfe68 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we study classes of algebras associated with layered directed graphs. Let 􀀀 be a layered directed graph. We determine the algebra Ap􀀀q; generated by the edges of the graph, satisfying a set of quadratic relations R; and the dual algebra Ap􀀀q!, associated with grpAp􀀀qq. For each P Autp􀀀q we determine: the algebra Ap􀀀 q; where 􀀀 is the subgraph of 􀀀 whose vertices are xed by ; the graded trace generating functions Tr pAp􀀀q; tq and Tr pAp􀀀q!; tq: We also determine the multiplicities of the irreducible representations of AutpAp􀀀qq acting on Ap􀀀q and Ap􀀀q!: We show that for a layered directed graph 􀀀, satisfying some hypotheses, AutpAp􀀀qq K Autp􀀀q. Finally, we verify the property Tr pAp􀀀q; tq Tr pAp􀀀q!; tq 1 for all P Autp􀀀q, called koszulity property. We consider two classes of algebras, the algebra associated to the Hasse graph of the partially ordered set of faces of a star polygon, Ap􀀀 q; and the algebra associated with the Hasse graph of the lattice of subespaces of a nite dimensional vector space over Fq; ApLpn; qqq: / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de algumas classes de álgebras associadas a grafos orientados em níveis. Dado um grafo orientado em níveis 􀀀 (satisfazendo algumas propriedades) determinamos a álgebra Ap􀀀q gerada pelas arestas do grafo, satisfazendo um conjunto de relações quadráticas R, e a álgebra dual Ap􀀀q!, associada a grpAp􀀀qq. Para cada P Autp􀀀q determinamos o grafo 􀀀 ; o subgrafo de 􀀀 dos vértices xados por ; que dá origem à álgebra Ap􀀀 q e calculamos as funções geradoras do traço graduado Tr pAp􀀀q; tq e Tr pAp􀀀q!; tq: Determinamos as multiplicidades das representações irredutíveis de AutpAp􀀀qq sobre Ap􀀀q e Ap􀀀q!. Mostramos que para um grafo orientado em níveis 􀀀, satisfazendo certas hipóteses, tem-se AutpAp􀀀qq K Autp􀀀q. Finalmente, veri camos a validade da equação Tr pAp􀀀q; tq Tr pAp􀀀q!; tq 1 para todo P Autp􀀀q; a qual denominamos propriedade da koszulidade. Fazemos isso para duas classes de álgebras, a álgebra associada ao grafo de Hasse do conjunto parcialmente ordenado das faces de um polígono estrelado, Ap􀀀 q, e a álgebra associada ao grafo de Hasse do reticulado dos subespaços vetoriais de um espaço vetorial de dimensão nita sobre Fq, ApLpn; qqq.

Le comptage des points rationnels est un problème classique en géométrie diophantienne. On s’intéresse à des majorations du nombre des points rationnels de hauteur bornée qui sont valables pour toute hypersurface arithmétique de degré fixé d’un espace projectif. Dans ce but, on construit une famille d’hypersurfaces auxiliaires qui contiennent tous les points rationnels de hauteur bornée mais ne contiennent pas le point générique de l’hypersurface initiale. Plusieurs outils géométriques sont développés ou adaptés dans le cadre de la géométrie d’Arakelov et de la géométrie diophantienne afin d’appliquer la méthode des déterminants par la langage de la géométrie d’Arakelov, notamment une majoration et une minoration explicite uniforme de la fonction de Hilbert-Samuel arithmétrique d’une hypersurface. Pour un schéma projectif réduit de dimension pure sur un anneau d’entiers algébriques, on donne une majoration du nombre des places sur lesquelles la fibre ne soit pas réduite. Cette majoration est utile pour la construction des hypersurfaces auxiliaires mentionnées au-dessus. De plus, la géométrie sur un corps fini joue un rôle important dans ce problème. Dans ce travail, l’un des ingrédients clé dans ce travail est une majoration effective liée à une fonction de comptage des multiplicités des points rationnels dans une hypersurface projective réduite définie sur un corps fini, qui donne une description de la complexité de son lieu singulier. Pour ce problème de comptage de multiplicités, l’outil principal est la théorie d’intersection sur un espace projectif. / Counting rational points is a classical problem in Diophantine geometry. We are interested inupper bounds for the number of rational points of bounded height of an arithmetic hypersurface with bounded degree in a projective space. For this propose, we construct a family of auxiliary hypersurfaces which contain all these rational points of bounded height but don’t contain the generic point of this hypersurface. Several tools of Arakelov geometry and Diophantine geometry are developed or adapted in this work in order to apply the determinant method by the approach of Arakelov geometry, especially a uniform explicit upper bound and a uniform explicit lower bound of the arithmetic Hilbert-Samuel function of a hypersurface. For a reduced pure dimensional projective scheme over a ring of algebraic integers, we give an upper bound of the number of places over which the fiber is not reduced any longer. This upper bound is useful for the construction of these auxilary hypersurfaces mentioned above. In addition, the geometry over a finite field plays an important role in this problem. One of the key ingredients in this work is an e_ective upper bound for a counting function of multiplicities of rational points in a reduced projective hypersurface defined over a finite field, which gives a description of the complexity of its singular locus. For this problem of counting multiplicities, the major tool is intersection theory on a projective space

Konstnärens roll som forskare är svår att placera då det är svårt att hålla sig objektiv när ens forskning går ut på att undersöka ens kreativa handlingssätt som en individ.. Detta kandidatarbete har tagit ståndpunkten av en posthumanistiskt synvinkel på världen och hur vi agerar med den, speciellt genom ögonen på konstnären och ens material. Med detta i åtanke så utvecklade vi vår frågeställning kring fenomenet av diffraktion. Diffraktion är ett naturlig fenomen där vågor av ljus kolliderar och formar ett mönster där vi kan studera effekten av de skillnader som uppstår. Vår förståelse och syn på diffraktion är baserat på Donna Haraways och Karen Barads djupdykande kunskap kring området både i ett filosofiskt och vetenskapligt perspektiv.   Med diffraktion som metod experimenterar och dokumenterar vi vår position och intra-aktioner med vårt konstnärliga material som en bestående partner i att materialisera en 3D miljö inuti en spelmotor. Vi och vårt material blir fokusgruppen för vår undersökning för att svara på frågan hur diffraktion kan användas som en metod för konstnärligt skapande med analoga och digitala verktyg. Denna resa dokumenteras genom anteckningar och reflektioner från våra individuella perspektiv och beskriver även vår produktionscykel för att belysa vår process och vilka metoder som implementerades i vilken del av processen. För att avsluta detta arbete så diskuterar vi även de förhållanden som uppstod i vår undersökning och hur temat och fokuset skulle kunna expandera utanför vår valda inriktning. / The role of the artist as a researcher is difficult to place since it’s hard to be objective while researching your creative approach as an individual. This bachelor thesis has taken the stance of the post-humanist viewpoint on the world and how we as humans act within it, especially through the eyes of the artist and our relationship to our materials. With this in mind, we developed our research question surrounding the phenomena of diffraction. Diffraction is a natural phenomena where waves of light collide and form a pattern where we can look at the effect of the differences that occur. Our understanding and take on diffraction is based on Donna Haraway’s and Karen Barad’s deep knowledge on the subject in both a philosophical and scientific way.  With diffraction as a method we experiment and document our positions and intra-actions with our artistic material as our joined partner in materializing a 3D environment within a game engine. We and our material become the research subjects to answer the question about how diffraction can become a method for artistic creation in a blend of analogue and digital art production. This journey is documented through notes and reflections from our separate perspectives and we also lay out our production cycle to display our process and which production methods are integrated where. To finish this paper, we discuss the conditions of our work and how the theme and subject of this research could be expanded upon.

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