This thesis work primarily focuses on the applicability of sub-threshold source coupled logic (STSCL) for building digital circuits and systems that run at very low voltage and promise to provide desirable performance with excellent energy savings. Sectors like bio-engineering and smart sensors require the energy consumption to be effectively very low for long battery life. Alongside meeting the ultra-low power specification, the system must also be reliable, robust, and perform well under harsh conditions. In this thesis work, logic gates are designed and analyzed, using STSCL. These gates are further used for implementation of digital subsystems in small-sized smart dust sensors which would operate at very low supply voltages and consume extremely low power. For understanding the performance of STSCL with respect to ultra-low power and energy; a seven-stage ring oscillator, a 4-by-4 array multiplier, a fifth-order FIR filter and finally a fifty-fifth-order FIR filter were designed. The subcircuits and systems have been simulated for different supply voltages, scaling down to 0.2 V, at different temperature values (-20oC and 70oC) in both 45 nm and 65 nm process technologies. The chosen architectures for the FIR filters and array multiplier were conventional and essentially taken from traditional CMOS-based designs. The simulated results are studied, analyzed and compared with same CMOS-based digital circuits. The results show on the advantage of STSCL-based digital systems over CMOS. Simulation results provide an energy consumption of 1.1388 nJ for a fifty-fifth-order FIR filter, at low temperatures (-20oC), using STSCL logic, which is comparatively less than for the corresponding CMOS logic implementation.

In 2003, since issued the decree number 4.901, the Brazilian Digital Television was established. Its main features are to provide interactivity and new technologies development, offering the population entertainment and education, promoting culture and social inclusion. Therefore, there is an immediate need for the creation of ways of making this new technology available for the whole population, despite economical status. And if this is to become true, it is extremely important that the Brazilians stop thinking on Digital TV only as an improvement of image and sound quality, but as an interactive tool for education and learning for all. Ignoring this new circumstances would be neglectful to the society, due to the loss of uncountable educational opportunities. A very small number of suggestions on Brazilian Digital TV learning activities models are being proposed recently. For that reason, this work presents a learning activity model for Brazilian Digital TV (A-TVDBR), which relies on an interactive ways of tutoring through Digital TV, aiming disabled students with locomotion difficulties. The model was specified and implemented for GINGA-NCL, using Nested Context Language declarative language / Em 2003, a partir do decreto nº 4.901, foi instituída a TV Digital brasileira, cujas características preponderantes são de proporcionar a interatividade e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias oferecendo entretenimento à população, promovendo a educação, a cultura, e a inclusão social, diante desta nova realidade, precisam-se viabilizar meios de utilização desta tecnologia para diminuição das barreiras sociais principalmente no que tange a educação. Neste contexto, poucos modelos de atividades de aprendizagem para TV digital brasileira têm sido propostos na literatura, o presente trabalho apresenta um modelo de atividades de aprendizagem para TV Digital brasileira (A-TVDBR) que possibilita de forma ativa e principalmente interativa o aprendizado e a formação através da TV Digital. O modelo proposto foi especificado baseado em componentes de software e implementado para GINGA-NCL, utilizando-se da linguagem declarativa Nested Context Language. O modelo implementado foi usado numa aplicação de TV Digital que teve como público alvo, alunos portadores de deficiência física que possuem limitação motora da associação dos deficientes físicos do estado de Alagoas (ADEFAL)

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Bc. Lucie Špuláková Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in drug-dependent persons Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Specialist in laboratory methods Objectives: The objective of this diploma thesis was to demonstrate the signs of epile- psy spectrum disorder in risk group of drug-dependent persons. Methods: We investigated the signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder by questionnaire survey - specifically by questionnaires Limbic System Checklist-33 (LSCL-33) and Complex Partial Seizure-like Symptoms Inventory (CPSI). We used statistical methods for results evaluation - the percentage comparison, chi-square test, and Spearman corre- lation coefficient. Results: The questionnaire survey demonstrated a significant shift towards abnormal values for both questionnaires. Abnormal score was achieved by 77 % respondents for questionnary LSCL-33, suspected score was achieved by 19 % respondents. Score for epilepsy spektrum disorder was achieved by 32 % respondents for questionnary CPSI and 45 % respondents showed unusual values. Conclusions: Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in drug-dependent persons was thus proved. The incidence is higher than in ordinary population and population of smokers. It was also...

Le développement des nanotechnologies dans le domaine médical a suscité un engouement considérable ces dernières années, notamment l’utilisation de nanoparticules pour la vectorisation de principes actifs. Les nanoparticules offrent des perspectives uniques pour la vectorisation et la délivrance de principes actifs qu’ils soient des gènes (thérapie génique),des anti-cancéreux (chimiothérapie) ou encore des agents photosensibilisateurs (photothérapie dynamique, TPD). Le défi majeur reste cependant l’acheminement des molécules thérapeutiques jusqu’à leur site d’action, tout en gardant leur intégrité ainsi que leur effet thérapeutique.L’axe de recherche de cette thèse est l’utilisation des nanocapsules lipidiques comme plateforme multifonctionnelle pour la délivrance de principes actifs. Un des objectifs étant le développement de nanocapsules lipidiques, stables de point de vue physico-chimique, et fonctionnalisées avec du polyéthylèneimine capables de délivrer efficacement un plasmide ADN et un anti-cancéreux (paclitaxel) dans le cadre d’une thérapie combinée. Les applications de ces nanovecteurs pour la transfectionde gènes et la vectorisation de chimiothérapeutique in vitro ont été réalisées.Par ailleurs, l’aptitude de nanocapsules lipidiques à vectoriser des agents photosensibilisants pour la thérapie photodynamique a été aussi étudiée in vitro, et les résultats ont montré que l’encapsulation de deux molécules de PS dans les nanocapsules permet une synergie de l’effet photodynamique tout en gardant les propriétés physico-chimiques de chaque PS. Enfin, l’encapsulation d’un agoniste au canal ionique TRPM8, le menthol, fait l’objet du dernier chapitre. L’étude par imagerie calcique du relargage de cette molécule lipophile in vitro a permis de confirmer le potentiel des NCL comme nanovecteurs de principes actifs. / The development of nanotechnology in the medical field has attracted considerable interest in recent years, including the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nanoparticles offer unique opportunities for delivery of active drugs such as genes (gene therapy), anti-cancer (chemotherapy) or photosensitizers (photodynamic therapy, PDT). The major challenge, however, remains the delivery of therapeutic molecules to their site of action while keeping their integrity and their therapeutic effect.The research focus of this thesis is the use of lipid nanocapsules as a multifunctional platform for the delivery of drugs. One goal is the development of stable lipid nanocapsules, functionalized with polyethyleneimine and capable of effectively delivering a plasmid DNA and an anti-cancer (paclitaxel) as part of a combination therapy. The applications of these nanocarriers for transfection and delivery of chemotherapeutic were performed in vitro.Moreover, the ability of lipid nanocapsules to encapsulate photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy has been studied in vitro, and the results showed that the encapsulation of two molecules of PS in the nanocapsules allows a synergy photodynamic effect while protecting the PS from photo degradation.Finally, encapsulating an ion channel TRPM8 agonist (menthol) is the subject of the last chapter. The study by calcium imaging of the release of this lipophilic molecule in vitro confirmed the potential of lipid nanocapsules as nanocarriers of drugs.

In dieser Arbeit werden die Synthese eines 286-Reste-langen Proteins, der γ-Untereinheit der ATP-Synthase, seine Rückfaltung und Rekonstitution zum aktiven Proteinkomplex gezeigt.

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