Over the past decade, public policy making and implementation in some European and North American countries have been in the form of networks of public, private and voluntary sector organisations. The changing nature of governance, to governing with and through networks, is known as ‘network governance’ (Rhodes, 1997). Nonetheless, it is ambiguous if network governance is a global phenomenon or merely applicable to the developed world context. Since the evidence of network governance from developing countries is hitherto scarce in the literature, this research, therefore, fills the current knowledge gap by examining network governance in Thailand. The research explores and explains the presence (or absence) of network governance in Thailand through Resource Dependence Theory, using illicit drug policy implementation in Chiang Mai province as a case study. A quantitative survey (N = 217) and a qualitative semi-structured interview (N = 31) were employed to accumulate primary data. The findings reveal that governance in the case under consideration had not shifted towards networks. Although it was found that there is a moderate degree of resource interdependence between state and non-state organisations involved in the policy, it was not sufficient to verify the existence of network governance. This was because power asymmetry existed in the relationship, with the state sector being the power-advantaged one. State agencies avoided collaborating with the non-state sector due to the fear of an expected loss of autonomy, whereas non-state organisations did not perceive resources from the state sector as being of critical importance. Thus, network governance was mainly absent from this case. This research joins broader intellectual debates that network governance is not a global phenomenon but rather a case-specific one, which suggests that public administration scholars should take the distinctiveness of context into account. Moreover, this study contributes to the illicit drug policy making in Thailand by recommending that deregulations of some bureaucratic rules and cross-sector organisational learning are vital to facilitate network governance.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / School-community collaboration has received increasing attention in social work because of its potential for enhancing the quality of services to meet the multifaceted needs of students. However, there is little understanding of how to create and maintain successful school-community collaboration. The purpose of this research is to develop and validate a comprehensive framework for transformative school-community collaboration based on a critical paradigm and its corresponding theories. Using school survey data, an exploratory factor analysis identified the four dimensions of transformative school community collaboration, including (1) critical member capacity, (2) equal relations, (3) democratic network governance, and (4) empowering coordination. The results of multiple regression analyses showed that the identified dimensions were positively associated with the quality outcomes of Out-of-School Time programs although their significant effects varied across different quality outcomes: high-quality activities, student engagement, and linkages with family/community. Another key finding was that structural dimensions—democratic network governance and empowering coordination—appeared to be stronger factors. However, this research suggested that critical member capacity and equal relations may be associated indirectly with the quality outcomes. This dissertation paper concludes with practical implications and future research agenda to successfully build transformative school-community collaboration.

As the practice of software engineering matures, project teams are leveraging the expertise of those with a background in other disciplines such as user experience. This multidisciplinary collaboration has implications on how user experience is incorporated into the software they produce. It also has consequences for the interaction within the team. This research aims to address the implications and consequences by explaining and evaluating the impact of socio-cognitive factors and governance forms on agile user experience software teams. The objective is to support multidisciplinary agile user experience software teams in managing their interaction as a means to improving how user experience knowledge is managed. Results from a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) were that: a combination of trust and shared meaning are associated with the impediment of knowledge construction and dissemination; a combination of lead governance, trust, and shared meaning are associated with knowledge dissemination; and a combination of lead governance and shared meaning are associated with the impediment of knowledge use. Review from an expert review of the Team Interaction Framework were that there are benefits to using the framework and ways to ease it use, but also limitations and anticipated challenges to its application. The findings from this research suggest that each theoretical component of the framework is relevant, but it is unclear whether the structural dimension is useful when studying agile user experience teams given environment similarity across teams. The contributions of this research are the Team Interaction Framework as a guide to evaluating the social interaction in agile user experience teams, a method for assessing the social interaction in agile user experience teams via a Team Interaction Assessment, and lightweight practices for improving the social interaction in these teams. / Ph. D.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-11-16T15:12:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel Ricardo Rocha Schmidt_.pdf: 1028028 bytes, checksum: 0bf6e2214ff3bec4a4c7170b490c2f0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T15:12:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel Ricardo Rocha Schmidt_.pdf: 1028028 bytes, checksum: 0bf6e2214ff3bec4a4c7170b490c2f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-28 / Nenhuma / Um número crescente de pequenas e médias empresas tem buscado o aumento do poder de barganha e o acesso a recursos estratégicos através da participação em redes de cooperação. A governança destas redes é geralmente exercida por meio de uma diretoria constituída e na forma de uma Organização Administrativa de Rede (OAR). Existem algumas tensões ou lógicas contraditórias inerentes ao modelo de negócio, como a tensão entre a eficiência e a necessidade de inclusão de seus membros no processo decisório (PROVAN; KENIS, 2008). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como os fatores contingenciais críticos – confiança, número de integrantes, consenso de objetivos e necessidade de competências em nível de rede – influenciam na tensão entre eficiência e inclusão e quais os mecanismos utilizados para minimizá-la. Foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos de natureza descritiva e qualitativa, com dirigentes de três redes de cooperação do varejo de material de construção que atuam nos estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa apontou a existência de relação entre os fatores contingenciais críticos descritos por Provan e Kenis (2008) e a tensão entre eficiência e inclusão. Estes fatores influenciam na orientação da governança de uma rede para a eficiência ou para a inclusão, de acordo com o nível apresentado. Na busca pelo equilíbrio entre eficiência e inclusão, as redes utilizam principalmente os mecanismos de integração e ligação entre funções e unidades, e os sistemas de controle e coordenação social. Como contribuições teóricas o estudo evidenciou a existência de relação entre os fatores contingenciais críticos e a tensão entre eficiência e inclusão, apontou a existência de dois outros fatores contingenciais adicionais relacionados à tensão – a confiança na gestão da rede e a dispersão geográfica dos seus integrantes – e constatou que a governança pelo modo de Organização Administrativa da Rede não garante a eficiência do processo decisório. Como contribuições gerenciais foram relacionadas três recomendações aos dirigentes de rede: conceder maior autonomia para os gestores executivos das redes e suas equipes internas; promover a “clusterização” das lojas associadas; e valorizar os momentos de contato com os associados. / A growing number of small and medium-sized enterprises have been using cooperation networks to look for ways to improve bargaining power and the access to strategic resources that they would not obtain on their own. These networks have usually been managed by a board of directors as an Network Administrative Organization (NAO). There are some tension and contradictory logic inherent in the business model, like the tension between efficiency and the need to include members into the decision making process (PROVAN; KENIS, 2008). The objective of this study is to analyze how the critical contingency factors – trust, number of participants, goal consensus and Need for Network-Level Competencies – have influence in the tension between efficiency and inclusiveness, and what are the mechanisms to minimize it. A descriptive-qualitative-multiple-case study was carried out with leaders from three cooperation networks of building supplies, which operate in São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. The research reveals that there is a relation between the critical contingency factors described by Provan and Kenis (2008) and the tension between efficiency and inclusiveness. These factors affect the orientation of the network leadership for efficiency or inclusion, according to the level presented. In the pursuit of balance between efficiency and inclusion, the networks mainly use the connection and integration mechanisms among units and functions, and the social control and coordination systems. As a theoretical contribution, the study confirmed the existence of a relation between critical contingency factors and the efficiency/inclusion tension. Furthermore, it brought to light two additional contingency factors related to tension – network management trust and the geographical dispersion of its members - and also found that management through Network Administrative Organization does not guarantee the efficiency in the decision making process. As managerial contributions, three recommendations were given to the leaders: the concession of greater autonomy to the network executive managers and their internal teams; promoting the clustering of associated stores; and enhance appreciation to the contact moments with associates..

abstract: This dissertation studies the role of organizational politics and power and their role in the success of public service Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). By doing so, it addresses two areas of research in network governance and organizational theory. On one hand it explores the role of public private partnerships in the emerging network governance paradigm of public administration. On the other hand it studies the widely discussed but considerably under-researched role of organizational power in network governance. The literature review establishes public service PPPs as a sub type of governance networks, and provides an initial framework to study the nature and dynamics of power in these PPPs. The research is descriptive in nature and uses inductive reasoning in the tradition of Kathleen Eisenhardt. Case studies in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan are conducted on two very similar PPPs. A replication logic is used to understand how power contributed to the success of one of those projects and lack of success in the other. Based on analysis of the findings, the dissertation concludes that public service PPPs succeed when the goals of the PPP are aligned with the goals of the most powerful collaborators. This is because regardless of its structure, a public service PPP pursues the goals targeted by the sum total of the power of its politically active collaborators. The dissertation also provides insight into the complexity of the concept of success in public service PPPs and the donor control on the operation and outcomes of public service PPPs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2012

[pt] Este estudo investigou as variáveis que facilitam o aprendizado em uma estrutura de rede e sua relação com seu modelo de governança. Para tanto, foram definidas as seguintes questões intermediárias: (1) quais aspectos definem o modelo de governança instituído na rede. (2) quais as atividades facilitam ou inibem o aprendizado organizacional e (3) como tais atividades se relacionam com o modelo de governança. O método escolhido foi o estudo de caso, realizado nas estruturas formais e informais de governança de uma rede que opera os processos da cadeia de entrega de banda larga em uma operadora de telefonia brasileira. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto e novembro de 2013 por meio de entrevistas com executivos, observação direta de reuniões de trabalho e análise de documentos. Os resultados revelam que nas situações em que as bases do modelo de governança coincidem com aspectos facilitadores do aprendizado há um aprimoramento das bases do modelo de governança, criando um circulo virtuoso de boa governança e aprendizado. Considerando o caráter eminentemente relacional do modelo de governança instituído na rede estudada, os elementos mais importantes na criação das condições necessárias para o aprendizado na cadeia são: confiança, comprometimento gerencial, integração, relacionamento e instrumentos de coordenação entre as partes. / [en] This study aimed to investigate the variables that facilitate learning in a network structure and their relation to governance models. The following intermediate questions were defined: (1) what is the basis of the networks governance model? (2) which activities are essential for learning in networks? (3) how do these activities relate to the governance model? This research can be classified as a case study of qualitative nature and it was developed in a network that operates the end-to-end delivery process of internet broadband service in a Brazilian telecoms operator. Data was collected from August 2013 to November 2013 using interviews with executives, work meeting observation and document analysis. The results showed that a favorable environment for learning leads to a refinement of the basis of the governance model, creating a virtuous cycle of good governance, learning and continuous performance improvement. Considering the relational nature of the governance model established in the network studied, the most important elements for creating the necessary conditions for learning in the value chain investigated: are: trust, managers commitment, integration, relationship and instruments of coordination.

Bakgrund: Det säkerhetspolitiska läget globalt och framförallt i Sveriges närområde har försämrats de senaste tio åren. År 2015 beslutade Sverige för ett återtagande och uppbyggande av totalförsvaret. Det civila försvarets huvudsakliga målsättning är att värna om befolkningen, att säkerställa de viktigaste samhällsfunktionerna samt bidra till det militära försvarets förmåga. Det civila försvaret ska använda Sveriges krisberedskap som grundplattform. När allvarliga händelser inträffar i vårt samhälle riskerar ordinarie krisverksamhet att belastas hårt. Sendairamverket har belyst vikten av att involvera samhällets alla nivåer för att uppnå en god samhällsresiliens. Det betonas att organiserad frivillighet bör stödjas och utvecklas. Forskning i Sverige pekar på behovet av ytterligare forskning om ledningsförhållanden för att hantera frivilliga, då det saknas kunskap om hur frivilliga ska ledas och användas både före och under en kris. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur offentliga aktörer hanterar organiserade och spontanfrivilliga idag med särskild fokus på ledning och styrning, hur de kan integreras i befintliga ledningssystem före och under en kris samt hur det kan bidra till samhällets resiliens.   Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ explorativ studie. Datainsamling sker genom intervjuer vilka sedan analyseras med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Sex respondenter intervjuades via videoprogrammet Zoom. Respondenterna är individer som på central, regional och lokal nivå arbetar med eller berörs av frågan om hantering av frivilliga. En respondent är verksam som samordnare för frivillig verksamhet på regional nivå.   Resultat: Studiens resultat visar på att personliga relationer och tillit är en väsentlig del om och hur frivilliga inkluderas och används i krisberedskapsarbetet på lokal nivå. Resultatet visar att det på central nivå finns kunskap och vägledningar om hantering av frivilliga samt konceptet FRG som förespråkas. Resultatet visar på en fungerande modell för hantering av frivilliga på regional nivå. Kunskap om frivilliga, vilka de är och vad de kan göra varierar och är personbunden. Incitament till att hantera frivilliga utgörs framförallt av att undvika att frivilliga binder upp viktiga resurser från ordinarie verksamhet och offentliga aktörers tillgång till resurser.   Slutsats: Hantering av frivilliga sker genom nätverksstyrning men inte som uttalad metod. Offentliga aktörer knyter personliga kontakter med frivilligorganisationer och om graden av tillit är hög utvecklas samverkan mellan aktörerna. Studien visar på återkommande problem i integrering av frivilliga i ledningssystem, samt faktorer för fungerande ledning och styrning av frivilliga. Hantering av frivilliga innebär för samhällets resiliens en möjlighet att nå ut till samhällets alla nivåer. Det leder till effekter som till exempel mobilisering av resurser, folkförankring och att stöd och hjälp kan nå fram till sårbara grupper i samhället.

How can local governments in the absence of national regulations or incentive schemesmotivate private owners of post-war mass-housing for investments into ambitious retrofittingfor energy efficiency? The million-program houses’ lifecycle currently makes renovationsnecessary and this would be an excellent opportunity to realize an upgrading of their energyefficiencystatus. Private owners do however show no inclination to do so. An intertwinedarray of barriers towards energy-efficient renovation is explored in this study, while it seeks tofind out which new drivers are needed to overcome these barriers and create an intrinsicmotivation for the owners to undertake the anticipated investments. In an exploratory casestudy, these points are investigated in the context of the exemplifying case of the Bygga omDialogen project in Malmö, Sweden.Bygga om Dialogen, is reframing the situation of investments into energy-efficiency in abroader socio-economic context and thrives to create new drivers pushing the owners toundertake the investments via the tools of strategic niche management and reflexivegovernance. This study explores how a strategic niche management and reflexive governancecan be used to motivate a variety of stakeholders to scrutinize and reconsider theirassumptions of the renovation-business-case and how this can stimulate the owners to activelycontribute to the establishment of a new, innovative, cross-sectoral approach seeking torealize energy-efficient investments in the context of holistic sustainable development in theneighborhood of Lindängen. Additionally it is explored how strategic niche management canbe used to deal with the contextual, strategic and institutional uncertainties that the establishednetwork is facing. Ideally the vision of mutually realizing energy-efficient renovations as partof an inclusive socio-economic upgrading of the neighborhood, could act as a building blockand exemplifying case for similar neighborhoods nationwide- or even all over Europe.

Klimatförändringar är resultatet av decenniers handlande som saknat konsekvenstänk. Behovet av en klimatomställning har länge varit känt, men vidtagna åtgärder och traditionella arbetssätt har hittills inte ansenligt bidragit till att förbättra klimatet. I klimatkontraktet 2030, en förstärkning av befintliga styrdokument, framhålls governance som det rätta verktyget för att uppnå klimatneutralitet. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur implementeringen av klimatkontraktet har påverkat Linköping kommuns förmåga att genomföra klimatomställningen och uppnå klimatmål i en snabbare takt. Syftet har uppfyllts genom en dokumentstudie av Linköping kommuns styrdokument och deras klimatkontrakt, kompletterat med en kvalitativ intervju. Studien visar hur Linköping kommuns förmåga att hantera klimatomställningen har förbättrats, men att det samtidigt finns ett behov att ytterligare utveckla governancestrukturen om klimatneutralitet inte ska vara en allt för avlägsen framtid. / Climate change is the result of decades of actions lacking foresight. The need for climate transition has long been recognized, but our efforts and traditional approaches have so far been insufficient to secure a sustainable future. As a response to this inadequacy, klimatkontraktet 2030, a reinforcement of Linköpings current policy documents, puts forward a new way of looking at climate governance. This essay aims to investigate how the implementation of the contract has affected Linköping municipality’s ability to carry through the transition and reach climate goals at a faster pace. The aim has been achieved through a document study and a supplementary qualitative interview. The study demonstrates how Linköping municipality has enhanced its capacity and ability to undergo a climate transition. Furthermore, we have identified certain aspects of the governance structure that could and should be developed to ensure climate neutrality is achieved in the near future.

Clusters de alta tecnologia são vistos como importantes centros de inovação e produção em uma economia atual global e interconectada. Observa-se um maior interesse da comunidade acadêmica pela relação entre o desenvolvimento de clusters de alta tecnologia em economias emergentes e suas conexões globais através da ‘circulação de talentos entre os clusters’ (em inglês, IBC). IBC representa, tipicamente, a difusão e transferência de tecnologias, conhecimentos e práticas através de redes individuais entre clusters emergentes e clusters já estabelecidos, os quais estão globalmente interconectados através dos laços destas redes. O foco deste estudo está no papel controverso da IBC no estímulo ao crescimento e melhoria de clusters maiores/em crescimento versus clusters menores/nascentes. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor formas de governança da IBC para conduzir estes processos nos seus diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. O contexto empírico investigado está baseado em (a) dois casos consolidados da literatura: as conexões de Bangalore (IN) - Vale do Silício e Hsinchu (TW) - Vale do Silício; e, (b) dois casos originais: as conexões de Daedeok Innopolis (KR) – EUA e Vale dos Sinos (BR) – Coreia. O método de pesquisa utilizado é qualitativo com a aplicação de 26 entrevistas em profundidade como fonte principal de evidência. Com base nos casos estudados, é possível argumentar que os clusters maiores/em crescimento se beneficiam de uma IBC orgânica, estimulada pelas dinâmicas e forças do mercado, enquanto os clusters menores/nascentes dependem de um esforço coordenado devido à falta de atratividade inicial para empresas e indivíduos. Além disto, com vistas à eficácia da IBC no estimulo ao crescimento e melhoria de clusters, também se pode argumentar que a intervenção nas dinâmicas da IBC se reduz ao longo da evolução dos clusters, passando de um esforço coordenado nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento do cluster para um processo orgânico da IBC guiado pelo mercado em estágios mais avançados de desenvolvimento. Este estudo tem implicações importantes no entendimento da conectividade de clusters, do papel da governança para o crescimento e melhoria de clusters e das estratégias efetivas de catch-up para economias emergentes. / High-tech clusters are important hubs of innovation and production in an increasingly interconnected global economy. There has been an increasing interest from scholars in the embeddedness of local cluster development, in particular of high-tech industries in emergent economies, and global connectivity, in particular in the dynamics and role of inter-cluster brain circulation (IBC). IBC denotes knowledge, technology and practice diffusion and translation through individual networks between emergent and typically more established clusters that are globally interconnected through these network ties. Of particular interest to this study is the controversial role of IBC in stimulating the growth and upgrading of larger/growing versus smaller/nascent clusters. Using the lens of network governance, this study aims to propose forms of IBC governance for steering these processes. The empirical context of investigation is composed of (a) two prior studies of IBC in the cases of Bangalore (IN) - Silicon Valley and Hsinchu (TW) - Silicon Valley connections and (b) two original empirical cases examining the Sinos Valley (BR) - Korea connection and Daedeok Innopolis (KR) - US connection. A qualitative research method strategy is employed in these two original cases using 26 in-depth interviews across both cases as a source of evidence. Based on the studied cases, it is possible to argue that for larger-scale growing clusters, IBC-growth dynamics may unfold as an ‘organic process’ through self-reinforcing market forces, whereas small-scale embryonic clusters depend on a ‘coordinated effort’ of this process because they lack initial market attractiveness for both individuals and firms. Further, focusing on the effectiveness of IBC in steering the growth and upgrading of clusters, it can also be argued that IBC governance changes through a gradual decreasing in the intervention to stimulate IBC, from a ‘coordinated effort’ in the early stage to a spontaneous increase in the marketdriven process of IBC as an ‘organic process’ in the mature stage of cluster development. This study has important implications for understanding cluster connectivity, the role of governance in cluster growth and upgrading, and the effective catch-up strategies of emerging economies.