Arbetet undersöker ifall responstiden är lägre eller högre med en nyhetssida uppbyggd med ett ramverk utan infrastrukturen CMS jämfört med ett ramverk med infrastrukturen CMS. Enligt hypotesen kommer ramverket utan infrastrukturen CMSprestera bättre vid stora dataset gentemot ramverket utan infrastrukturen CMS. Nyhetssidorna installeras på en lokal miljö där ett experiment genomför sökningar för att mäta responstiden. Resultatet av experimentet tyder på att ramverket med infrastrukturen CMS presterar bättre än ramverket utan infrastrukturen CMS vid större projekt, däremot är skillnaden försumbar. Det är dock en signifikant skillnad mellan de båda ramverken när dataseten i projekten är små. Vid de fallen presterar ramverket utan infrastrukturen CMS lägre responstid än vad ramverket med infrastrukturen CMS gör. Vid framtida arbeten hade det varit intressant att mäta hur många rader kod, hur lång tid samt hur många klick det tar att publicera en artikel på dessa ramverk

Esta pesquisa avaliou o uso de ozônio para inativar cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum presentes na água filtrada obtida após a utilização da tecnologia de ciclo completo com flotação (coagulação, floculação, flotação e filtração) em escala de bancada, empregando o cloreto de polialumínio – PAC – como coagulante. O método de floculação em carbonato de cálcio – FCCa, sem e com a etapa de separação imunomagnética – IMS – foi utilizado na quantificação dos protozoários. A recuperação nos ensaios de qualidade utilizando o kit Easyseed® de Giardia spp. foi de 8,4% ± 97,4% sem IMS e com IMS, com duas dissociações, o valor foi de 7,4% ± 39,7% e, com três dissociações, a recuperação alcançou 9,6% ± 34,7%, portanto, somente o ensaio com IMS e duas dissociações, não atendeu os padrões do Método 1623.1. A recuperação de Cryptosporidium parvum, obteve valor de 3,4% ± 100% em ensaio sem IMS e com IMS, o valor obtido foi de 1,0% ± 70,0% com duas dissociações e 1,8% ± 44,4% com três dissociações e nos três métodos apresentados, não houve conformidade com os critérios do Método 1623.1. Na etapa de desinfecção com ozônio, os ensaios realizados na Etapa 1, que se utilizou 5 mgO3L-1 e tempo de contato de 1 min sem IMS, as maiores inativações atingidas foram de 2,52 e 2,22 log para cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum, respectivamente. Com o tempo de contato de 5 min, as maiores inativações foram de 2,52 e 2,92 log de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum, respectivamente. Na Etapa 2, com IMS, utilizando a mesma dosagem e tempo de contato de 1 min, obteve-se 2,27 e 0,21 log de inativação para cistos e oocistos, respectivamente. Comparando-se com o tempo de contato de 5 min, foram obtidos 2,9 e 2,3 log de inativação para cistos e oocistos, respectivamente. Na avaliação de custo, o método de FCCa sem IMS demonstrou ser o mais econômico em relação ao procedimento com IMS. A influência da inclusão da terceira dissociação ácida no método com IMS também foi analisada e este procedimento não resultou em diferenças estatísticas significativas nos resultados. / This research evaluated the use of ozone to inactivate Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts present in the filtered water obtained after the use of the complete cycle of flotation technology (coagulation, flocculation, flotation and filtration) on a bench scale employing polyaluminium chloride - PAC as coagulant. The calcium carbonate flocculation method - FCCa, without and with immunomagnetic separation step - IMS has been used in the quantification of protozoa. The recovery in quality test using the kit Easyseed® for Giardia spp. was 8.4% ± 97.4% non-IMS and IMS with two dissociations, the value was 7.4% ±39.7% and with three dissociations, the recovery reached 9.6% ± 34,7%, so only the test with IMS and two dissociations, did not meet the standards of method 1623.1. Recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum obtained value of 3.4% ± 100% in non-IMS and IMS testing, the value obtained was 1.0% ± 70.0% with two dissociations and 1.8% ± 44.4% with three dissociations and the three methods presented, there was non-compliance with the criteria of Method 1623.1. In step disinfection with ozone, tests performed in Step 1 was used 5 mgO3L-1 and contact time of 1 min without IMS, the major inactivation achieved were 2.52 and 2.22 log for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, respectively. With 5 minutes of contact time, the greater inactivation were 2.52 and 2.92 log for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, respectively. In Step 2, with IMS, using the same dose and 1 min contact time, there was obtained 2.27 and 0.21 log inactivation for cysts and oocysts, respectively. Compared with the 5 min of contact time, were obtained 2.9 and 2.3 log inactivation for cysts and oocysts, respectively. In evaluating cost, the FCCa method without IMS proved to be the most economical in relation to the procedure with IMS. The influence of inclusion of the third acid dissociation method in IMS was also analyzed and this procedure did not result in statistically significant differences in the results.

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-17T11:10:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Marie Abrahão Salomão Gilbert.pdf: 1249967 bytes, checksum: 584a09efa0e40969c9821343d8c53a88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-17T11:10:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Marie Abrahão Salomão Gilbert.pdf: 1249967 bytes, checksum: 584a09efa0e40969c9821343d8c53a88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Our object of study is the conflict around the construction of Belo Monte Dam in Xingu River in the state of Pará. Planed to be the third biggest hydroeletricpower plant in the world in one of the most important Amazonian socioecological system, is a product of the governmental Plans to Accelerate Growth (PAC) witch at his turn integrates the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Latin-America Infrastructure. Our objective is to evaluate the development of the actual dam project compared to that other one from the 80’s, when it was first presented to the Brazilian society. The reason why we consider important to study the case is that it´s a huge project witch demands an investment of R$ 30 billion (financed in 80% by public, or, tax money) generating great social environment impacts. One of our hypothesis is that the project, elaborated in a military development agenda, is now inserted in a new context, but still a development one, but a neodevelopment context. Our second hypothesis is that, due to the period it was elaborated (military dictature) and the strong criticisms it received back in 1989, and still does in the present time, there would be some traces like lack of democracy in the way the government and his agencies conducted back then and are conducting now the environmental licensing of the dam. In a context where Brazilian sensibility to environmental problems is increased. The methodology of the study consisted in the research oh bibliographic studies, besides the classes followed in the Post-Graduation Department of Geography of the Pontíficia Universidade Católica de São Paulo / Nosso objeto de estudo consiste no conflito em torno da construção do Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico (AHE) de Belo Monte, no Rio Xingu (PA). Planejada para ser a terceira maior hidrelétrica do mundo, em uma das regiões socioecológicas mais importantes da Amazônia, integra a agenda dos Plano de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), programa governamental que, por sua vez, integra agenda mais ampla da Iniciativa para Integração da Infraestrutura Regional Sul-americana (IIRSA). O objetivo, é avaliar os desdobramentos do atual projeto da usina, em relação àquele do final da década de 1980, quando da primeira tentativa de sua construção. A justificativa se estabelece na medida em que se trata de um projeto que implica um investimento de R$ 30 bilhões (financiados em 80% pelo dinheiro público), gerando muitos impactos socioambientais. Uma de nossas hipóteses é que o projeto, elaborado dentro de uma agenda desenvolvimentista militar, apresentaria diferenças em relação ao contexto de desenvolvimentismo em que se insere a presente, um assim chamado neodesenvolvimentismo. Nossa segunda hipótese é de que, dado o período de elaboração do projeto (ditadura militar) e as fortes críticas que recebeu quando apresentado em 1989, e a presente, haveria resquícios de falta de democracia na forma como os órgãos públicos conduziram, e conduzem a presente, o processo de licenciamento da usina, num contexto de crescente sensibilidade da sociedade brasileira para a questão ambiental. A metodologia consistiu no levantamento de fontes bibliográficas, além dos conteúdos estudados nas disciplinas assistidas no curso de Pós-Graduação do Departamento de Geografia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC – SP)

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Esta pesquisa avaliou o uso de ozônio para inativar cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum presentes na água filtrada obtida após a utilização da tecnologia de ciclo completo com flotação (coagulação, floculação, flotação e filtração) em escala de bancada, empregando o cloreto de polialumínio – PAC – como coagulante. O método de floculação em carbonato de cálcio – FCCa, sem e com a etapa de separação imunomagnética – IMS – foi utilizado na quantificação dos protozoários. A recuperação nos ensaios de qualidade utilizando o kit Easyseed® de Giardia spp. foi de 8,4% ± 97,4% sem IMS e com IMS, com duas dissociações, o valor foi de 7,4% ± 39,7% e, com três dissociações, a recuperação alcançou 9,6% ± 34,7%, portanto, somente o ensaio com IMS e duas dissociações, não atendeu os padrões do Método 1623.1. A recuperação de Cryptosporidium parvum, obteve valor de 3,4% ± 100% em ensaio sem IMS e com IMS, o valor obtido foi de 1,0% ± 70,0% com duas dissociações e 1,8% ± 44,4% com três dissociações e nos três métodos apresentados, não houve conformidade com os critérios do Método 1623.1. Na etapa de desinfecção com ozônio, os ensaios realizados na Etapa 1, que se utilizou 5 mgO3L-1 e tempo de contato de 1 min sem IMS, as maiores inativações atingidas foram de 2,52 e 2,22 log para cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum, respectivamente. Com o tempo de contato de 5 min, as maiores inativações foram de 2,52 e 2,92 log de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum, respectivamente. Na Etapa 2, com IMS, utilizando a mesma dosagem e tempo de contato de 1 min, obteve-se 2,27 e 0,21 log de inativação para cistos e oocistos, respectivamente. Comparando-se com o tempo de contato de 5 min, foram obtidos 2,9 e 2,3 log de inativação para cistos e oocistos, respectivamente. Na avaliação de custo, o método de FCCa sem IMS demonstrou ser o mais econômico em relação ao procedimento com IMS. A influência da inclusão da terceira dissociação ácida no método com IMS também foi analisada e este procedimento não resultou em diferenças estatísticas significativas nos resultados. / This research evaluated the use of ozone to inactivate Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts present in the filtered water obtained after the use of the complete cycle of flotation technology (coagulation, flocculation, flotation and filtration) on a bench scale employing polyaluminium chloride - PAC as coagulant. The calcium carbonate flocculation method - FCCa, without and with immunomagnetic separation step - IMS has been used in the quantification of protozoa. The recovery in quality test using the kit Easyseed® for Giardia spp. was 8.4% ± 97.4% non-IMS and IMS with two dissociations, the value was 7.4% ±39.7% and with three dissociations, the recovery reached 9.6% ± 34,7%, so only the test with IMS and two dissociations, did not meet the standards of method 1623.1. Recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum obtained value of 3.4% ± 100% in non-IMS and IMS testing, the value obtained was 1.0% ± 70.0% with two dissociations and 1.8% ± 44.4% with three dissociations and the three methods presented, there was non-compliance with the criteria of Method 1623.1. In step disinfection with ozone, tests performed in Step 1 was used 5 mgO3L-1 and contact time of 1 min without IMS, the major inactivation achieved were 2.52 and 2.22 log for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, respectively. With 5 minutes of contact time, the greater inactivation were 2.52 and 2.92 log for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, respectively. In Step 2, with IMS, using the same dose and 1 min contact time, there was obtained 2.27 and 0.21 log inactivation for cysts and oocysts, respectively. Compared with the 5 min of contact time, were obtained 2.9 and 2.3 log inactivation for cysts and oocysts, respectively. In evaluating cost, the FCCa method without IMS proved to be the most economical in relation to the procedure with IMS. The influence of inclusion of the third acid dissociation method in IMS was also analyzed and this procedure did not result in statistically significant differences in the results.

La dégradation des ressources en eaux par la présence de matières organiques (MO) et de micropolluants nécessite la mise en œuvre de procédés de production d’eau potable robustes. Dans ce contexte, de nombreuses municipalités françaises comme Saint Cloud et Angers ont décidé d’implanter un procédé d’adsorption sur charbon actif en poudre couplé à l’ultrafiltration (CAP/UF). Le CAP est utilisé en amont des membranes afin d’éliminer les traces de micropolluants tandis que les membranes d’UF assurent une qualité d’eau produite excellente et constante au cours du temps. Cependant, les retours d’expérience montrent une dégradation des performances de séparation liée notamment à un vieillissement des matériaux membranaires ainsi qu’une vulnérabilité du procédé vis-à-vis de certains micropolluants émergents tels que les composés organiques polaires (PMOCs). Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre les conséquences du vieillissement chimique des membranes utilisées dans ces procédés et d’évaluer l’efficacité d’élimination de micropolluants afin de proposer des voies d’optimisation. Plus particulièrement il a été montré que la cause principale de vieillissement est l’exposition au chlore des membranes durant les phases de lavage modifiant les propriétés des matériaux. En effet, les nombreux outils de caractérisation utilisés ont permis de mettre en évidence une corrélation entre la dégradation de l’agent hydrophile des membranes et l'augmentation de la perméabilité lors de l'exposition au chlore. L’étude des performances membranaires a mis en évidence une altération de la résistance au colmatage vis-à-vis de la MO pour les membranes exposées au chlore. Cependant les résultats obtenus pour évaluer les performances de sélectivité des membranes vis-à-vis de virus n’ont pas souligné d’altérations majeures. Les essais d’adsorption ont démontré l’efficacité limitée du CAP pour la rétention des PMOCs. En effet, parmi les molécules testées, les molécules aromatiques les plus hydrophobes sont efficacement adsorbées par le CAP tandis que les plus polaires sont peu éliminées. Finalement, l’utilisation de la nanofiltration ou l’osmose basse pression, présentant des taux de rétention en moyenne supérieurs à 90%, en font des solutions techniques de choix pour l’élimination des PMOCs. / The degradation of water resources by the presence of organic matter (OM) and micropollutants requires the implementation of robust drinking water production processes. In this context, many French municipalities such as Saint Cloud and Angers have decided to set up a powdered activated carbon adsorption process coupled to ultrafiltration (PAC/UF). PAC is used upstream of membranes to remove traces of micropollutants while UF membranes provide excellent and constant water quality over time. However, the feedback reveals a degradation of the separation performances related in particular to an aging of the membrane materials and a vulnerability of the process towards some emerging micropollutants such as polar organic compounds (PMOCs).The work carried out during this thesis aims to better understand the consequences of the chemical aging of the membranes used in these processes and to evaluate the micropollutants removal efficiency in order to propose optimization ways. More particularly it has been shown that the main cause of aging is the chlorine exposure of the membranes during washing phases modifying the properties of the materials. In fact, the numerous characterization tools used have made it possible to demonstrate a correlation between the degradation of the hydrophilic agent of the membranes and the increase in the permeability during exposure to chlorine. The study of the membrane performances revealed an alteration of the resistance to fouling towards OM for membranes exposed to chlorine. However, the results obtained to evaluate the selectivity performance of the membranes with respect to viruses have not underlined any major alterations. Adsorption tests have demonstrated the limited efficiency of PAC for PMOCs removal. Indeed, among the molecules tested, the most hydrophobic and aromatic molecules are effectively adsorbed on PAC while the more polar ones are slightly adsorbed. Finally, the use of nanofiltration or low-pressure reverse osmosis, with average rejection rates over 90%, makes them the technological solutions of choice for the removal of PMOCs.

Les travaux de cette thèse explorent les propriétés de procédures d'estimation par agrégation appliquées aux problèmes de régressions en grande dimension. Les estimateurs par agrégation à poids exponentiels bénéficient de résultats théoriques optimaux sous une approche PAC-Bayésienne. Cependant, le comportement théorique de l'agrégat avec extit{prior} de Laplace n'est guère connu. Ce dernier est l'analogue du Lasso dans le cadre pseudo-bayésien. Le Chapitre 2 explicite une borne du risque de prédiction de cet estimateur. Le Chapitre 3 prouve qu'une méthode de simulation s'appuyant sur un processus de Langevin Monte Carlo permet de choisir explicitement le nombre d'itérations nécessaire pour garantir une qualité d'approximation souhaitée. Le Chapitre 4 introduit des variantes du Lasso pour améliorer les performances de prédiction dans des contextes partiellement labélisés. / This thesis explores properties of estimations procedures related to aggregation in the problem of high-dimensional regression in a sparse setting. The exponentially weighted aggregate (EWA) is well studied in the literature. It benefits from strong results in fixed and random designs with a PAC-Bayesian approach. However, little is known about the properties of the EWA with Laplace prior. Chapter 2 analyses the statistical behaviour of the prediction loss of the EWA with Laplace prior in the fixed design setting. Sharp oracle inequalities which generalize the properties of the Lasso to a larger family of estimators are established. These results also bridge the gap from the Lasso to the Bayesian Lasso. Chapter 3 introduces an adjusted Langevin Monte Carlo sampling method that approximates the EWA with Laplace prior in an explicit finite number of iterations for any targeted accuracy. Chapter 4 explores the statisctical behaviour of adjusted versions of the Lasso for the transductive and semi-supervised learning task in the random design setting.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Entomology / Raymond A. Cloyd / James R. Nechols / Raymond A. Cloyd / James R. Nechols / Greenhouse studies were conducted to examine direct effects of light intensity and nitrogen source on primary and secondary metabolism of pac choi (Brassica rapa L. var. chinensis cv. ‘Mei Qing Choi’) and indirect effects on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.)(DBM). In the first study, plants were exposed to high and low light intensities during different times of the year, resulting in a range of light intensities. From four experiments, plants exhibited higher phenolic content, greater shoot biomass, and higher C:N ratios under high light intensity, whereas plants under low light intensity contained higher protein. Ferulic acid increased under high light intensity, and this increase was negatively correlated with male DBM body weights. However, DBM developed faster on plants in the August experiment (high light), compared to the July experiment (lower light). This implies that light intensity may not be affecting DBM through plant-mediated changes unless reduced male weights confer a reduction in larval consumption. In the nitrogen source study, application of an organic source of nitrogen (fish hydrolysate fertilizer) was compared to a conventional fertilizer to determine whether nitrogen source directly impacts pac choi chemistry and biomass, thus indirectly impacting DBM fitness. In two experiments, there was no significant effect of fertility treatment on pac choi nutrients or biomass, with the exception of percent leaf phosphorus, which was significantly higher in the conventional fertility treatment. For DBM, percent survival and cohort development were significantly reduced on pac choi receiving the organic fertilizer. Calcium and magnesium were significantly higher in pac choi infested with DBM larvae than plants without DBM. In addition, calcium was negatively correlated with female DBM body weights in one experiment for the organic treatment. Overall, this study demonstrated that pac choi plants that received the organic fertilizer were similar to pac choi plants that received a conventional fertilizer with the exception of phosphorus. Furthermore, female DBM body weights were negatively impacted by calcium in the organic treatment. As multiple fitness traits for DBM were negatively affected in the organic treatment, pac choi crops grown with fish hydrolysate fertilizer may experience less feeding from DBM.

O presente trabalho realiza a investigação de interações hiperfinas em amostras de silício monocristalino através da técnica de Correlação Angular γ-γ Perturbada (CAP), baseada em interações hiperfinas. Para a realização das medidas, utilizou-se núcleos de prova radioativos de 111In -> 111Cd que decaem através da cascata gama 177-245keV com nível intermediário de 245keV (I = 5+/2 , Q = 0.83b, T1/2 = 84.5ns). As amostras foram confeccionadas utilizando vários métodos de inserção de núcleos de prova, possibilitando maior compreensão acerca dos impactos gerados por cada um destes métodos nas medidas CAP. As técnicas de implantação iônica, difusão e evaporação foram cuidadosamente investigadas ressaltando-se suas particularidades. Realizou-se então, um estudo acerca das concentrações de defeitos intrínsecos em função de vários processos de tratamento térmico. Finalmente, foi feita uma análise comparativa para os vários métodos de inserção dos núcleos de prova. Realizou-se, também, medidas CAP em silício monocristalino dopado com fósforo através do processo NTD. A altíssima uniformidade de dopagem associada a este método aliada à inexistência de medidas para este tipo de material ressaltam a relevância dos resultados obtidos. Estes resultados são então comparados com os resultados da literatura para amostras dopadas através de métodos convencionais apresentando-se as respectivas conclusões. / In the present work, a microscopic investigation of hyperfine interactions in single crystal silicon samples was carried out by means of Perturbed Angular γ-γ Correlation technique (PAC), which is based in hyperfine interactions. In order to achieve these measurements, it was used 111In ->111Cd radioactive probe nuclei, which decay through the well known γ cascade 177-245keV with an intermediate level of 245keV (I = 5+/2 , Q = 0.83b , T1/2 = 84.5ns). The samples were prepared using diferent probe nuclei insertion methods, making possible to increase our understanding on the impact generated by each of these techniques in PAC measurements. Ion implantation, difusion and evaporation were carefully investigated giving emphasis on its characteristics and particularities. Then, it was made a study about the concentration of intrinsic defects as function of several annealing processes. Finally, a comparative analysis was made for all these probe nuclei insertion methods. This work also accomplished PAC measurements in single crystal silicon doped with phosphorus by means of NTD method, carried out in a research nuclear reactor. The extremely high doping uniformity allied to the non-existence of previous measurements in these materials emphasize the importance of the results obtained. These results are then compared with literature results for samples doped by conventional methods presenting the respective conclusions.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar a técnica nuclear de Correlação Angular γ-γ Perturbada (CAP) para a medida de interações hiperfinas em filmes finos e amostras em pó de óxidos semicondutores SnO2 e TiO2 puros e dopados com metais de transição para uma investigação sistemática de defeitos estruturais e do magnetismo sob o ponto de vista atômico tendo como principal motivação a candidatura à aplicação desses óxidos em spintrônica. O trabalho também teve como foco a preparação e caracterização das amostras por meio de técnicas convencionais, como difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva e medidas de magnetização. Amostras puras dos filmes foram medidas mediante a variação sistemática da temperatura de tratamento térmico e do campo magnético aplicado. Tais medidas foram realizadas no HISKP, na Universidade de Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn), através de implantação de íons de 111In(111Cd) ou 181Hf(181Ta); no IPEN, por sua vez, essas medidas foram realizadas após a difusão dos mesmos núcleos de prova. Outra parte das medidas CAP foram feitas através de implantação de íons de 111mCd(111Cd) e 117Cd(117In) no Isotope Mass Separator On-Line (ISOLDE) do Centre Européen Recherche Nucléaire (CERN). As medidas foram realizadas nos intervalos de temperatura de 8 K a 1173 K. Para análise de ferromagnetismo, medidas foram feitas à temperatura ambiente com e sem aplicação de campo magnético externo. Após a comparação dos resultados das medidas macroscópicas e atômicas das amostras, foi possível concluir que há uma correlação entre os defeitos, o magnetismo e a mobilidade dos portadores de carga nos semicondutores aqui estudados. Um passo adiante na busca de semicondutores, cujo ordenamento magnético possibilite o seu uso na eletrônica baseada em spin. Alguns resultados já foram publicados, incluindo resultados obtidos na Universidade de Bonn durante o período de doutorado sanduíche [1-7]. / This study aimed the use of nuclear technique Perturbed γ-γ Angular Correlation Spectroccopy (PAC) to measure the hyperfine interactions in thin films and powder samples of SnO2 and TiO2 pure and doped with transition metals to obtain a systematic investigation of defects and magnetism from an atomic point of view with the main motivation the application in spintronics. The work also focused on the preparation and characterization of samples by conventional techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. Pure samples of the films were measured by the systematic variation of thermal treatment and applied magnetic field. These measurements were performed in HISKP at the University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) using 111In(111Cd) or 181Hf (181Ta); at IPEN, in turn, these measurements were performed after the diffusion of the same probe nuclei. Another part of PAC measurements were carried out using 111mCd(111Cd) and 117Cd (117In) in Isotope Mass Separator On-Line (ISOLDE) at Centre Européen Recherche Nucléaire (CERN). The measurements were performed from 8 K to 1173 K. After comparing results from macroscopic techniques with those from PAC, it was concluded that there is a correlation between the defects, magnetism and the mobility of charge carriers in semiconductors studied here. A step forward in the search for semiconductors, whose magnetic ordering allows its use in electronics based on spin. Some results have been published, including results obtained at the University of Bonn for the sandwich doctorate period [1-7].