nÃo hà / O objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo à avaliar a influÃncia da concepÃÃo mecanicista dos corpos e do movimento na filosofia moral e polÃtica de Thomas Hobbes. Ancorado em uma abordagem mecanicista caracterÃstica da modernidade, ele desenvolveu um modelo abstrato de pacto social com o intento de afastar o perigo da guerra e proporcionar a seguranÃa necessÃria para evitar a radical instabilidade de uma sociedade permeada pelo medo. Mostrar-se-Ã, tambÃm, que o contratualismo de Hobbes combina sua visÃo mecanicista com a convicÃÃo de que a racionalidade à um instrumento essencial para salvaguardar a seguranÃa e a paz, o que o torna um tipo peculiar de contratualismo. Destacar-se-Ã, ainda, a evidÃncia de que a aplicaÃÃo dos pressupostos da filosofia natural de Hobbes à esfera do pensamento polÃtico contribuiu para a formaÃÃo de um novo paradigma explicativo para os fenÃmenos polÃticos, o qual se opÃe Ãs concepÃÃes organicistas de sociedade centradas na preocupaÃÃo com o bem comum e marcadas pelo reconhecimento da sociabilidade como uma condiÃÃo natural dos homens. O conceito hobbesiano de soberania à fruto de uma construÃÃo artificial destinada a instaurar um poder absoluto porque nÃo hà outro modo de se garantir a paz na sociedade. / O objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo à avaliar a influÃncia da concepÃÃo mecanicista dos corpos e do movimento na filosofia moral e polÃtica de Thomas Hobbes. Ancorado em uma abordagem mecanicista caracterÃstica da modernidade, ele desenvolveu um modelo abstrato de pacto social com o intento de afastar o perigo da guerra e proporcionar a seguranÃa necessÃria para evitar a radical instabilidade de uma sociedade permeada pelo medo. Mostrar-se-Ã, tambÃm, que o contratualismo de Hobbes combina sua visÃo mecanicista com a convicÃÃo de que a racionalidade à um instrumento essencial para salvaguardar a seguranÃa e a paz, o que o torna um tipo peculiar de contratualismo. Destacar-se-Ã, ainda, a evidÃncia de que a aplicaÃÃo dos pressupostos da filosofia natural de Hobbes à esfera do pensamento polÃtico contribuiu para a formaÃÃo de um novo paradigma explicativo para os fenÃmenos polÃticos, o qual se opÃe Ãs concepÃÃes organicistas de sociedade centradas na preocupaÃÃo com o bem comum e marcadas pelo reconhecimento da sociabilidade como uma condiÃÃo natural dos homens. O conceito hobbesiano de soberania à fruto de uma construÃÃo artificial destinada a instaurar um poder absoluto porque nÃo hà outro modo de se garantir a paz na sociedade. / O objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo à avaliar a influÃncia da concepÃÃo mecanicista dos corpos e do movimento na filosofia moral e polÃtica de Thomas Hobbes. Ancorado em uma abordagem mecanicista caracterÃstica da modernidade, ele desenvolveu um modelo abstrato de pacto social com o intento de afastar o perigo da guerra e proporcionar a seguranÃa necessÃria para evitar a radical instabilidade de uma sociedade permeada pelo medo. Mostrar-se-Ã, tambÃm, que o contratualismo de Hobbes combina sua visÃo mecanicista com a convicÃÃo de que a racionalidade à um instrumento essencial para salvaguardar a seguranÃa e a paz, o que o torna um tipo peculiar de contratualismo. Destacar-se-Ã, ainda, a evidÃncia de que a aplicaÃÃo dos pressupostos da filosofia natural de Hobbes à esfera do pensamento polÃtico contribuiu para a formaÃÃo de um novo paradigma explicativo para os fenÃmenos polÃticos, o qual se opÃe Ãs concepÃÃes organicistas de sociedade centradas na preocupaÃÃo com o bem comum e marcadas pelo reconhecimento da sociabilidade como uma condiÃÃo natural dos homens. O conceito hobbesiano de soberania à fruto de uma construÃÃo artificial destinada a instaurar um poder absoluto porque nÃo hà outro modo de se garantir a paz na sociedade. / This dissertation aims at evaluating the influence of the mechanistic conception of bodies and movement on Thomas Hobbesâ moral and political Philosophy. Grounded on a mechanistic approach characteristic of modernity, he fashioned an abstract model of social pact intended to avoid the radical instability of a society permeated by fear. In addition to this, it will be shown that Hobbesâ contractarianism combines his mechanistic view with the conviction that rationality is an essential instrument to safeguard security and peace what renders it a peculiar type of contractarianism. It will be stressed that it is evident that the application of the premises of Hobbesâ natural philosophy to the sphere of political thought contributed to the formation of a new paradigm devoted to the explanation of the political phenomena that is at odds with the organic conceptions of society centered on the preoccupation with the common good and associated with the belief that human beings are naturally sociable. Hobbesâ concept of sovereignty is artificially-built in order to create and absolute power because there is no other way of guaranteeing peace in society. / This dissertation aims at evaluating the influence of the mechanistic conception of bodies and movement on Thomas Hobbesâ moral and political Philosophy. Grounded on a mechanistic approach characteristic of modernity, he fashioned an abstract model of social pact intended to avoid the radical instability of a society permeated by fear. In addition to this, it will be shown that Hobbesâ contractarianism combines his mechanistic view with the conviction that rationality is an essential instrument to safeguard security and peace what renders it a peculiar type of contractarianism. It will be stressed that it is evident that the application of the premises of Hobbesâ natural philosophy to the sphere of political thought contributed to the formation of a new paradigm devoted to the explanation of the political phenomena that is at odds with the organic conceptions of society centered on the preoccupation with the common good and associated with the belief that human beings are naturally sociable. Hobbesâ concept of sovereignty is artificially-built in order to create and absolute power because there is no other way of guaranteeing peace in society. / This dissertation aims at evaluating the influence of the mechanistic conception of bodies and movement on Thomas Hobbesâ moral and political Philosophy. Grounded on a mechanistic approach characteristic of modernity, he fashioned an abstract model of social pact intended to avoid the radical instability of a society permeated by fear. In addition to this, it will be shown that Hobbesâ contractarianism combines his mechanistic view with the conviction that rationality is an essential instrument to safeguard security and peace what renders it a peculiar type of contractarianism. It will be stressed that it is evident that the application of the premises of Hobbesâ natural philosophy to the sphere of political thought contributed to the formation of a new paradigm devoted to the explanation of the political phenomena that is at odds with the organic conceptions of society centered on the preoccupation with the common good and associated with the belief that human beings are naturally sociable. Hobbesâ concept of sovereignty is artificially-built in order to create and absolute power because there is no other way of guaranteeing peace in society.

Orientador: Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T18:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_BeatrizSantosCapela_D.pdf: 5512305 bytes, checksum: 707ea6299bc24ddc6fb459520d79aeee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O combate à dengue atualmente está limitado praticamente aos esforços de eliminação do mosquito transmissor, o Aedes aegypti, porém esta estratégia não tem se mostrado eficiente. O desenvolvimento de novos instrumentos de combate à dengue requer, portanto, maior conhecimento sobre a biologia do vírus com relação à sua interação com seus hospedeiros. O genoma do vírus é constituído por um RNA simples-fita de polaridade positiva e possui duas regiões não traduzidas (5¿ e 3¿ UTR). A região 5¿UTR viral possui organização similar à dos mRNAs eucarióticos, diferentemente da região 3¿UTR que é longa e não possui cauda de poli(A). Em vez disso, na região 3¿UTR encontram-se estruturas conservadas entre os diferentes Flavivirus, dentre elas a estrutura 3¿ stem-loop (3¿SL) que é indispensável para a replicação do RNA viral. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi identificar novas proteínas humanas capazes de interagir com a estrutura 3¿SL do RNA do vírus da dengue. Dados da literatura descrevem que a proteína Mov34 de camundongo interage com 3¿SL do vírus da encefalite japonesa. Devido à alta similaridade entre as proteínas ortólogas humana e de camundongo, bem como das respectivas estruturas 3¿SL dos vírus da dengue e da encefalite japonesa, foi testada a interação entre a Mov34 humana com o 3¿SL do vírus da dengue. Porém, em nenhuma das condições testadas foi possível obter evidência de interação da Mov34 humana com 3¿SL dos vírus da dengue e da encefalite japonesa. Para a identificação de novas proteínas que são capazes de interagir com a estrutura 3¿SL do RNA do vírus da dengue foi utilizado o ensaio de triplo-híbrido de levedura. A proteína humana PACT, conhecida como proteína celular ativadora de PKR, foi isolada neste ensaio utilizando 3¿SL como isca. PKR é uma quinase ativada por PACT ou RNA dupla-fita. A ativação de PKR leva a um estado antiviral adquirido pela fosforilação do fator de iniciação da tradução eIF2a e conseqüente inibição da tradução. Além disso, PKR está envolvida em outras vias de transdução de sinal e na resposta celular à proteínas desenoveladas. A ação antiviral de PACT é evidenciada pela ação de proteínas dos vírus influenza A e herpes simplex tipo 1 que inibem a ativação de PKR por PACT e por RNA dupla-fita. A interação direta de PACT com 3¿SL do RNA do vírus da dengue foi confirmada por ensaio de UVcrosslinking PACT possui três domínios de interação com RNA dupla-fita, sendo que os dois domínios N-terminais são responsáveis pela sua interação com o 3¿SL. Foi identificada uma região específica do 3¿SL, o stem-loop superior, onde PACT interage com maior afinidade. Além disso, foi mostrado que PACT endógena de células HEK293 é capaz de interagir com o 3¿SL biotinilado. Para caracterizar a função desta interação durante a infecção viral, foi desenvolvida uma linhagem celular com inibição da expressão de PACT através da técnica de RNA de interferência. Com esta linhagem poderemos analisar a importância da interação entre PACT e o RNA do vírus da dengue quanto à ativação e/ou inibição de PKR durante a infecção viral / Abstract: The combat to the dengue virus is basically limited to the efforts in eliminating the transmitter mosquito, the Aedes aegypti. But this strategy is not very efficient. The development of new instruments of combat to dengue virus requires improved knowledge about the virus biology and its relation to hosts. The dengue virus genome is a single-stranded RNA of positive polarity flanked by a 5¿ untranslated region (UTR) of ~100 bases and a highly structured 3¿ UTR of ~450 bases. As many other viruses, dengue encodes the enzymes required for its genome replication, but relies completely on the host translational machinery to synthesize its proteins. The essential difference between host cellular mRNAs and dengue virus genome RNA involves the 3¿UTR, which instead of a polyadenylate tail contains highly conserved structural elements, including the 3' stem-loop (3¿SL), located at the 3' terminus of the 3'UTR of many flaviviruses that is essential for their replication. The aim of this study is to identify new human proteins capable of interacting with dengue virus RNA 3¿SL structure. Literature data describe that the murine Mov34 protein interacts with Japanese encephalitis virus 3¿SL. Giving the high similarity between the human and murine ortholog proteins, as well as the conservation of the Flavivivirus RNA 3¿SL structure, we tested the interaction between the human Mov34 and the dengue virus 3¿SL. However, no interaction was detected under the conditions used in this work. In addition, the yeast three-hybrid system was used to screen for novel proteins that interact with the dengue virus 3¿SL. Human PACT, known as the cellular protein activator of PKR, was identified as a putative 3¿SL-interacting protein. PKR is an interferon-inducible, PACT or double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase. Activated PKR phosphorylates the translation initiation factor eIF2a, inhibiting translation of cellular and viral RNAs, leading to a cellular antiviral state. PACT and doublestranded RNA activation of PKR is inhibited by influenza A and herpes simplex type 1 virus proteins during viral infection, indicating that PACT plays a role in the cellular antiviral state. Direct interaction between PACT and 3¿SL was confirmed by UV-crosslinking assays. PACT contains three doublestranded RNA interaction motifs, but only the two N-terminal motifs are responsible for 3¿SL interaction. A 3¿SL specific region, the top stem-loop, was identified to interact with PACT with higher affinity. Furthermore, HEK293 cells endogenous PACT interacts with biotin-labeled 3¿SL. To further characterize PACT-3¿SL interaction during dengue virus infection, a cell line with low expression of PACT was developed using the RNA interference technique. This cell line will be used to determine the propagation rate of dengue virus which is expected to reveal the importance of PACT either for the cell antiviral state or for dengue virus proliferation / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

The thesis focuses on the British approach to EMU fiscal rules. Theoretical and conceptual framework is based on the theory of differentiated integration dealing with a various forms of closer cooperation among EU Member States. The research is built on the theoretical approach as described by Frank Schimmelfennig, Dirk Leuffen and Berthold Rittberger. Authors provide an analysis of conditions of differentiated integration within the EU. The aim of this thesis is to answer the question of why the United Kingdom decided not to participate in the fiscal compact and, consequently, did not allow further differentiated integration within the treaties (which led to an arrangement outside the EU legal framework) while accepting the initial fiscal rules agreed in the 1990s as well as other crisis reforms of EU fiscal governance. The first part describes Maastricht and SGP fiscal rules and analyses both the UK's position within EMU and the SGP provisions applied to the UK. The next chapter examines the British approach towards both the SGP revisions and the Euro Plus Pact. The third part analyses the new fiscal compact and explains why the UK decided to use the veto. In conclusion, the thesis provides an answer to the research question as set down in the introduction.

Mikrotjänstarkitektur är den senaste trenden inom mjukvaruutveckling som gör det möjligt att bygga komplexa system från mindre tjänster utformade för att vara självförsörjande och fokuserade på en specifik affärsfunktionalitet. Dessa kan utvecklas, testas, driftsättas och skalas oberoende av varandra, vilket gör att team kan vara mer autonoma och leverera värde till kunder snabbare. Bolagsverket är i processen att övergå till en arkitektur baserad på mikrotjänster men dess långa historia av omfattande end-to-end-tester som är komplexa att sätta upp, långsamma att köra och kräver mycket resurser gör det svårt att testa att integrationerna fortsätter att fungera efter att ändringar har införts. Contract testing underlättar denna verifiering. Studien implementerar Consumer-Driven förhållningssättet till tekniken med ramverken Pact och Spring Cloud Contract med syftet att undersöka hur integrationen mellan två tjänster som kommunicerar via ett REST API kan testas isolerat, samtidigt som man säkerställer att de kommer att fortsätta att interagera som förväntas när den faktiska integrationen testas. De kvantitativa och kvalitativa resultaten från fem semistrukturerade intervjuer visar att Bolagsverket i genomsnitt skulle kunna minska tiden det tar att leverera en funktion med 24 %, öka frekvensen av distribution med 42 % och minska infrastrukturkostnader med 52 %. Det här skulle göra det möjligt att ersätta end-to-end tester tidigt i utvecklingscykeln med kontraktstester och att ha en enda testmiljö med fullständiga integrationer innan driftsättning till produktion. Tekniken har emellertid vissa inneboende kostnader och garanterar i sig inte alla fördelar med en mikrotjänstarkitektur / Microservices architecture are the latest trend in software development enabling to build complex systems from smaller services designed to be self-sufficient and focused on a specific business functionality. These can be developed, tested, deployed, and scaled independently, allowing teams to be more autonomous and deliver value to customers faster. The Swedish Companies Registration Office, Bolagsverket, is in the process of transitioning toward a microservices architecture but its long history of extensive reliance on end-to-end tests that are complex to set up, slow to run, and require plenty of resources makes it difficult to test that the integrations continue to work after changes are introduced. Contract testing facilitates such verification. The study implements the Consumer-Driven approach to this technique with the frameworks Pact and Spring Cloud Contract with the objective of investigating how the integration between two services communicating via a REST API can be tested in isolation, while ensuring that they will continue to interact as expected when the actual integration is tested. The quantitative and qualitative results from five semi-structured interviews show that, on average, the agency could decrease the time it takes to deliver a feature by 24%, increase the deployment frequency by 42%, and reduce infrastructural expenses by 52%. This would allow to replace end-toend tests early in the development cycle with contract tests, and to have a sole test environment with complete integrations before deploying to production. However, the technique has some inherent costs and on its own does not guarantee all the benefits of a microservices architecture

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This thesis identifies and explains the critical changes that have occurred in the complex system of interrelated rules which have governed the defense budget process in Poland since 1989. This research explains the legal and institutional evolution of the defense budget process in post-communist Poland, focusing on the role of legislative authority i.e., the Sejm and the Senat of the Republic of Poland within the defense budget process since the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. It also analyzes the distribution of power among the different actors in the budget cycle. This is followed by a thorough description of rules imposed by the Law on Restructuring, Technical Modernization and Financing of the Polish Armed Forces in the Years 2001-2006, and the Act of Equipping the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland with Multi-Role Aircraft. These two documents were instrumental in shaping defense spending in Poland in the years 2001-2003 and will have a great impact on future decisions concerning defense budgets in the years to come. An overview of defense spending by European members of NATO is also provided to allow a comparison of Poland's willingness to commit resources to the common defense of other NATO members. / Captain, Polish Air Forces

The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate various forms of living in couple in French legal system with regards to the principle of equality. The choice of France is not random considering the fact that French lawmaker has been regulating this field since late 1990's. The thesis centres on different aspects of living in couple that differ from each other and contribute to their unique identities. In addition, the thesis assesses the issue whether the French model could be a suitable inspiration to Czech lawmakers. This topical subject is influenced by sociology and therefore there must be taken into account homosexuality as a social phenomenon and evolution of its acceptance in French society. This thesis is divided into 6 chapters. The opening chapter discusses fundamental institution of family law, which is family itself, from historical and social perspectives. The second chapter focuses on long-lasting effort of French deputies and non-governmental organizations to adopt legal regulation for same-sex couples. The third chapter describes Civil Solidarity Act and cohabitation. Civil Solidarity Act, commonly known as PACS, is a form of civil union between to adults concluded in order to organise their joint life. Provisions regarding PACS were amended in 2006. Cohabitation reffers to unmarried...

Social rights of married couples and registered partners in Czech republic and in France Summary The purpose of the present thesis is to compare social rights of married couples and registered partners in each country in order to be able to compare French and Czech legal regulations. At first it was necessary to analyze forms of family living in both states so that one can gain insight into the legal status of such couples in society. Another question raised by the present study is the access of couples to parental rights. According to the impact that parenthood has on working life and family budget, it can truly be considered a social welfare issue. Firstly we analyze, in separate chapters, individual areas of social welfare law in Czech republic and in France so that we can later compare the two. The thesis centers on survivors' benefits, through an evaluation of their purpose and of the impact of exclusion of registered partners from the group of beneficiaries. The study also examines relevant contemporary jurisprudence, mainly cases before the European Court of Human Rights and European Court of Justice.

Abstract For most of the Cold War, the United States attempted to maintain friendly relations with the Communist nations comprising the Eastern Bloc, but with no other Soviet satellite was the relationship as close as it was with Romania. No other member nation of the Warsaw Pact took to the United States’ overtures so eagerly. Diplomatic relations between the United States and the Romanian Communist government were established relatively early, almost immediately following the end of the Second World War. However, it was not until 1968, when Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu denounced the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, that the Romanians finally gained the Americans’ trust. Ceauşescu’s 1968 speech attacking the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, and the diplomatic maneuverings surrounding it, was the pivotal moment in the relationship between the two nations, fostering an amicable relationship that would last well into the 1980s.

La période précontractuelle est une période importante dans la vie de la plupart des contrats de nos jours, en raison de la mondialisation et de la complexité des relations juridiques et économiques entre les parties. Dès lors, cette période soulève de nombreux problèmes et questions concernant sa définition, ses dispositions, les droits et les obligations des parties, la nature de la responsabilité durant cette phase, etc. La complexité de l’étude de cette période réside dans sa division en deux phases : les négociations précontractuelles et les contrats préparatoires. Malgré l’importance de cette période vitale et la nécessité de répondre aux questions soulevées par celle-ci, beaucoup de régimes juridiques négligent de réglementer cette période, comme le droit égyptien et le droit français avant l’ordonnance n° 2016-131 du 10 février 2016 portant réforme du droit des contrats, du régime général et de la preuve des obligations, qui a tenté de codifier cette période. A-t-il réussi sa mission ? Le Code civil égyptien peut-il s’inspirer de l’expérience du législateur français ? Le but de cette thèse est donc de répondre à ces questions dans un cadre juridique analytique comparatif. / Pre-contractual phase form an important part of contracts’ life cycle; for reasons including globalization and the complexity of legal and economic relations gathering the concerned parties. Building on this importance this phase arises numerous problems and questions concerning its definition, regulation, rights and duties of the parties and nature of liability during this stage including the negotiations and preparatory contracts. Despite the importance and vitality of this phase, and the necessity to answer the risen questions legislations tend to neglect the regulation of this period. A perfect example of this lack of legislative action is the Egyptian law in addition to the French one preceding the major contract law reform that took place in 2016. This reform tried to codify this period. The question rising in this regard is the following: did this reform attend its mission? If so, can the Egyptian civil code be inspired by the experience of the French legislature? This thesis aims to answer these questions using a comparative analytical legal approach.

Para Davi Arrigucci Jr., em O mundo misturado: romance e experiência em Guimarães Rosa, a canção de Siruiz contém, cifrada em suas palavras enigmáticas, o destino de Riobaldo. O propósito deste estudo é, a partir da análise mitopoética dos versos dessa canção e dos que o próprio protagonista-narrador do Grande sertão: veredas compôs para complementá-la, tentar decifrar o destino individual do herói problemático Riobaldo e os plurais e dialéticos sentidos de sua travessia. Para tanto, embasados na fortuna crítica e no acervo de leituras, depoimentos e cartas de Rosa, buscamos analisar comparativamente o motivo da canção no romance, em algumas das demais obras do autor, e em clássicos como a Teogonia, de Hesíodo, a Vita Nuova e A Divina Comédia, de Dante Alighieri, Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister e o Fausto, de Goethe, a obra inacabada Heinrich von Ofterdingen, de Novalis, além de levantar alusões à Bíblia, à tradição fáustica e à tradição romanesca medieval que, ao que tudo indica, também serviram de inspiração e intertexto para Rosa na gênese e nos desígnios da canção de Siruiz e de seus contextos de representação. / According to Arrigucci Jr., in The Mixed World - Romance and Experience in Guimarães Rosa, the song of Siruiz contains, encrypted in his enigmatic words, the destiny of Riobaldo. The purpose of this study is, from the mythopoetic analysis of the verses of this song and of those that the protagonist-narrator of Grande Sertão: Veredas composed in order to complement it, try to decipher the individual destiny of the problematical hero Riobaldo and the plurals and dialecticals senses of his trajectory. In order to do so, we sought, based on readings acquis and critiques, as well as on depositions and letters from Rosa, to analyze comparatively the motif of the song not only in the romance but also in some other works of the author, as well as in other classics, such as Theogony, by Hesiod, Vita Nuova and The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship and the Faust, by Goethe, and the incomplete novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, by Novalis. In addition, we sought to raise allusions to the Bible, to the Faustian traditions and to the medieval novelistic tradition, which, it seems, were also used as inspiration and intertext by Rosa on Siruiz songs genesis and designs, as well as on its contexts of representation.