Daylight availability in buildings faces numerous challenges in a world where energy efficiency,thermal comfort, and sustainability take center stage. Daylight is well-known for its role in reducingartificial lighting consumption and enhancing the well-being and performance of building occupants.However, a crucial issue arises with the incorporation of large windows to introduce natural light, asthis may compromise the thermal efficiency of a room. Designers must strike a delicate balancebetween optimizing daylight and ensuring thermal comfort to achieve energy-efficient buildings. Asthe global population continues to grow and urban areas become more densely populated, this issuebecomes increasingly complex and sensitive to address. Consequently, it is becoming urgent toscrutinize the effectiveness in addressing these challenges. When assessing daylight in various rooms, prevailing requirements in different regulations orstandards tend to mix all types of buildings. The author contends that a more nuanced and tailoredapproach should be adopted, depending on the type of building and the intended room usage. Whilemost studies conducted in Sweden focus on analyzing residential buildings, this master’s Thesis shiftsits focus to Swedish university buildings. The objective is to compare the existing requirement levelswith students' subjective perceptions of daylight quality, with the aim of determining whether thecurrent standards are adequate or should be adjusted. The study centers around a specific building comprising 21 distinct study spaces located at the KTHcampus in Stockholm, Sweden. Each of these spaces possessed unique characteristics that are relevantto the research. To facilitate this investigation, various modeling and daylight simulation tools wereemployed, including Rhinoceros 7, Ladybug Tools, and other editing software such as Microsoft Wordand Adobe illustrator. Ladybug relies on Radiance, a validated daylight simulation engine, for analyzingstatic and dynamic daylight metrics. This thesis, supported by survey and simulation results, illustrates that students studying in universitybuildings have a significantly higher demand for natural light compared to the levels established bySwedish regulations. These findings underscore the imperative need for comprehensive research onthe actual requirements of occupants in university buildings, with the aim of revising and modernizingthe existing Swedish regulations. The potential differentiation in standards between residential anduniversity buildings warrants further exploration. / Dagsljusautonomin i byggnader står inför flera utmaningar i en värld där energieffektivitet, termiskkomfort och hållbarhet står i centrum. Dagsljus är välkänt för sin roll i att minska konstgjord belysningoch förbättra välbefinnandet och prestandan hos byggnadens användare. En viktig fråga uppstår docknär stora fönster används för att införa naturligt ljus, eftersom detta kan kompromissa med rummetstermiska effektivitet. Designers måste hitta en balansgång mellan att optimera dagsljus ochsäkerställa termisk komfort för att uppnå perfekt energieffektivitet. I takt med att den globalabefolkningen fortsätter att växa och stadsområden blir alltmer tätbefolkade, blir denna fråga alltmerkomplex och känslig att hantera. Därför är det brådskande att granska noggrant de befintligaföreskrifterna för dagsljus. När man bedömer dagsljus i olika rum tenderar de rådande kraven i olika föreskrifter eller standarderatt blanda samman alla frekvent använda utrymmen. Författaren hävdar att en mer nyanserad ochskräddarsydd ansats bör användas, beroende på byggnadens typ och avsedd användning av utrymmet.Medan de flesta studier som utförs i Sverige fokuserar på att analysera bostadsbyggnader, ändrardenna magisteruppsats fokus till svenska universitetsbyggnader. Målet är att jämföra de befintligakravnivåerna med studenternas subjektiva uppfattning om dagsljuskvalitet, med målet att fastställaom de nuvarande standarderna är tillräckliga eller bör anpassas. Studien kretsar kring en specifik byggnad som består av 21 olika studieutrymmen som är belägna påKTH:s campus i Stockholm, Sverige. Varje av dessa utrymmen har unika egenskaper som är relevantaför forskningen. För att underlätta denna undersökning användes olika programvaruverktyg, inklusiveRhinoceros 7, Grasshopper, Microsoft Word och Adobe Illustrator. Denna avhandling, stödd av resultat från enkäter och simuleringar, visar övertygande att studentersom studerar i universitetsbyggnader har en betydligt högre efterfrågan på naturligt ljus jämfört medde nivåer som fastställts i svenska föreskrifter. Dessa resultat understryker det akuta behovet avomfattande forskning om de faktiska kraven för användarna i universitetsbyggnader, med målet attrevidera och modernisera de befintliga svenska föreskrifterna. Möjligheten att differentierastandarder mellan bostads- och universitetsbyggnader förtjänar ytterligare utforskning.

Building performance simulation (BPS) tools are significant and helpful during all design stages, especially during the early ones. However, there are obstacles to the full implementation and use of such tools, causing them not to become an effective part of the design process. In order to overcome this barrier, this research is presented, with the creation of regression models (meta-models) that allow to predict the discomfort by heat and/or by cold in a Brazilian low-cost house (LCH) in three distinct bioclimatic zones in Brazil, represented by the cities of Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP and Manaus/AM. The focus of this work was to analyze the impact of solar incidence and shading devices on thermal comfort by applying the meta-models. The method consisted in a) collecting data from projects referring to the type of building aforementioned to aid in the creation of the base model; b) definition of the key parameters and their ranges to be varied; c) simulations run on EnergyPlus using the Monte Carlo method to randomly create parameters combinations within their defined ranges; d) regression analysis and metamodels elaboration, followed by their validation with reliability tests; and lastly, e) a case study, consisting in applying the meta-models to a standard LCH to verify the impact of shading devices in a unit in regards to thermal comfort and the their potential as support tool in the design process. In general, all R2 values for the meta-models were above 0.95, except for the ones for São Paulo and Curitiba for discomfort by heat, 0.74 and 0.61, respectively. In regards to the case study, the meta-models predicted a decrease of approximately 50% in discomfort by heat for Manaus when a given combination of orientation, quantity and size of the devices was used. For the remaining locations, the meta-models predicting discomfort by heat and by cold require further investigation to properly assess some unexpected predictions and the meta-models sensitivity to the parameters related to shading devices. / Ferramentas de simulação computacional são importantes e uteis durante todas as etapas de projeto, especialmente durante as iniciais. No entanto. Há obstáculos para a completa implementação e uso de tais ferramentas, fazendo com que não sejam uma parte efetiva do processo de projeto. Para superar esta barreira, esta pesquisa é apresentada, com a criação de modelos de regressão (meta-modelos) que permitem a predição do desconforto por frio e/ou por calor em uma habitação de interesse social (HIS) no Brasil em três zonas bioclimáticas, representadas pelas cidades de Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP e Manaus/AM. O foco deste trabalho foi analisar o impacto da incidência solar e das proteções solares no conforto térmico utilizando os meta-modelos. O método consistiu em a) coletar dados referentes ao tipo de edifício mencionado para auxiliar na criação do modelo de base; b) a definição dos parâmetros chave e suas faixas de variação; c) simulações no EnergyPlus usando o método de Monte Carlo para aleatoriamente combinar valores de parâmetros dentro de suas faixas; d) análise de regressão e elaboração dos meta-modelos, seguida da validação dos mesmos por testes de confiabilidade; e por fim, e) um estudo de caso, consistindo na aplicação dos meta-modelos a uma HIS padrão para verificar o impacto das proteções solares em uma unidade em relação ao conforto térmico da mesma, assim como o potencial dos meta-modelos em serem utilizados como uma ferramenta de auxílio nas fases iniciais de projeto. No geral, todos os valores de R2 foram acima de 0.95, exceto para os meta-modelos de São Paulo e Curitiba para desconforto por calor, com 0.74 e 0.61, respectivamente. Em relação ao estudo de caso, os meta-modelos previram uma queda de aproximadamente 50% no desconforto por calor para Manaus, dada uma combinação entre orientação, quantidade e dimensão das proteções. Para as demais localidades, os meta-modelos prevendo desconforto por frio e por calor requerem maiores estudos para avaliar predições inesperadas e a sensibilidade dos meta-modelos em relação aos parâmetros de proteções solares.

<p>The challenge of building scalable quantum computer lies in striking appropriate balance between designing a reliable system architecture from large number of faulty computational resources and improving the physical quality of system components. The detailed investigation of performance variation with physics of the components and the system architecture requires adequate performance simulation tool. In this thesis we demonstrate a software tool capable of (1) mapping and scheduling the quantum circuit on a realistic quantum hardware architecture with physical resource constraints, (2) evaluating the performance metrics such as the execution time and the success probability of the algorithm execution, and (3) analyzing the constituents of these metrics and visualizing resource utilization to identify system components which crucially define the overall performance.</p><p>Using this versatile tool, we explore vast design space for modular quantum computer architecture based on trapped ions. We find that while success probability is uniformly determined by the fidelity of physical quantum operation, the execution time is a function of system resources invested at various layers of design hierarchy. At physical level, the number of lasers performing quantum gates, impact the latency of the fault-tolerant circuit blocks execution. When these blocks are used to construct meaningful arithmetic circuit such as quantum adders, the number of ancilla qubits for complicated non-clifford gates and entanglement resources to establish long-distance communication channels, become major performance limiting factors. Next, in order to factorize large integers, these adders are assembled into modular exponentiation circuit comprising bulk of Shor's algorithm. At this stage, the overall scaling of resource-constraint performance with the size of problem, describes the effectiveness of chosen design. By matching the resource investment with the pace of advancement in hardware technology, we find optimal designs for different types of quantum adders. Conclusively, we show that 2,048-bit Shor's algorithm can be reliably executed within the resource budget of 1.5 million qubits.</p> / Dissertation

Orientador: Vanessa Gomes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Delbin_Simone_M.pdf: 10464476 bytes, checksum: 61cbf976e94f0f8bce337aa955688411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Nos cursos de graduação de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Brasil, conforto ambiental, eficiência energética e projeto arquitetônico são normalmente tratados como áreas distintas de conhecimento, o que se reflete na qualidade ambiental e no consumo energético dos ambientes construídos. Fica clara então a necessidade de inserção de alguma ferramenta ou método que possa ser aplicado em ensino e acabe com a lacuna entre tópicos teóricos de conforto ambiental e a prática de projeto. Como uma tentativa de mudar este quadro, propõe-se um método de ensino de simulação de conforto ambiental de edifícios que possa ser utilizado em cursos graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. O primeiro passo do trabalho foi selecionar uma ferramenta adequada à simulação de conforto térmico e eficiência energética para as primeiras fases de projeto e de fácil utilização em ensino. Adaptou-se a metodologia de projeto típica para utilização em ensino. Um arquivo climático para Campinas foi então selecionado. Como pré-teste, foi realizado um experimento com alunos do curso de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Unicamp. Os projetos elaborados pelos alunos durante uma disciplina de projeto foram simulados como em uma consultoria. Os alunos envolvidos no experimento foram acompanhados durante a disciplina de projeto seguinte. Uma disciplina dedicada à utilização de uma ferramenta de simulação foi elaborada, com base em estudos de outras metodologias de ensino de simulação. A disciplina foi oferecida como eletiva aos alunos da graduação do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Unicamp, a fim de testar a resposta dos alunos à ferramenta e de definir o melhor momento para inserção no currículo. A disciplina foi dividida em dois blocos: o primeiro, revisou conceitos de conforto e os introduziu no contexto do programa de simulação previamente selecionado (ECOTECT). Além disso, foram apresentados os fundamentos da metodologia de simulação (simplificação do modelo, zoneamento do edifício e etapas do processo de simulação). Neste período, os alunos desenvolveram pequenas simulações a cada aula. No segundo bloco de aulas, os alunos realizaram duas simulações mais complexas. Os resultados desta disciplina demonstram que os alunos aprenderam os comandos do programa com facilidade, porém prevalece alguma dificuldade com a simplificação do modelo e escolha dos materiais construtivos. A disciplina de simulação próxima ou no mesmo semestre que a primeira disciplina de conforto térmico, pode auxiliar na fixação do conteúdo aprendido e na utilização de simuladores nas disciplinas seguintes de conforto, maximizando o benefício de utilização destas ferramentas de projeto / Abstract: In architectural design teaching at undergraduate fevel in Brazil, environmental comfort and energy efficiency have been traditionally kept as separate knowledge domains, which reflect on the poor quality and high consumption of the built environment. It is proved then the necessity of insertion of a methodology or tools to be applied in education. As a way to overcome these problems, this research aims to establish a building simulation teaching methodology. Building simulation provides better design solutions and outcomes in energy efficiency designo Besldes, it consolidates the acquired knowledge and test concepts on student's designs. As a first step for the development of this research a tool was selected, then the typical simulation methodology was adapted for teaching purposes. A climatic data file for Campinas was also selected. As a preparation, an experimental research was carried out in the specific design discipline dedicated to thermal comfort and bio-climatic architecture. Students had their design similated in a consultancy formal The students involvedin the experiment were followed in the next design studio. The first outcome showed that a computerized design studio is necessary for this issue. A discipline dedicated to teaching building simulation was elaborated based on traditional building simulation teaching methodology. It was offered as an elective discipline to undergraduate students of the Architectural course at Unicamp, as a way to test students with the simulation toei afld to define when to introduce simulation into the curriculum. Students enrolled in the simulation course were interested in learning practical methods to analyze their projects. The course was based on two major blocks. The first one revisedcomfort subjects and also introduced students to the previous selected simulation toei (ECOTECT) and the simulation methodology (modeling, zoning, steps of the simulation process). In this period, students carried out simple simulations in each dass. During the second block they developed two more complex simulations. The results of this course indicated that students learned easily how to operate the simulation tool, but did not internaHze comfort concept and therefore had some difficulty on handling model simplification and choosing material data. A major reason appears to be lack of request implementation of comfort concepts in subsequent design studios. The simulation course should be at the same semester students are exposed to comfort concepts, or very dose to it. These way students would be capable of using the toei to help on learning comfort issues, and also use it in the following comfort disciplines / Mestrado / Edificações / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Building performance simulation (BPS) tools are significant and helpful during all design stages, especially during the early ones. However, there are obstacles to the full implementation and use of such tools, causing them not to become an effective part of the design process. In order to overcome this barrier, this research is presented, with the creation of regression models (meta-models) that allow to predict the discomfort by heat and/or by cold in a Brazilian low-cost house (LCH) in three distinct bioclimatic zones in Brazil, represented by the cities of Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP and Manaus/AM. The focus of this work was to analyze the impact of solar incidence and shading devices on thermal comfort by applying the meta-models. The method consisted in a) collecting data from projects referring to the type of building aforementioned to aid in the creation of the base model; b) definition of the key parameters and their ranges to be varied; c) simulations run on EnergyPlus using the Monte Carlo method to randomly create parameters combinations within their defined ranges; d) regression analysis and metamodels elaboration, followed by their validation with reliability tests; and lastly, e) a case study, consisting in applying the meta-models to a standard LCH to verify the impact of shading devices in a unit in regards to thermal comfort and the their potential as support tool in the design process. In general, all R2 values for the meta-models were above 0.95, except for the ones for São Paulo and Curitiba for discomfort by heat, 0.74 and 0.61, respectively. In regards to the case study, the meta-models predicted a decrease of approximately 50% in discomfort by heat for Manaus when a given combination of orientation, quantity and size of the devices was used. For the remaining locations, the meta-models predicting discomfort by heat and by cold require further investigation to properly assess some unexpected predictions and the meta-models sensitivity to the parameters related to shading devices. / Ferramentas de simulação computacional são importantes e uteis durante todas as etapas de projeto, especialmente durante as iniciais. No entanto. Há obstáculos para a completa implementação e uso de tais ferramentas, fazendo com que não sejam uma parte efetiva do processo de projeto. Para superar esta barreira, esta pesquisa é apresentada, com a criação de modelos de regressão (meta-modelos) que permitem a predição do desconforto por frio e/ou por calor em uma habitação de interesse social (HIS) no Brasil em três zonas bioclimáticas, representadas pelas cidades de Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP e Manaus/AM. O foco deste trabalho foi analisar o impacto da incidência solar e das proteções solares no conforto térmico utilizando os meta-modelos. O método consistiu em a) coletar dados referentes ao tipo de edifício mencionado para auxiliar na criação do modelo de base; b) a definição dos parâmetros chave e suas faixas de variação; c) simulações no EnergyPlus usando o método de Monte Carlo para aleatoriamente combinar valores de parâmetros dentro de suas faixas; d) análise de regressão e elaboração dos meta-modelos, seguida da validação dos mesmos por testes de confiabilidade; e por fim, e) um estudo de caso, consistindo na aplicação dos meta-modelos a uma HIS padrão para verificar o impacto das proteções solares em uma unidade em relação ao conforto térmico da mesma, assim como o potencial dos meta-modelos em serem utilizados como uma ferramenta de auxílio nas fases iniciais de projeto. No geral, todos os valores de R2 foram acima de 0.95, exceto para os meta-modelos de São Paulo e Curitiba para desconforto por calor, com 0.74 e 0.61, respectivamente. Em relação ao estudo de caso, os meta-modelos previram uma queda de aproximadamente 50% no desconforto por calor para Manaus, dada uma combinação entre orientação, quantidade e dimensão das proteções. Para as demais localidades, os meta-modelos prevendo desconforto por frio e por calor requerem maiores estudos para avaliar predições inesperadas e a sensibilidade dos meta-modelos em relação aos parâmetros de proteções solares.

<div>Currently, people in North America spend roughly 90% of their time indoors. Therefore, it is important to create comfortable, healthy, and productive indoor environments for the occupants. Unfortunately, our resulting indoor environments are still very poor, especially in multi-occupant rooms. In addition, energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings by HVAC systems and lighting accounts for about 41% of primary energy use in the US. However, the current methods for simulating building energy consumption are often not accurate, and various types of occupant behavior may explain this inaccuracy.</div><div>This study first developed artificial neural network models for predicting thermal comfort and occupant behavior in indoor environments. The models were trained by data on indoor environmental parameters, thermal sensations, and occupant behavior collected in ten offices and ten houses/apartments. The models were able to predict similar acceptable air temperature ranges in offices, from 20.6 °C to 25 °C in winter and from 20.6 °C to 25.6 °C in summer. We also found that the comfortable air temperature in the residences was 1.7 °C lower than that in the offices in winter, and 1.7 °C higher in summer. The reason for this difference may be that the occupants of the houses/apartments were responsible for paying their energy bills. The comfort zone obtained by the ANN model using thermal sensations in the ten offices was narrower than the comfort zone in ASHRAE Standard 55, but that using behaviors was wider.</div><div>Then this study used the EnergyPlus program to simulate the energy consumption of HVAC systems in office buildings. Measured energy data were used to validate the simulated results. When using the collected behavior from the offices, the difference between the simulated results and the measured data was less than 13%. When a behavioral ANN model was implemented in the energy simulation, the simulation performed similarly. However, energy simulation using constant thermostat set point without considering occupant behavior was not accurate. Further simulations demonstrated that adjusting the thermostat set point and the clothing could lead to a 25% variation in energy use in interior offices and 15% in exterior offices. Finally, energy consumption could be reduced by 30% with thermostat setback control and 70% with occupancy control.</div><div>Because of many contextual factors, most previous studies have built data-driven behavior models with limited scalability and generalization capability. This investigation built a policy-based reinforcement learning (RL) model for the behavior of adjusting the thermostat and clothing level. We used Q-learning to train the model and validated with collected data. After training, the model predicted the behavior with R2 from 0.75 to 0.80 in an office building. This study also transferred the behavior knowledge of the RL model to other office buildings with different HVAC control systems. The transfer learning model predicted with R2 from 0.73 to 0.80. Going from office buildings to residential buildings, the transfer learning model also had an R2 over 0.60. Therefore, the RL model combined with transfer learning was able to predict the building occupant behavior accurately with good scalability, and without the need for data collection.<br></div><div><div>Unsuitable thermostat settings lead to energy waste and an undesirable indoor environment, especially in multi-occupant rooms. This study aimed to develop an HVAC control strategy in multi-occupant offices using physiological parameters measured by wristbands. We used an ANN model to predict thermal sensation from air temperature, relative humidity, clothing level, wrist skin temperature, skin relative humidity and heart rate. Next, we developed a control strategy to improve the thermal comfort of all the occupants in the room. The control system was smart and could adjust the thermostat set point automatically in real time. We improved the occupants’ thermal comfort level that over half of the occupants reported feeling neutral, and fewer than 5% still felt uncomfortable. After coupling with occupancy-based control by means of lighting sensors or wristband Bluetooth, the heating and cooling loads were reduced by 90% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the smart HVAC control system can effectively control the indoor environment for thermal comfort and energy saving.</div><div>As for proposed studies in the future, at first, we will use more advanced sensors to collect more kinds of occupant behavior-related data. We will expand the research on more occupant behavior related to indoor air quality, noise and illuminance level. We can use these data to recognize behavior instead of questionnaire survey now. We will also develop a personalized zonal control system for the multi-occupant office. We can find the number and location of inlet diffusers by using inverse design.</div></div>

The interlinking of enriched BIM data to Building Energy Performance Simulation (BEPS) models facilitates the data flow throughout the building life cycle. This seamless data transfer from BIM to BEPS models increases design efficiency. To investigate the interoperability between these models, this paper analyses different data transfer methodologies along with input data requirements for the simulation process. Based on the analysed knowledge, a methodology is adopted and demonstrated to identify the quality of the data transfer process. Furthermore, discussions are provided on identified efficiency gaps and future work.:Abstract Introduction and background Methodology Methodology demonstration Creation and export of BIM data Verification of OpenBIM meta-data BEPS model generation and validation Import statics Model Geometry and Orientation Construction details Thermal Profile Results and discussion Summary and future work References

Das Betriebsverhalten eines elektrischen Turboladers zur Bedruckung des Kathodengassystems eines automobilen Brennstoffzellensystems wird unter Berücksichtigung der feuchten Brennstoffzellenabluft untersucht. Basierend auf den Komponentenkennfeldern von Elektromotor, Leistungselektronik, Lagerung und Turbomaschinenkomponenten werden stationäre und transiente Betriebslinien berechnet, anhand derer eine Betriebspunktverschiebung gezeigt wird. Diese kann auf die Einflüsse der Gaszusammensetzung und Kondensation in der Turbine zurückgeführt werden. Anhand von drei stationären Betriebspunkten wird die Zusammensetzung der Verluste innerhalb der Maschine gezeigt. Die Verzögerung wird zudem als kritisches Manöver im transienten Betrieb durch signifikante Abnahme des Pumpgrenzabstands identifiziert. / The performance of an electric turbocharger for the cathode gas supply system of an automotive fuel cell system is investigated considering moist air off gasses. Based on the component performance maps of electric motor, power electronics, bearings and turbomachinery, steady state and transient operating lines are calculated and a shift of operating points is shown. These can be traced back to the influence of gas composition and condensation within the turbine. Based on three operating points, losses inside the machine are characterized. Furthermore, deceleration is identified as the most critical transient operating scenario due to a significant decrease of the surge margin.

Building performance simulations [BPS] tools are important in all the design stages, mainly in the early ones. However, some barriers such as time, resources and expertise do not contribute to their implementation in architecture offices. This research aimed to develop regression models (meta-models) to assess the thermal discomfort in a Brazilian low-cost house [LCH] during early design. They predicted the degree-hours of discomfort by heat and/or by cold as function of the design parameters changes for three Brazilian cities: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP, and Manaus/AM. This work focused on using the meta-models to evaluate the impact of the parameters related to natural ventilation strategies on thermal performance in LCH. The analyzed Brazilian LCH consisted in a naturally ventilated representative unit developed based on the collected data. The most influential parameters in thermal performance, namely as key design parameters, were building orientation, shading devices positions and sizes, thermal material properties of the walls and roof constructive systems as well as window-to-wall ratios (WWR) and effective window ventilation areas (EWVA). The methodology was divided into: (a) collecting projects of Brazilian LCH, and based on that a base model that was able to represent them was proposed, (b) defining the key design parameters and their ranges, in order to compose the design space to be considered, (c) simulating thermal performance using EnergyPlus coupled with a Monte Carlo framework to randomly sample the design space considered, (d) using the greater part of the simulation results to develop the meta-models, (e)using the remaining portion to validate them, and (f) applying the meta-models in a simple design configuration in order to test their potential as a support design tool. Overall, the meta-models showed R2 values higher than 0.95 for all climates. Except for the regression models to predict discomfort by heat for Curitiba (R2 =0.61) and São Paulo (R2 =0.74). In their application, the models showed consistent predictions for WWR variations, but unexpected patterns for EWVA. / Simulações do desempenho de edificações são ferramentas importantes em todo processo de desenvolvimento do projeto, especialmente nas etapas iniciais. No entanto, barreiras como tempo, custo e conhecimento especializado impedem a implementação de tais ferramentas nos escritórios de arquitetura. A presente pesquisa se propôs a desenvolver modelos de regressão (meta-modelos) para avaliar o desconforto térmico em uma habitação de interesse social [HIS] brasileira. Estes meta - modelos predizem os graus-hora de desconforto por calor ou por frio em função de alterações nos parâmetros de projeto para três cidades brasileiras: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP e Manaus/AM. O foco deste trabalho é o uso dos meta-modelos para avaliar o impacto de parâmetros relacionados com estratégias de ventilação natural no conforto térmico em HIS. A HIS brasileira analisada consistiu em uma unidade representativa, naturalmente ventilada e desenvolvida baseada em dados coletados. Os parâmetros que mais influenciam o conforto térmico, nomeados parâmetroschave de projeto foram: orientação da edificação, posição e tamanho das proteções solares, propriedades térmicas dos sistemas construtivos das paredes e do telhado, assim como, áreas de janela nas fachadas e áreas efetiva de abertura. A metodologia foi dividida em: (a) coleta de projetos de HIS brasileiras que embasaram a proposição de um modelobase que os representassem, (b) definição dos parâmetros chave de projeto e suas faixas de variação, a fim de compor o universo de projeto a ser explorado, (c) simulações térmicas usando o EnergyPlus acoplado com uma ferramenta de Monte Carlo para variar randomicamente o universo de projeto considerado, (d) uso da maior parte dos resultados das simulações para o desenvolvimento dos meta-modelos,(e) uso da porção remanescente para a validação dos meta-modelos e (f) aplicação dos meta-modelos em uma simples configuração de projeto, visando testar o seu potencial como ferramenta de suporte de projeto. De modo geral, os meta-modelos apresentaram R2 superiores a 0,95 para todos os climas, exceto os meta-modelos para predizer desconforto por calor para Curitiba (R2 =0,61) e São Paulo (R2 =0,74). Na fase de aplicação, os modelos mostraram predições consistentes para variações na área de janela na fachada, mas incoerências para variações nas áreas efetiva de abertura.

Building performance simulations [BPS] tools are important in all the design stages, mainly in the early ones. However, some barriers such as time, resources and expertise do not contribute to their implementation in architecture offices. This research aimed to develop regression models (meta-models) to assess the thermal discomfort in a Brazilian low-cost house [LCH] during early design. They predicted the degree-hours of discomfort by heat and/or by cold as function of the design parameters changes for three Brazilian cities: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP, and Manaus/AM. This work focused on using the meta-models to evaluate the impact of the parameters related to natural ventilation strategies on thermal performance in LCH. The analyzed Brazilian LCH consisted in a naturally ventilated representative unit developed based on the collected data. The most influential parameters in thermal performance, namely as key design parameters, were building orientation, shading devices positions and sizes, thermal material properties of the walls and roof constructive systems as well as window-to-wall ratios (WWR) and effective window ventilation areas (EWVA). The methodology was divided into: (a) collecting projects of Brazilian LCH, and based on that a base model that was able to represent them was proposed, (b) defining the key design parameters and their ranges, in order to compose the design space to be considered, (c) simulating thermal performance using EnergyPlus coupled with a Monte Carlo framework to randomly sample the design space considered, (d) using the greater part of the simulation results to develop the meta-models, (e)using the remaining portion to validate them, and (f) applying the meta-models in a simple design configuration in order to test their potential as a support design tool. Overall, the meta-models showed R2 values higher than 0.95 for all climates. Except for the regression models to predict discomfort by heat for Curitiba (R2 =0.61) and São Paulo (R2 =0.74). In their application, the models showed consistent predictions for WWR variations, but unexpected patterns for EWVA. / Simulações do desempenho de edificações são ferramentas importantes em todo processo de desenvolvimento do projeto, especialmente nas etapas iniciais. No entanto, barreiras como tempo, custo e conhecimento especializado impedem a implementação de tais ferramentas nos escritórios de arquitetura. A presente pesquisa se propôs a desenvolver modelos de regressão (meta-modelos) para avaliar o desconforto térmico em uma habitação de interesse social [HIS] brasileira. Estes meta - modelos predizem os graus-hora de desconforto por calor ou por frio em função de alterações nos parâmetros de projeto para três cidades brasileiras: Curitiba/PR, São Paulo/SP e Manaus/AM. O foco deste trabalho é o uso dos meta-modelos para avaliar o impacto de parâmetros relacionados com estratégias de ventilação natural no conforto térmico em HIS. A HIS brasileira analisada consistiu em uma unidade representativa, naturalmente ventilada e desenvolvida baseada em dados coletados. Os parâmetros que mais influenciam o conforto térmico, nomeados parâmetroschave de projeto foram: orientação da edificação, posição e tamanho das proteções solares, propriedades térmicas dos sistemas construtivos das paredes e do telhado, assim como, áreas de janela nas fachadas e áreas efetiva de abertura. A metodologia foi dividida em: (a) coleta de projetos de HIS brasileiras que embasaram a proposição de um modelobase que os representassem, (b) definição dos parâmetros chave de projeto e suas faixas de variação, a fim de compor o universo de projeto a ser explorado, (c) simulações térmicas usando o EnergyPlus acoplado com uma ferramenta de Monte Carlo para variar randomicamente o universo de projeto considerado, (d) uso da maior parte dos resultados das simulações para o desenvolvimento dos meta-modelos,(e) uso da porção remanescente para a validação dos meta-modelos e (f) aplicação dos meta-modelos em uma simples configuração de projeto, visando testar o seu potencial como ferramenta de suporte de projeto. De modo geral, os meta-modelos apresentaram R2 superiores a 0,95 para todos os climas, exceto os meta-modelos para predizer desconforto por calor para Curitiba (R2 =0,61) e São Paulo (R2 =0,74). Na fase de aplicação, os modelos mostraram predições consistentes para variações na área de janela na fachada, mas incoerências para variações nas áreas efetiva de abertura.