Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Sport participation can play a vital role in enhancing life of youth with physical disabilities. This is because of the rehabilitative influence sport can have not only on the physical body but also on rehabilitating people with disability into society. A successful sport programme in which the youth with disabilities are involved should possibly respect youth‟s wishes regarding the preference of the sport. The Review of the literature revealed that little has been documented about the status of disability sport in developing countries. Given the psychosocial and physiological benefits of sport in everyone‟s life, including those with physical disabilities, there is a need for a study to document the status of sport of this sub-population in Rwanda. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the factors associated with sport preferences among youth with physical disabilities in Rwanda. A sequential mixed model design was used to collect data, specifically the sequential explanatory strategy. Data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire and a total number of 204 participants voluntarily answered the questionnaire. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among four (4) NPC staff to collect data regarding the challenges experienced by youth with physical disabilities with regard to sport preferences. The Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 was used for data capturing and data analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize demographic information as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics (chi-square and independent samples t-tests) were used to test the associations between different categorical variables (p<0.05). For the qualitative data, audiotaped interviews were transcribed and translated from Kinyarwanda into English, and the expressed ideas were coded and reduced into subthemes and categories. Thematic analysis was then done under the generated sub-themes. Permission to conduct this study was obtained from the concerned authorities. Ethical issues pertaining to informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality and the right to withdraw from the study were respected in this current study. The results of the current study revealed that the top five sports played by youth with physical disabilities were sit ball, sitting volleyball, volleyball, table tennis and wheelchair basketball. It also showed that youth with physical disabilities were committed to and enjoyed their sport experience. Additionally, they have had strong feelings about their physical abilities. Discouragingly, the results indicated that the youth with physical disabilities have had low perception that their parents were supportive of their participation in sport. The findings further showed that age, gender, use or non-use of mobility aids, and type of impairment influenced the choice of sport. However, there was no statistically significant association between demographic characteristics and some sports codes played in Rwanda. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants reported the challenges experienced by youth with physical disabilities with regard to sport preferences including physical factors (lack of accessible facilities, uneven playgrounds, transport to and from sport fields, resources and limited sporting codes available), social factors (lack of parental support and models) and financial factors (inhibit the implementation of many sport codes, high cost of adaptive equipment) which influence the youth with physical disabilities to choose a sport with sufficient facilities even if they do not like it. Factors that emerged as facilitators for sport preferences include: sport availability, perceived ability to handle a sport, friendship, facilities, improved individual competences, independence in mobility gained, and to take part in international tournaments. Based on the results of this study, and the role of sport in preventing many chronic diseases, it is apparent that there is a need to widen the spectrum of sport opportunities and to create awareness among youth with physical disabilities. Furthermore, there is a need to provide social and a local barrier-free inclusion of various stakeholders in recommending and designing sport programmes for the youth with disabilities. / South Africa

Not participating in physical activities is considered to be a risk factor for the health and well-being of children, especially children with physical disabilities. Nonetheless, children with physical disabilities tend to participate less in physical activities than children without disabilities. The aim of this study was to identify what individual and contextual facilitators are suggested to support the participation of children aged 6 to 18 with physical disabilities in physical activities. A systematic literature review was conducted in four databases. The search was limited to articles written in English, peer reviewed and published between January 2006 and March 2016. A qualitative content analysis with focus on a deductive manifest approach was used to analyze the data. Seven articles were selected for data analysis. Results show that facilitators on an individual level include awareness of health benefits, being motivated, having fun, and social aspects such as meeting friends. Facilitators on a contextual level include support from people in the child’s environment, accessibility, adaptive equipment, modifiable activities, positive attitudes from others, available information, knowledgeable instructors, financial support, and transportation. Occupational therapists need to be aware of the facilitators identified on both individual and contextual level when planning interventions. More research with younger children is needed.

The three studies presented in this dissertation generated new insight about the attitudinal ableism experienced by people with mental illness, substance use, and physical disabilities. First, the purpose of study one was to synthesize existing evidence about the implicit (unconscious) biases toward people with mental illness. Extensive academic database searches were performed and 19 articles were selected for review. Main findings from the review indicated that 63% of the participant samples showed an implicit bias against people with mental illness. Further, the implicit biases were positively correlated with explicit desires for social distance in two studies and were not improved by interventions or prior contact in six studies. Second, the purpose of study two was to investigate potential mediators in the pathway between perceived stigma and internalized stigma among people with substance use disorders. A total of 125 individuals completed the survey packet. Results indicated that overall social support (particularly affectionate social support) and maladaptive coping behaviors were significant mediators of the pathway. Personality characteristics, overall coping behaviors, adaptive coping behaviors, emotional/informational social support, and tangible social support were not significant mediators. Third, the purpose of study three was to validate and expand upon existing research on the microaggressions perceived by people with physical disabilities. The third study was also an initial exploration into the applicability of Glick and Fiske's (1996) theory of ambivalent sexism in conceptualizing ableist microaggressions. Specifically, Glick and Fiske's (1996) theory was used as a framework for conceptualizing ableist microaggressions as examples of ambivalent ableism, characterized by hostility and benevolence toward people with disabilities. Twelve individuals with visible, physical disabilities were interviewed about their microaggressive experiences and the personal impacts of being targets of ableism. Participants' experiences were coded and categorized as representing hostile ableism, benevolent ableism, or impact on the target. Hostile microaggressive experiences included othering, victimizing, and desexualizing; benevolent microaggressive experiences included helping and infantilizing; and impacts on the target included passing/covering and internalizing. Finally, implications related to research, education, and practice for each of the three studies were discussed in the concluding chapter of this dissertation.

This thesis is devoted to integrating disabled children into mainstream schools. The paper focuses on the integration in secondary education. The first part deals with the theoretical knowledge of issues relating to disability, integration, ensuring the integration of the legislative and not a social and financial demands the integration of those affected physically-tion of pupils in mainstream schools. The practical part is devoted to statistical monitoring of individuals with disabilities with a focus on disability. Closer stripped statistics give high school students with physical disabilities. Following are the results of the research in the field of integration in secondary education with a focus on a brief characterization of the integration of pupils in selected schools.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo explorar la transgeneracionalidad en el apego en madres y sus hijos adolescentes con discapacidad física. De esta manera se busca conocer cómo se desarrollan las representaciones de apego en los adolescentes con discapacidad física, centrando el análisis en la trasmisión generacional, manifestado a través de las narrativas de apego de las madres con las abuelas y el impacto de la propia discapacidad. Con este propósito, desde el marco del paradigma cualitativo, se entrevistó a tres diadas madre-hijo adolescente (2 madre-hija y 1 madre-hijo), tomando a la madre como eje articulador de lo transgeneracional. Surgen del análisis temático, tres ejes: La relación madre-abuela, la relación madre-hijo y la relación hijo-madre. Como hallazgo principal se encontró que la transgeneracionalidad en el apego no se encuentra determinada por la discapacidad en sí, o por la representación de apego de la propia madre, sino que consiste en un aspecto multideterminado por la interacción de distintos factores desplegados en lo relacional. Además, la posibilidad de establecer una representación de apego segura en un adolescente con discapacidad se encuentra mediada por la capacidad de su madre de verlo como un sujeto con una mente independiente. / The current investigation aims to explore the transgenerational transmition of attachment on mothers and their teenage children with physical disability. In this manner, it seeks to understand how attachment representations are constructed in adolescents with physical disability. Focusing the analysis mainly in the generational transmission, expressed by the narratives of the mothers with the grandmothers, and the impact of the disability diagnose. With this purpose, from a qualitative paradigm, three mother-adolescent-offspring dyads (2 mother-daughter and 1 mother-son) were interviewed, taking the mother as the articulating axis of the transgenerational aspect. The thematic analysis presents three axes: The mother-grandmother relationship, the mother-offspring relationship and the offspring-mother relationship. The results of the study show that the transgenerational transmission in attachment is not determined by the disability itsfelf nor the mothers’ attachmente representacion, it is multideterminated by the interaction of a series of factors displayed in the relational aspect. Also, the possibility of establishing a secure attachment representation for an adolescent with physical disability is mediated by the capacity of his mother to perceive him as an individual with a mind of his own. / Tesis

Thesis M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo / The research is a qualitative investigation into the challenges experienced by Students with Physical Disabilities (SWPD’s) at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus). The study uses Thematic Content Analysis as both a framework and a mode of data analysis in the study. Interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire were used to investigate the phenomena. Themes found in the data of the present study indicated that disabled students generally find that there is inadequate physical infrastructure which compromises their physical access within the institution. The participants also had to deal with discrimination from peers and staff. Furthermore, participants reported that being provided with proper amenities such as laptops and wheelchairs would help them find the environment less challenging. Educating able-bodied staff and students was also seen as necessary in order to combat discrimination. The poor infrastructure at the university provides many challenges and barriers to the disabled being able to move freely which, at times, leads them to staying in their rooms thus increasing their isolation.

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">The aims of the study were to: (1) explore the education support services required by three learners who were integrated into the mainstream, (2) determine the level of support required by these learners to function maximally in the mainstream, (3) specifically explore the socioemotional ability of these learners to adjust to the mainstream setting. Three cases were explored within an eco-systemic approach. Each case consisted of a learner with a physical disability, the learner&rsquo / s mother and the educator/s who first taught the learner at the mainstream school. Interviews were conducted with all of the participants and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then conducted to extract themes from the transcriptions.</p> </font></p>

Today, sport is a topic that interests and engages many people. However, pursuing sporting activities and being a member of a sports club is not a matter of course for children and adolescents with physical disabilities. The overall aim of this thesis is to study the possibilities offered by interventional sports programmes to children and adolescents with physical disabilities and to describe in what way they can be offered meaningful physical activities as well as active participation in sport clubs, with a view to improving their health and socialisation through sport. The thesis includes three descriptive and one evaluative study. The results of the thesis rest on a combination of methods: practical- empirical experiences based on theoretical reasoning, interviews in line with a method inspired by phenomenography, and data from questionnaires analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics. The results are also based on a variety of data sources i.e. children, young people and parents as well as theory triangulation i.e. socialisation and health. According to the findings, sports programmes offered possibilities to children and adolescents with physical disabilities for improving their health and socialisation. An important component of the sports programmes were sports clubs that offered meaningful physical activities as well as active participation. Guidelines for co-operation in and the organisation of sports programme for children and adolescents with physical disabilities were of great importance and should involve the families as well as sports organisations and local authorities. The children and adolescents regarded sport as a form of social arena to enhance their participation in society and as a means for achieving better health. They also stressed the importance of knowledge and experiencing nature as factors that promote an active and healthy lifestyle. The parents regarded sport as a form of health education and as a means for their children to achieve increased participation in society. The parents also stressed the fact that the learning process was important for empowering the children to influence their life situation. The findings also illustrate the importance of building co-operation between the habilitation centre, sports clubs and families of children with physical disabilities by means of a working team, as well as the importance of the sports movement opening up its activities to children and adolescents with functional disabilities and each sports club appointing a contact person with special responsibility for this target group. Continued external support was regarded as necessary in order to assist the sports clubs in implementing permanent and well-functioning activities in partnership with a personal sport and health counsellor, who advises and supports the children and adolescents to participate in physical activity.

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">The aims of the study were to: (1) explore the education support services required by three learners who were integrated into the mainstream, (2) determine the level of support required by these learners to function maximally in the mainstream, (3) specifically explore the socioemotional ability of these learners to adjust to the mainstream setting. Three cases were explored within an eco-systemic approach. Each case consisted of a learner with a physical disability, the learner&rsquo / s mother and the educator/s who first taught the learner at the mainstream school. Interviews were conducted with all of the participants and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then conducted to extract themes from the transcriptions.</p> </font></p>

Bakalauro darbe analizuojamas fizinės aplinkos pritaikymas asmenims, turintiems judėjimo negalią, Šiaulių mieste. Suformuluotos hipotezės, kad 1) fizinė aplinka prastai pritaikyta, asmenims turintiems judėjimo negalią, nors fizinės aplinkos pritaikymas neįgaliesiems yra reglamentuotas teisiniuose aktuose; 2) tai sąlygoja nevisavertį socialinį dalyvavimą visuomenės gyvenime; 3) fizinės aplinkos pritaikymas aktualus ne vien neįgaliesiems, bet ir kitai visuomenės daliai. Tyrime dalyvavo 202 atsitiktiniai respondentai, 180 - neturintys judėjimo sutrikimų ir 22 - asmenys, turintys judėjimo negalią. Bei ištirta Šiaulių miesto fizinė aplinka (172 objektai), jos prieinamumas asmenims, turintiems judėjimo negalią. Anketinės apklausos metodu tirta, kaip vertinamas fizinės aplinkos prieinamumas Šiaulių mieste. Fiziškai aktyvių asmenų bei asmenų, turinčių judėjimo negalią, anketų atsakymai lyginami su Šiaulių miesto objektų prieinamumo analize. Analizuojant tyrimo duomenis, ieškota ryšio tarp statistikos, įstatyminių bazių ir realaus fizinės aplinkos pritaikymo asmenims, turintiems judėjimo negalią. Tyrimu nustatyta, jog Šiaulių mieste fizinė aplinka prastai pritaikyta asmenims, turintiems judėjimo negalią, kas įtakoja jų socializaciją bei pastangas tapti visaverčiais visuomenės nariais. Pastebėtas ir bendras visuomenės susirūpinimas dėl neįgaliųjų diskriminacijos (akivaizdžiai netinkamai ar visai nepritaikytos fizinės aplinkos), tačiau konkrečių pasiūlymų kaip šias problemas spręsti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The bachelor’s paper deals with adaptation of physical setting for the people with motion disability in Siauliai City. The following hypotheses were formulated: 1) physical setting is poorly adapted for the people with motion disability, though such adaptation is regulated in the legal acts; 2) this predetermines limited social participation in the social life; 3) adaptation of physical setting is urgent both for the disabled and for the rest part of community. 180 random respondents without motion disorders and 22 motion-disabled participated in the study. Physical settings of Siauliai City (172 units), their accessibility for motion-disabled people were explored. Questioning survey was used to analyse evaluation of physical setting accessibility in Siauliai City. In order to find adequacy of evaluation of physical setting of physically healthy and motion-disabled people, their responses were compared with accessibility analysis of the sites of Siauliai City. Research result analysis was used to find a link between statistics, legal bases and actual adaptation of physical setting doe motion-disabled people was looked for. The research showed that physical setting is poorly adapted for motion-disabled people in the city, which means their reduced socialization opportunities. General concern regarding discrimination of the disabled was noticed; however there were no specific suggestions on how to solve the problems received. The third hypothesis partially corroborated:... [to full text]