ABSTRACT       Authors:                                 Nikki Lindgren and Claes Lindgren   Professor:                               Stig Sörling   Title:                                       Marketing’s Evolution as an Economic Development Strategy: A Washington County, Utah Case Study   Background:                          Economic development has been a priority of areas for some time. In the mid-1980s, economic policies and marketing practices joined forces. During this time, cities, regions, states and countries began a clear shift from narrow economic development views to a broader set of strategies to attract new and maintain old businesses, boost tourism, attract investors and expand overseas trade. Today, places have increased their use of highly sophisticated marketing strategies aimed at building competitive markets while targeting specific buyers and positioning the community’s resources to respond to specialized buyer needs and desires.   Aim and Purpose:                 The purpose of the study is twofold: first, to explore how place marketing fits into general marketing efforts and secondly, to provide insights into what factors influence the success of places. Three questions were developed to assist in the direction of the research and to assist in gaining practical and tactical insights obtainable through a case study analysis.   Methodology:                         Theoretical and empirical data is provided and analyzed using the actor’s approach. Primary data is collected via direct observations, email, phone interviews and open dialogues. Secondary data is collected via Internet, magazines and newspapers and meeting notes to provide further depth and to elaborate upon the theoretical findings.   Results:                                   We expect the study to highlight important phenomena that occur when viewing place marketing as a general marketing effort. We also expect to uncover practical “success factor” insights into place marketing from which civic and private entities can learn.

Sylvia Plath’s poetry has received considerable critical attention with respect to a wide range of themes and critical approaches. Variously labeled feminist, political, mythical and suicidal, Plath has been subject to enormous biographical scrutiny but the critical responses available today offer increasingly nuanced understandings of Plath’s work.  However, sufficient attention has not been given to the significant prevalence of images of places and spaces in Plath’s poetry. With particular focus on a selection of poems from The Collected Poems, this thesis argues that the personae in the poems confront “infelicitous places” and that the poems resonate with a tension between place (here referring to a space that is delimited by certain values) and space (in the sense of an expansion without the restrictions of place). What I here refer to as infelicitous place can be understood as an inversion of Gaston Bachelard’s conception of “felicitous space” and accounts for the way in which places in Plath’s poetry are marred with anxiety and ambivalence as opposed to Bachelard’s benevolent, protective spaces. The places and spaces in the poems are dealt with in relation to the notion of infelicitous place, as well as the significance of walls and the affinity between place and poetics.

Turismen i Kalmar har ökat de senaste åren, men hamnar till synes i skymundan av Öland och Glasriket. Hur får man besökare att få upp ögonen för Kalmar som primära resmålet och hur får man dem att stanna? Vi har i denna uppsats intresserat oss för att ta reda på hur ett starkt platsvarumärke skapas och vad som således krävs för att bli en framgångsrik destination, samt hur man kan använda sig av platsmarknadsföring för att nå ut med platsvarumärket till potentiella målgrupper.

The purpose of this study was to explore how volunteers engaged in natural-area based projects develop attachments to the resource and act as stewards for these resources. The context of this study was the National Park Service's All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) project. This project recruits citizen scientist volunteers to go out into the field with scientists to help collect and catalogue species in the park in an attempt to generate an all inclusive species inventory. Using data collected during indepth interviews and notes taken from participant observations, this study found ATBI participants' motivations to volunteer in the project were multifaceted and included (a) an attachment to the park, (b) an attachment to specific species, (c) the social bonds to other volunteers, (d) the bioblitz experience itself, (e) and/or the opportunity to learn about the natural environment. Analysis of the data also found volunteer informants had personal, well defined meanings attached to the resource prior to the inception of the ATBI project. Through participation in the ATBI project, however, the resource was experienced in a new way, with new meanings emerging while other established meanings were refined. It was found that these established, emerging, and refined meanings formed the foundation of the informants' attachments to the ATBI resource(s), which in turn became the basis for their stewardship of their respective parks, as well as feelings of stewardship for natural areas beyond park boundaries.

The study aims to develop the theory of inbetween place. The inbetweens have been important elements in architectural design as transitional and reconciling realms. Architecture of place and its theories has been dominated the environmental design as place-making. However, the inbetween environments have not been clarified in significant, living place-forms for interval embodiment and systemic relationships between juxtaposing places. Through inbetween places, domains in juxtaposition will be comprehensively integrated as the whole. By a triangulation from three standpoints—phenomenological, embodied realism, and neo-structuralism—through case studies, the intrinsic characteristics and underlying essence of inbetween modes of place is identified. The study argues that inbetween places present themselves as living forms of connectedness, embodied presence, and significant pauses. Distinctive inbetween presences of place emerge from three frameworks—synthesized presence of place and the inbetweens, embodied presence of the inbetweens, and presence of inbetween “Significant Forms.” On presence of place and the inbetweens, inbetween places reflect living forms of intervals as interconnecting mediums between neighboring places. As an interval place, inbetween places, based on embodied presence, can be defined as distinct body of junctions by organized complexity of edges. According to Langer’s term “Significant Form” of place, inbetween places convey the symbolic presence of associative, edging layers that clarify differences and spatial relations between environmental juxtapositions. From a framework triangulation, inbetween places manifest complex interval domains of associative junctions as fundamental composite presences of: 1) defined inbetween containments; 2) active edging junctions or layers of juxtaposition; and 3) associative layers with places in juxtaposition. The essential quality of concrete, interrelating junctions between places separates inbetween places from inbetween placeless-ness. Inbetween places are intermediary domains creating vital and aesthetic links between places in juxtaposition; on the other hand, inbetween placeless-ness is deprived of a significant place of meaningful interactions with nearby realms. Thus, inbetween places turn out to be critical domains to develop comprehensive relationships between juxtaposing places, drawing different domains nearby to be bonded through the presence of adaptive, edging layers of places.

During last few years, place marketing becomes a major task of many mayors and county magistrates when they get their policies moving. The goal is to strengthen the policies statement, promote the whole image of locality, reputation and the power of competition in order to strive for the electors¡¦ support. However, each county is implementing different methods to reach their goal. Some of the counties give the priority to the tourism promotion, while some counties choose to attract the business investment instead. Pingtung County is the one of the counties which focuses on the tourism promotion to market places. Due to the promotion of the Pingtung Blue Fin Tuna Cultural Festival, the blue fin tuna is well-known in Taiwan now. Also Kenting Wind-bell Feast skillfully made good use of the winter tempest to blow the ding dong sound of the wind-bell which is famous to all areas over Taiwan now and bring thousands tourists to Kenting during the winter time. Pingtung County is the sample of this study and the researcher searched and collected information from the newspapers to know the frequency and contents of the report about the Pingtung Blue Fin Tuna Cultural Festival, Kenting Wind-bell Feast and Pingtung Peninsula Arts Festival. Also in this study, the undertaker of the festivals, local resident, shop owner, journalist and tourists were interviewed in order to understand their opinions about these three festivals. The purpose of this study is through all of these information were collected to analyze how these three festivals impacted the promotion of the Pingtung¡¦s reputation and place-marketing, also to discuss if the experiences of Pingtung County can be applied in other counties. And the result of this study shows: 1. The festival indeed to bring the tourists and push forward the local construct, promote the local reputation and image. It¡¦s a good way to bring the profits in economy and settle a sound foundation for place marketing. 2. The main reason for the success of the Pingtung County¡¦s festivals is all the festival activities design or the marketing strategies were very creative and considerate, not only considered the need of the tourists, sponsors but also the journalists. The festival organizations¡¦ strategies of forming an alliance with different businesses were also the key to the success. Another factor was the professional team work and experiences transition.

Project (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Project (Dept. of Gerontology) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

The thesis looks at the origin and development of Lancashire dialect literature between the publication of John Collier's ('Tim Bobbin') A View of the Lancashire Dialect in 1746, and the death of Allen Clarke ('Teddy Ashton') in 1935. The thesis is partly chronological, paying particular attention to the largely unexplored period of dialect writing between the 1890s and the 1930s, which suggests that earlier assessments of dialect literature need revision. The period before the First World War witnessed the development of a dialect literature closely linked to the labour movement in Lancashire, and contributed to the development of a distinctive socialist culture. For a time at least, dialect literature escaped from the middle class patronage which characterised it in the 1850s and 1860s, aided by the existence of an independent, Lancashire-based, press. Dialect literature was never a pure, unadulterated 'voice of the people', and it was used both by middle and working class social forces to support rival value systems. An argument in dialect suggested a practical, common sense, wisdom, regardless of the actual message. Dialect poetry was used by different writers to support imperialist adventures, Irish home rule, left-wing socialism, and to oppose strikes, women's suffrage, and restrictions on access to the countryside. The literature represented divisions within the working class, as well as attempts from the middle class to influence it. Differing class and political standpoints were, on occasions, transcended by a wider regional consciousness in which dialect had a prominent place. Particular themes within dialect literature are explored, contributing to current debates on class, identity, and gender. The treatment of women, war and imperialism, work, and the 'Cotton Famine' of 1861-4 are examined in separate chapters. Selfcriticism, and defences of dialect writing, are looked at in Chapter 6 on "Defending Dialect".

This study attempts to analyse the process of translation and to explore its phases (Analysis, Transfer, Synthesis ) and its related aspects. Translation theory is usually addressed as if languages alone were at stake. In contrast to most studies on transaltion, this study is devoted to analysing the process of translation rather than to a comparative analysis of two languages. The study is set up on the basis of communication theory in general, and draws upon various linguistic theories and other language—related disciplines such as psycholinguistics, semiotics, etc. The basic suggestion posited is that translation should be viewed as a special case of communication process. Four models of the translation process are presented and discussed. All were found to be inadequate in representing the process as a whole (in its entirety). Thus, a more comprehensive representation of the process of translation which takes into consideration various factors is proposed. The representation proposed describes the process of translation as a complex network of operations based on linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It is argued that the main issue in translation theory should not be whether to translate literally or freely but how we can achieve an optimum translation which is the approach taken in this study. It is also hoped that this study may be of benefit to those interested in teaching translation and training would —be translators. It is also recognized that further research is required in the area of the mental processes involved in translation. The motivation for this study is the need felt for clarifying and describing the process of translation in order to improve the quality of translation and to design consequently an adequate syllabus for teaching translation.

My work attempts to enrich physical place through the creation of virtual layers that enable users to understand their contexts more meaningfully. The intention is to address the practices of spatial and information design as the same design problem, thus acknowledging the simultaneity of contemporary lifestyles. This report summarizes my explorations in graduate school to develop a methodology, which combines the use of physical and virtual components to enable the design of meaningful places. / text