Inledning Under många år har det varit svårt för fotbollsklubbarna i allsvenskan att locka publik till sina matcher och de senaste 10 åren har det dessutom byggts nya arenor med större publikkapacitet. För att attrahera fler åskådare till fotbollsmatcherna är marknadsföring en viktig del där problematiken ligger i att det är flera delar som behöver samordnas. Syfte Syftet med studien har varit att kartlägga och beskriva hur fotbollsklubbarna arbetar med olika marknadsföringsstrategier för att locka mer publik till matcherna. Studien grundas på de lag som spelar på fotbollsarenor som byggts eller renoverats de senaste tio åren. Metod Genom relevanta vägval har studiens frågeställning kunnat besvaras. Det genom insamling av material i form av teoretiskt material från litteraturen och genom intervjuer. Studien har utgått från en hermeneutisk forskningsprocess för att tolka det insamlade materialet. Slutsats Fotbollsklubbarna i studien använder sig på något sätt av alla de marknadsföringsstrategier som har presenterats. Det behövs dock läggas mer arbete på att få en bättre balans mellan dem för att kunna skapa en framgångsrik marknadsföring. Lyckas de få en liten höjning av publikantalet kan det i slutändan hjälpa då folk lockar folk.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how a rural muncipality with negative population growth promotes year-round residency. Using Lysekil municipality as an example, this study aims to investigate both the consequences of a declining year-round population, and how the municipality encourages population growth in the Commune. Of course, this is an extremely broad subject which can be approached from many angles. With this in mind, areas such as urbanization, attractiveness and place-marketing were scrutinized in detail. Using qualitative research (and empirical data) from various literature, as well as semi-structured interviews with employees of Lysekil municipality, the study revealed that a declining year-round population resulted in declining tax revenue. This tax shortage could lead to the municipality becoming unable to offer services that meet the expectations of the local population. However, the study also revealed that Lysekil municipality has great potential to achieve the population growth it desires. This can be accomplished by appropriate investments into attractive living situations as well as effective communications in the shape of the local internet and public transportation. For Lysekil municipality to become a year-round vivid municipality would require several measures, alongside investment, in both outer and inner factors.

Over the last three decades, within the context of globalisation and intensified inter-urban competition, we have observed the growing use of market-centred strategy such as ‘marketing or branding places’. Despite the worsening of the economic situation since the 2008 global financial crisis, the overall trend of expansion of place marketing based on marketing science keeps going further in many cities in South Korea. Why does this phenomenon happen? How can we interpret it at this time? What does this mean for the cities and their residents? In order to answer these questions, this thesis attempts to understand the process of place marketing projects, and analyse how they were politically formed and what their actual effects were for residents. In addition, it develops a critical understanding of the evolution of urban place marketing projects from the political perspective in Gwangju, South Korea: the Gwangju Biennale, the Asian Culture Complex, the Dome Baseball Stadium, the Urban Folly, and the Gwangju Universiade 2015. Through a nation-wide Korean expert survey and a case study of Gwangju, this research shows that Korean place marketing shares common trends with Western cities as well as having some specifically Korean characteristics. In particular, it tries to reveal the evolving nature of Korean place marketing by employing a combination of multi-scalar and cultural politics approaches. The thesis concludes that some Korean cities such as Gwangju have moved toward neo-liberalisation by employing entrepreneurial strategies of place marketing.

A Masters dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of the Master of Commerce (Marketing) in The School of Economic and Business Sciences, at the University of the Witwatersrand. DECEMBER 2015 / Tourism has become one of the most significant export sectors in many developing countries and is purported to be the most viable and sustainable economic option, and in some of these (developing) nations, the main source of foreign exchange returns. It is therefore incumbent on destinations to effectively differentiate themselves especially when considering the increasingly competitive nature of tourism markets and an environment where many places that present similar features are becoming substitutionable. Contemporary urban development literature stresses the significance of place branding as an asset in the effective differentiation and positioning of places. It is noted that while many sources viewed the three main target markets for place branding as companies, visitors and residents, the role of the resident was limited to passive beneficiary as opposed to one of active engagement. Given the pervasion of the “staycation” and the concurrent rise in popularity of the Braamfontein Precinct, this paper will investigate the influence that place branding has had on the region’s perceived image by those within the precinct. Self-administered structured surveys were distributed electronically and using the street-intercept method to individuals aged 18 – 35, who were in the Braamfontein Precinct. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were examined. Path Modeling, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were also carried out in order to further analyse the data. The findings with regard to presented city brand, city brand equity and city brand meaning having a positive relationship with city brand image were both supported and significant at a 5% level of confidence. The findings with regard to city brand awareness having a positive relationship with city brand image were insignificant and consequently rejected. The study presents that investment in the presented city brand that goes beyond marketing communications to include city brand properties such as facilities, scenery, heritage and transport (amongst other amenities) will result in a favourable city brand image. It is also important that regional managers do not take a unilateral approach on deciding on a brand meaning but rather a consultative one that will result in involvement and ultimately investment from the various stakeholders. Additionally, the generation of curiosity and interest in the city brand is vital to encouraging customer involvement with the precinct. Digital marketing tools can be employed in this regard; online and search advertising can be used to raise awareness. Finally, social media can be used for customer generated content, allowing for both participation on the consumers’ part and insights on the part of the regional management. This allows for engagement with consumers and provides branding opportunities for the region. / MT2017

This thesis explores the political use of branding in international relations by focusing on the branding exercises of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the State of Qatar over the last two decades. In most of the existing literature, branding is theorised as a representational and instrumental practice that is strategically used to increase a country's competitive edge. Adopting a critical constructivist lens to the study of International Relations (IR), this thesis challenges this reading and argues instead that branding is a productive and inherently political practice that (re)produces dominant interpretations of state-identity rather than merely describing them. Based on the core constructivist claim that much of politics revolves around the competition to give meaning to the world, this thesis argues that the version of the state promoted through branding is neither neutral nor brand new, but inherently politicised and tied to the conversation and legitimation of the incumbent political regime. Inspired by the ongoing practice turn in IR, the starting point for the analysis is a focus on the display of the state through a range of everyday practices long ignored by IR scholars. In particular, it focuses on how the political leadership in both Kazakhstan and Qatar has used the urban development of their capital cities, the hosting of international sports events, and the construction of 'world-class' universities to present new ideas about their state to various inter/national audiences. Using an original data corpus of multimodal primary and secondary material, the analysis traces how branding practices produce and normalise a certain interpretation of Kazakhstani and Qatari statehood, and then interrogates how we can understand this interpretation as politicised and tied to the interests of the regime. The goal of the analysis is twofold. First, this thesis aims to elucidate how relevant instances of state- branding unfold and travel across different empirical contexts (Kazakhstan and Qatar) and cases (urban development, sports and education). Second, it aims to push current scholarly understandings by (re)conceptualising branding as a genre of contemporary identity politics, and produce broader insights about the characteristics and mechanisms of this increasingly normalised - yet often as politically non-salient dismissed - practice of international relations.

They leave everything behind in the Netherlands;friends, family, jobs and careers in order to start a new life in what theycall the land of opportunities, namely Sweden. Here, in the county ofVärmland in a little, rural town named Hagfors they see a chance to a brighterfuture and the possibility of accomplishing a better quality of life. They wantto buy houses, start companies and explore a new way of life in this land ofpromises. While people are migrating from the Netherlands, inhabitants ofHagfors are moving out to big, urban cities that can offer more possibilities.This is the reality for many rural areas like Hagfors, they lose populationthrough out-migration. Despite the negative population trend, the municipalityregains some of its lost inhabitants through the international migration fromlarge Dutch cities. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the practiceof place marketing has been used by Hagfors municipality in order to attractnew inhabitants from the Netherlands. Which place marketingstrategies have been utilized by Hagfors, how can the effect of theseapproaches be measured and how is the Hagfors brand perceived by the Dutch immigrants?These are the research questions that have been answered through qualitativeinterviews with municipal employees and Dutch immigrants. The results implythat Hagfors have marketed themselves through the internet and the EmigrationExpo in Utrecht but these strategies have not had any effect on the immigrants’motives for moving to the area. Instead of actively tryingto receive more immigrants to the area Hagfors municipality should invest timeand money on the Dutchmen who are already living in the area.The conclusion that Hagfors has not developed a brand platform has preventedthe Dutch immigrants from creating a uniform image of the brand.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-118). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Queensland University of Technology, 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Oct. 9, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-269).

In convention market, one of the fastest growing sectors in hospitality industry, meeting planners play an important role to select a destination for their event. Therefore, a good relationship with them can be a competitive advantage for a convention destination considering a fierce competition among the destinations. The objective of this study is to develop an empirically valid relationship marketing (RM) model that would verify the antecedents, mediators, and consequence of the relationship between the destination marketing organization (DMO) and meeting planners. This study found three antecedents (i.e., customer orientation, familiarity, and reputation) of the RM mediating constructs that consist of satisfaction, trust, and commitment as well as consequence (i.e. behavioral intention) led by the RM mediators based on review of the literature. Therefore, the hypothesized relationships 1) between the antecedents and the mediators, 2) between the mediators, 3) and 3) between the mediators and the consequence in the model were tested by using structural equation modeling (SEM) with LISREL results. Eight out of eleven hypotheses were supported by the examination of path coefficients while 33 observed indicators were confirmed in the measurement model through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The SEM results showed the significant relationships that lead to meaningful implications in both industry and academia while this study is not immune to limitations that can be the starting points of recommendations for future studies

<p>Svenska högskolor spenderar allt mer pengar på marknadsföring som används i arbetet med att attrahera studenter. Konkurrensen om studenterna är hård högskolorna emellan och resurser satsas på marknadsföring för att överleva i kampen om studenterna. Som i all marknadsföring bör den egna produkten särskiljas från konkurrenter och numera är det inte endast program och kurser som ägnas uppmärksamhet. Staden och dess attraktioner där den aktuella högskolan är belägen får idag en plats i den marknadsföring som sker.</p><p>Högskolan i Jönköping presenterar Jönköping som stad i sin programkatalog med presumtiva studenter som målgrupp. Det förefaller oss som studenter vid Högskolan i Jönköping intressant att undersöka den bild som sprids av vår stad i programkatalogen. Vårt syfte är därmed att konkretisera en profil utifrån programkatalogens innehåll samt att undersöka huruvida denna profil överensstämmer med inflyttade studenters bild av Jönköping, det vill säga stadens image.</p><p>Då det fokuseras på tolkning för att nå en ökad förståelse inom området utgår vi från en kvalitativ ansats och använder en sympatisk tolkningsstrategi samt arbetar i samklang med den hermeneutiska cirkeln. Syftet kräver en process av analyser och undersökningar som bryts ned i fyra frågeställningar. Genom dessa når vi följande: en konkretisering av en profil utifrån det innehåll som Högskolan i Jönköping använder i sin programkatalog 08/09, en konkretisering av Jönköpings image, en avstämning av profil och image med den faktiska verkligheten samt förhållandet mellan profil och image. Någon liknande undersökning har tidigare inte genomförts vilket gör vår undersökning relevant för att nå en förståelse för hur profilen förhåller sig till imagen.</p><p>Resultatet ger en klar och aktuell bild av hur profil och image förhåller sig till varandra. Det framträder att Högskolan i Jönköping presenterar relevanta områden för studenten om Jönköping. Framträdande i undersökningen är att de konkreta exempel som ges i profilen till stor del är irrelevanta för studenten. Exemplen är formade efter en alltför vid målgrupp och stämmer inte överens med studentens bild av vad de olika områdena innefattar. Detta framträdande resultat bidrar till rekommendationer om hur innehållet i programkatalogen kan förbättras. Undersökningen är till nytta för informations- och marknadsföringsavdelningen vid Högskolan i Jönköping att ta del av i arbetet med sin marknadsföring för att sprida en sanningsenlig profil som överensstämmer med studenters bild av Jönköping.</p>