O presente trabalho procura contemplar a representação da figura que tradicionalmente conhecemos pelo nome de ortônimo, dentro da obra de Fernando Pessoa. Segundo os mais recentes estudos sobre o assunto, esse sujeito tem, na ficção heteronímica, um estatuto semelhante ao de Caeiro, Campos ou Reis. Nossa hipótese vai no sentido contrário e defende que, diferentemente dessas três personagens, o ortônimo é portador de uma dupla natureza compartilhando, ao mesmo tempo, o estatuto de autor e personagem. Para explicar como isso se dá fazemos uma análise dividida em duas partes. Na primeira, nos detemos na prosa de Pessoa, procurando delimitar o papel do ortônimo dentro da ficção heteronímica. Na segunda, fazemos um estudo comparativo entre certos aspectos da poesia heteronímica e ortonímica, procurando mostrar como estatuto do eu que fala nessa última se afasta do mundo ideal dos heterônimos para figurar uma experiência literária que, em última instância, propõe uma reflexão a respeito do papel do autor dentro da obra. / This thesis contemplates the representation of the orthonym in Fernando Pessoa´s poetic work. Recent studies defend the idea that it should have, in Pessoa´s fiction, the same status as the others heteronyms, Caeiro, Reis e Campos. We, however, disagree with that approach. Instead, we believe that the orthonym has a double status and can be understood also as a representation of the author in Pessoa´s work. In order to explain how this is possible, we make an analysis in two parts. First, we study Pessoa´s prose, trying to understand what is the orthonimic´s role in the heteronimic´s fiction. Then we make a comparative study of certain aspects of Pessoa´s poetry. Doing so, we intent to show that, while the heteronyms are represented as pure literary beings, the orthonym depicts the author´s literary experience.

A urbanização da Capitania de Goiás esteve na dependência direta da política centralizadora de ocupação colonial portuguesa do século XVIII, particularmente no que se refere à expansão e legitimação do território além do meridiano de Tordesilhas e ao descobrimento de importantes pontos mineratórios localizados na região central do Brasil. A consolidação dessa política e, conseqüentemente, da ocupação de Goiás, coube ao colonizador que, colocando-se a serviço da averiguação de míticos imaginários, utilizou os recursos de uma cartografia em crescente desenvolvimento desde o século XVI e que lhe permitiram comutar imprecisas informações e relatos em cálculos exatos e ter uma real visualização do novo espaço. Com essas ações, formaram-se na Capitania mais de cinqüenta núcleos urbanos, segundo uma tradicional concepção do urbanismo português, que previa a realização de levantamentos topográficos e o uso de mapas feitos por sertanistas, engenheiros militares e governadores que, juntos, se responsabilizaram pela organização e desenho do território. Outras formas estratégicas de ocupação territorial também foram adotadas por Portugal, tais como a criação da prelazia e de paróquias, a abertura de caminhos, a adoção do sistema sesmarial, a fundação da capital e o incentivo às atividades mineratórias e agropastoris. Para a efetiva posse do território goiano, a Coroa lusa implantou também normas indigenistas e incentivou a construção de aldeamentos desde a primeira metade do século XVIII, os quais, embora sem a perfeição de traçado alcançada no período pombalino, foram concebidos a partir de praças centrais, retangulares ou quadradas, inscritas em malhas previstas, cujas características garantiram a continuidade de uma tradição portuguesa de desenho urbano erudito e regular, que se baseava em princípios matemáticos e geométricos. / The urbanization of the Captainship of Goiás founds its explanations in a group of factors that are related to the Portuguese centralizing politics of colonial occupation in the 18th century, particularly those that are referred to the expansion and legitimating of the territory beyond the Tordesilhas meridian, and to the discovering of important mining spots localized in the central region of Brazil. The consolidation of the politics and, consequently, of the occupation of Goiás, was carried by the colonizer, which, with the access to a cartography that had been developed since the 16th century, set to the purpose of the checking imaginary myths, transforming inaccurate information and reports into exact calculation and a real visualization of the new space. With these actions it was created on the Captainship more than fifty urban clusters, following a traditional conception of the Portuguese urbanism, with topographic studies and maps made by peasants, military engineers and governors which together were responsible to the organization and the mapping of the territory. Another strategic ways of territorial occupation were also implemented by Portugal, such as: the creation of the prelature, of the parishes, the opening of colonial ways, the adoption of the sesmarial system, the foundation of the capital and the stimulation of the mining and agricultural activities. Due to the possession effectiveness of the territory, the Portuguese crown also implemented Indian regulations and stimulated the construction of villages since the first half of the 18th century, which, even though, without the perfect drawing reached on the Pombalin period, were conceived with rectangular or squared central squares, inscribed into predicted streets, which it characteristics guaranteed the continuity of a Portuguese tradition of erudite and regular urban drawing that was based on mathematical and geometrical principles.

Orientador: Mary Aizawa Kato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MedeirosJunior_Paulo_D.pdf: 1794629 bytes, checksum: f52cea3c69b8c0f5d4faa3e344140a04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa o fenômeno das orações relativas livres em português do Brasil, debatendo, à luz da teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros, em sua versão conhecida como Programa Minimalista, (tal como proposto em Chomsky (1995) e trabalhos subsequentes), questões referentes à sintaxe, semântica e à evolução da estrutura desse tipo de sentença na história do PB. A análise dos dados mostrou que relativas livres em PB são construções do tipo DP em posição argumental e PP em posição não-argumental, derivadas via movimento de sintagma-Wh e são, nessa língua, sujeitas 100% ao chamado efeito de compatibilidade (Matching effect). Entende-se que a derivação de relativas livres envolva uma operação complexa de incorporação de núcleos funcionais (C0 e D0 diretamente implicados no processo de relativização) ¿ tal como proposto em Medeiros Junior 2005 ¿, a qual se reflete na morfologia do sintagma-Wh que integra esse tipo de construção. Tal operação de confluência de núcleos funcionais está, nos termos do que aqui se propõe, diretamente relacionada à presença de um sufixo -ever nulo que, adentrando a numeração da sentença, não pode ficar "desgarrado" (cf. Lasnik 1995). Com base em análise translinguística quanto ao comportamento das relativas livres com -ever em línguas como o inglês, o basco, o persa, o norueguês e o árabe moderno, e considerando que algumas restrições sintáticas encontradas nessas línguas são também verificados no PB, o que se propõe-se aqui é que toda relativa livre do português seja um relativa livre do tipo wh-ever, com um sufixo nulo. Entende-se que esse fato esteja diretamente ligado à interpretação essencialmente maximalizante/universal para relativas livres do PB, considerando a possibilidade de se associar o composto quer que ao wh dessas estruturas. Toma-se como análise alternativa a esta a hipótese aventada em Ott (2011), constituída com base no panorama de Fases do Programa Minimalista, segundo a qual o fato de relativas livres em sua derivação apresentarem, em dado momento, a estrutura de um CP e a forma final DP se deve ao fato de que o DP wh adjungido a CP se projete na estrutura, resultando na constituição final dessas sentenças. A análise histórica, baseada na teoria de pistas sintáticas de David Lightfoot, revelou que, no português clássico, relativas livres apresentam-se com duas estruturas básicas, uma que chamamos relativa semilivre, com uma preposição intervindo entre o determinante "o" e o relativizador "que", e outra em que o que e quem alternam-se livremente. Em face da redução da ocorrência da preposição interveniente, um processo de reanálise faz novas gerações de falantes convergirem massivamente para a segunda estrutura em detrimento da primeira, o que também se propõe alternativamente, pelas características da mudança, se tratar de um processo de gramaticalização nos termos de Roberts e Roussou (2003) / Abstract: This thesis concerns the phenomenon of the Free Relatives (FR) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), discussing ¿ throughout the Principles and Parameters theory in its version known as the Minimalist Program (as set by Chomsky (1995) and following works) ¿ issues on the derivation of the syntactic structure, the semantics and historical evolution of this kind of sentence in BP. Analyzed data revealed that Brazilian Portuguese FR must be understood as DP structures in argument position and PPs in A' positions, derived via Wh-movement along with the fact that in BP those sentences are a hundred percent subject to the so called matching effect, supposed to affect FRs in general. The derivation of a FR is supposed to involve a complex head incorporation process (just as proposed by Medeiros Junior2005) throughout which the C0 and the D0 heads strictly implicated in relativization constitute one single head, as a reflex of the morphology of the wh-expression integrating these structures. This head incorporation process is said to be straightly related to the presence of a null suffix of the type -ever, which ¿ entering the derivation ¿ could not be unconnected (stray in Lasnik¿s (1995) terms). Based on a cross linguistic analysis of the behavior of FRs with -ever in languages as Basque, English, Norwegian, and Modern Arabic, and considering the fact that some of the syntactic restrictions observed in those languages are also found in Brazilian Portuguese, I propose here that every FR in BP is understood as a WH-ever FR with a null suffix. This is supposed to be directly connected to the necessity of interpreting the wh-phrase in a FR as a maximalizing element (with a preferential universal reading). An alternative analysis for the present one is found out in Ott (2011), which ¿ based on the Phase Program in Minimalist perspectives ¿ proposes that throughout its derivation, a FR show up in some moment a CP structure and reach the final form of a DP, and this is due to the fact that the adjoined wh-DP projects itself in the structure (instead of the host). The diachronic analysis, based on David Lightfoot¿s syntactic cues theory, showed that in Classic Portuguese FRs exhibited two basic structures: one called Semi-free Relative, containing mostly an intervening preposition between the determiner "o" and the relativizer "que", and another one in which o que and quem alternate freely. In face of the reduction of the intervening preposition, a reanalysis process conducted new generations to converge massively to the second structure, despite the first. Considering the characteristics of the syntactic change, one could also propose a process of grammaticalization in the terms of Roberts & Roussou (2003) / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é melhor entender a crítica de traduções na teoria e na prática. Para isso, ela apresenta os modelos de avaliação de tradução propostos por Katharina Reiss, Juliane House e Antoine Berman e, a seguir, analisa as críticas de tradução literária publicadas na coluna Versão Brasileira da revista Língua Portuguesa. A fim de enriquecer o estudo proposto, são rapidamente descritas algumas críticas de tradução literária publicadas no Brasil anteriormente à revista. Os comentários de Gabriel Perissé, autor de Versão Brasileira, discutem questões tradutórias e indicam que esse tipo de crítica pode ser realizado com qualidade no contexto jornalístico, apesar das limitações de espaço e tempo. As críticas da coluna atendem em vários aspectos as orientações teóricas que funcionam como parâmetro para a análise; além disso, são inovadoras na medida em que convidam o leitor a participar das críticas desenvolvidas em cada coluna. / [en] This thesis aims at better understanding translation criticism in theory and practice. In order to achieve this goal, it presents the translation evaluation models developed by Katharina Reiss, Juliane House and Antoine Berman and, afterwards, it analyses the literary translation critiques that are published in the column Versão Brasileira by Língua Portuguesa magazine. To enrich the proposed study some literary critiques that were published in Brazil before the magazine are briefly described. Commentaries written by Gabriel Perissé, author of Versão Brasileira, discuss translation issues and indicate that this kind of criticism can be done with quality in the journalistic environment, in spite of time and space limitations. The critiques in the column answer several aspects from the theoretical guidelines that have worked as the analysis parameters; besides this, they are innovative in so far as they invite the reader to participate in the criticism developed in each column.

This thesis focuses on the production and perception of ten English vowels (/i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, ʌ, ɑ, o, ʊ, u/) by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) living in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The participants consisted of 14 native speakers of BP (divided into intermediate and advanced second language (L2) English proficiency groups), plus six native speakers of Canadian English (CE) as control participants. Four experiments were carried out: two pertaining to production and two pertaining to perception. The production tasks consisted of CE and BP wordlist reading tasks in order to measure the duration and first two formants of the participants’ vowels, while the perception tasks consisted of an identification task and an oddity-discrimination task. With regards to production, this thesis investigates how the participants’ productions of the L2 vowels differ between the experimental and control groups with respect to their formant frequencies and the Euclidean distances (EDs) between various English vowel pairs. Similarly, the participants’ perceptual abilities, as measured by their performance on the perception tests, are examined. Finally, the connection between perception and production is investigated. The findings indicate (a) a positive effect of proficiency, as the advanced participants showed a greater ability to both produce and perceive the L2 vowels, but that (b) participants of both proficiency levels have difficulty in contrasting certain English vowel pairs in a native-like fashion. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence of a connection between perception and production, and show that perception outperforms production, as predicted by the Speech Learning Model (Flege, 1995, 2005). Finally, the findings indicate a possible positive effect of environment (i.e., an English-speaking country) when compared to previous studies (Bion et al., 2006, Rauber, 2006). Pedagogical implications of these findings are also discussed. / Graduate

Influential bodies of work in language acquisition studies single out heritage bilingualism as a discrete acquisition process within the bilingualism continuum. In regards to the acquisition of WH-/QU- interrogatives containing prepositional phrases (PP), the present study examined whether heritage speakers (HS) of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) produce preposition stranding (P-stranding) constructions in their heritage language, in contrast to monolingual and adult speakers of BP, where prepositions are pied-piped to form the interrogative. Participants were HS of BP born in the USA and in Brazil, monolinguals, and late bilingual adults. The experiment consisted of an elicited production task and a grammaticality judgment task, both carried out in BP and then in English. Results showed that HS born in the USA use P-stranding in QU- interrogatives productively and systematically, in contrast to the other three groups. Moreover, no evidence of protracted acquisition was found in this group. No signs of attrition were detected among bilinguals.

The goal of this dissertation is to explore the use of transgressive language in the works of Juan Goytisolo and Zoé Valdés. This study examines the socio-political and cultural contexts in which the narrative of both authors develops, as well as the textual devices employed by these writers for undermining the "official history" imposed by the dictatorial regimes in Francoist Spain and Castro's Cuba. Furthermore, this dissertation argues that the deconstructing strategies in Goytisolo and Valdés mark their literary trajectory. Their vindicatory standpoints seek an alternative discourse of national identity. The function of language in demythifying and recodifying hegemonic discourse is examined in Goytisolo's trilogy Señas de identidad, Reivindicación del conde don Julián, and Juan sin tierra; and the novels of Zoé Valdés La nada cotidiana and Te di la vida entera. The parallelisms in the literary works of Goytisolo and Valdés are established by contrasting the authors' revisionist approach to history, the self-reflexivity of their novels, the sexual referent, and the use of irony and parody. The theoretical framework incorporates poststructuralist theorists such as Todorov, Foucault, Lacan, Barthes, Derrida, and Kristeva; the psychoanalytical theory of Freud; and the feminist theories of Cixous and Irigaray. The comparative approach of this study and the interplay of power, politics, aesthetic creation, and author's psychology provide an illuminating perspective that could be of interest to individuals from a variety of disciplines.

This dissertation analyzes the relationship between several mystic Sephardic texts called the Kabalah which include the three basic mystic books of Judaism: Sefer Yetsira, Sefer Bahir, and Sefer Zohar, and Argentine writer of Jewish descent, Marcos Ricardo Barnatan´s experimental work. The premise is that several mystic Sephardic texts have certain literary characteristics that make them fertile sources for the inspiration of writers like Barnatan. This thesis proves that Barnatan’s poetry and his first novel El Laberinto De Sion both use the most general concepts of the Kabalah in developing his literary and artistic creations. This study is focuses on the concept that there exists a possibility of reading kabalistic texts not only in an exegetical way, but also in a poetic way. Barnatan’s literature is prone to this kind of reading of the texts. He creates a surprisingly expressive structure without ties to established models. This expressive structure is built on a vast amount of symbols, which results from this freedom. Barnatan adopts multiple symbols from cosmogenic theories and makes use of them, thus incorporating both the spirit and style of kabalistic texts into his own work. Instead of addressing some of the main concerns of Kabbalistic study and its commentary, Barnatan avoids the concern for Law, the study of the Torah and its commentaries, while avoiding the use of the Hebrew language. For this reason Barnatan is too deviant to be considered an extension from the mainstream Kabbalistic commentary. Barnatan’s work is destined for a reader who cannot only understand his experimental methods, but who can also assemble a disjointed text while accepting a fundamental instability of space and time.

Female sexuality has commonly been viewed as the passive counterpart of male sexuality. Building upon Adrienne Rich's theory of compulsive heterosexuality, I would suggest that the fundamental location of this problem lies within the subconscious. Cristina Escofet's stance on this issue is to argue in favor of a deconstruction of Jungian archetypes, revealing their constructed rather than intrinsic character. In this dissertation, I study representative texts by Escofet and Isabel Allende and show not only how they depict patriarchal compulsive heterosexuality, but also try to reconceptualize female sexuality through surrealist and postmodern techniques such as self-reflection, dialogue with our double or Other, and sensorial perception. These techniques are designed to create a new epistemology of jouissance and excess, as defined by contemporary French theory. The significance of my study resides in the interdisciplinary analysis of female sexuality in Hispanic feminist writers. The first chapter proposes that surrealism, postmodernism, and feminism are theoretical frameworks which create new paradigms for social change. In their feminist philosophies, Escofet and Allende emphasize the use of subconscious knowledge as a means of helping them understand the world and create alternative realities. The second chapter shows how Escofet and Allende deconstruct the mysoginist archetype of Eve, which has been largely responsible for identifying women's sexual identity with the disreputable qualities of the femme fatale and whose mirror-image has long plagued women. In accordance with this stereotype, Lillith (Adam's sexually active ex-partner), has typically been portrayed as the negative Other, and for generations the she-devil myth which surrounds her has resurfaced in the media, where she assumes the role of innumerable evil female characters. In the third chapter, I examine how class and race differences have been used to intensify the demonization of different types of sexuality. In the same manner as Lillith and Eve, black and indigenous characters express dissent by retelling their stories in words and performance, and by seeking to form a dialog with their readers. The last chapter deals with the importance of the senses for female characters as they try to create their own sexuality from the fragmented bodies we find in surrealist and postmodern art. In this section we shall see how Luce Irigaray and Hélène Cixous's theories about multiple sexualities are in evidence when Escofet and Allende reconceptualize female sexuality. As no previous scholarship has analyzed the use of the subconscious, the senses, and performance when understanding female sexuality in Latin American literature, this dissertation seeks to provide a tentative exploration of the issues that may help to open up a new field of research in Hispanic feminist cultural studies.

Orientador: Edson Françozo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Godoy_MahayanaCristina_D.pdf: 4933990 bytes, checksum: c592273bb1019af254798b4a660fb45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Tradicionalmente, o estudo do processamento das expressões pronominais sempre partiu do pressuposto de que o processador, ao ser confrontado com um pronome, inicia uma busca imediata por um antecedente. Esse ponto de vista guiou boa parte dos vários estudos sobre pronomes singulares (e.g., Arnold et al., 2000; Sturt, 2003) e, também, os poucos estudos feitos sobre o processamento de pronomes plurais (e.g., Oakhill et al., 1992). Nesse trabalho, apresentamos casos de pronomes plurais não-anafóricos que desafiam essa visão incremental, como em "Alice gostava de comer carne, e eles faziam uma picanha suculenta na churrascaria do Leblon". Nesse caso, só é possível alcançar a referência do pronome plural ao final da sentença, quando se chega à expressão "churrascaria do Leblon". Esses casos nos levam a questionar (i) se pronomes plurais, assim como os singulares, se ligam imediatamente a um antecedente provido pelo contexto; (ii) se o processamento de pronomes plurais depende de um antecedente explícito ou inferível no contexto para que possa ocorrer sem custos cognitivos adicionais. Em um primeiro experimento de leitura feito por meio de rastreamento ocular, testamos com que rapidez pronomes plurais e singulares constroem uma relação correferencial com um antecedente explícito no contexto anterior. Os resultados indicam que pronomes singulares estabelecem uma relação imediata de correferência, e a revogação essa relação implica custo cognitivo comparativamente a contextos em que a correferência é mantida. Pronomes plurais, por outro lado, parecem não se ligar de imediato com seu suposto antecedente, o que faz com que situações de revogação de correferência não resultem em um custo adicional de processamento. Em um segundo experimento, testamos quão necessários são esses antecedentes para que pronomes plurais e singulares sejam lidos sem custo adicional. Pronomes singulares que não tinham um antecedente explícito no contexto anterior levaram a um maior tempo de leitura do que pronomes singulares que mantinham relação de correferência com um antecedente. Por outro lado, pronomes plurais sem antecedente não foram cognitivamente mais custosos em comparação a pronomes plurais que contavam com um antecedente explícito no contexto. Levando em conta os processos de resolução pronominal, concluímos que nossos resultados não corroboram o pressuposto de que pronomes plurais e singulares sigam a mesma estratégia de resolução. Como pronomes plurais tendem a depender de informações apresentadas posteriormente no texto, sua resolução pode ser adiada sem acarretar custo processual. Além disso, como nossos dados sugerem que pronomes plurais podem permanecer sem resolução por um período de tempo, os resultados descritos parecem indicar que o processamento linguístico pode se pautar por representações superficiais do input linguístico em algumas situações específicas / Abstract: The study of pronoun resolution has traditionally relied on the presupposition that the parser starts searching for an antecedent as soon as it is confronted with a pronoun. This view has guided most of the large amount of work on the processing of singular pronouns (e.g. Arnold et al., 2000; Sturt, 2003) as well as the scarce work that has been done on the resolution of plural pronouns (e.g., Oakhill et al., 1992). Here, we study some occurrences of plural pronouns that seem to defy such an incremental view, as in "Alice used to eat beef everyday, and they usually prepared a delicious New York strip at the steakhouse". In this text, a referent for the plural pronoun "they" is inferred through the locative "at the steakhouse", but it is not until the end of the sentence that the reader has this information. These observations raise the questions of (i) whether plural pronouns create an immediate co-referential relation with a possible antecedent and (ii) whether processing plural pronouns really requires an antecedent by the time these expressions are read. In an eye-tracker experiment, we tested how quickly singular and plural pronouns build a co-referential link with a referent that was explicit in a previous sentence. Our results show that singular pronouns are immediately read as co-referential to their antecedent, and canceling this co-reference evokes a greater cost in comparison to situations in which the co-reference is kept through the whole sentence. On the other hand, plural pronouns does not seem to create such an immediate relation with its supposed antecedent, and canceling the co-reference does not result in extra processing cost. In a self-paced reading task, we tested how crucial it was for the processing of plural and singular pronouns that these expressions had an antecedent. Singular pronouns with no antecedent showed greater reading times in comparison to pronouns that had an antecedent. Reading times for plural pronouns were the same regardless of the presence of an antecedent. From the perspective of pronoun processing, we can conclude that the results described above do not fit the presupposition that singular and plural pronoun processing follow the same resolution strategy. Because plural pronouns may depend on information presented later in the discourse, its resolution may be delayed without causing extra processing cost. Furthermore, because our data suggest that plural pronouns may continue unresolved, these results may also be interpreted as evidence that language processing, in specific situations, may rely on superficial representations of discourse structure / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutora em Linguística