The aim of this investigation was to assess if there was a correlation between touch avoidance and hierarchical position, perceived degradation, number of years spent in jail and age amongst men at a correctional institution. In addition, a possible correlation between hierarchical position and the amount of perceived degrading treatment was also explored. In the collection of the data a questionnaire containing 27 open and closed answer alternatives was utilized. A multiple regressional analysis was conducted to find possible correlations between touch avoidance and the other underlying variables. Also an independent t-test explored the possible effects of the control variables: place of birth and girlfriend. A correlational analysis was applied to investigate the other two control variables: physical and psychological abuse during childhood. An oneway-ANOVA-test was used to investigate the possible correlation between hierarchical position and the amount of perceived degrading treatment. The results of the study showed that a high amount of degrading treatment, a low hierarchical position and the longer the time served correlated with a high degree of touch avoidance. Age proved to have no correlation with touch avoidance, which is contrary to previous research. Regarding the inmates’ hierarchical position and the amount of perceived degrading treatment, a negative correlation was found; the higher hierarchical position an inmate had, the smaller was the amount of degrading treatment he was subjected to. Keywords: Touch avoidance, hierarchies, degrading treatment, inmates, prison

<p>The aim of this investigation was to assess if there was a correlation between touch avoidance and hierarchical position, perceived degradation, number of years spent in jail and age amongst men at a correctional institution. In addition, a possible correlation between hierarchical position and the amount of perceived degrading treatment was also explored. In the collection of the data a questionnaire containing 27 open and closed answer alternatives was utilized. A multiple regressional analysis was conducted to find possible correlations between touch avoidance and the other underlying variables. Also an independent t-test explored the possible effects of the control variables: place of birth and girlfriend. A correlational analysis was applied to investigate the other two control variables: physical and psychological abuse during childhood. An oneway-ANOVA-test was used to investigate the possible correlation between hierarchical position and the amount of perceived degrading treatment. The results of the study showed that a high amount of degrading treatment, a low hierarchical position and the longer the time served correlated with a high degree of touch avoidance. Age proved to have no correlation with touch avoidance, which is contrary to previous research. Regarding the inmates’ hierarchical position and the amount of perceived degrading treatment, a negative correlation was found; the higher hierarchical position an inmate had, the smaller was the amount of degrading treatment he was subjected to.</p><p>Keywords: Touch avoidance, hierarchies, degrading treatment, inmates, prison</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

It is widely known that Aboriginal men and women are overrepresented in the Canadian prison system. A long history of colonial violence and its contemporary manifestations has placed a disproportionate number of Canadian Aboriginal peoples at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale. In many ways, Canadian prisons have become the means through which society has chosen to respond to this history. Examining Indigenous men’s experiences and creative writing in a provincial correctional institution provides an opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of how these men consider and respond to the very real impact colonialism has on their lives. Through participant interviews I analyze the Inspired Minds: All Nations Creative Writing program at Saskatoon Correctional Centre and the way in which it has informed, challenged and changed participant experiences and relationships. Indigenous masculinity and transformative learning theory are utilized to better understand and interpret the experiences of program participants. Indigenous masculinity presents a lens which highlights how their lives have been impacted and shaped through community experiences with ongoing colonialism. Further it allows for a nuanced understanding of how heteropatriarchal masculinity is reinforced and perpetuated within the prison and how the classroom works to challenge these representations. Transformative learning theory allows for a deep understanding of the way in which the prison classroom can challenge the above norms by providing a contested learning environment. Inspired Minds: All Nations Creative Writing provides evidence that arts and education based programs can challenge the toxic, hegemonically masculine institution of the prison by creating a classroom space wherein participants are able to become active learners through the utilization of transformative learning principles.

Texas’ prison population has grown rapidly over the last twenty years, tripling in size from 45,000 prisoners to more than 150,000 today. This report looks at ways to reduce the prison population by changing policies affecting odds of a prisoner’s release. Often, advocates focus on sentencing reform. Yet, with nearly all prisoners returning to society after serving time in prison, the release side of the prison system should be given due attention. With policy considerations of cost, public safety, racial disparity, and impact on communities, this paper looks at how policies can be adjusted to reduce the prison population using the many “back-end” policy levers that are available. Specific recommendations include giving drug offenders slightly greater odds at release and making a concerted effort to reduce the racial disparity in prison release practices. / text

published_or_final_version / Criminology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) disproportionately affects the prison population. Studies demonstrate that healthcare provider knowledge of HCV risk factors is insufficient and many individuals are not aware that they are HCV positive. Early identification of HCV status can prompt early treatment and avoidance of complications that contribute to poor outcomes resulting in chronic disease progression. This doctor of nursing practice (DNP) project addresses provider identification of HCV risk factors at initial inmate intake to prison and whether providers obtained HCV testing based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The principal investigator (PI) conducted a retrospective medical record review at Arizona State Prison Complex (ASPC) Lewis focusing on initial inmate intake forms identifying two of the CDC risk factors for HCV: drug abuse and tattoos; and ascertaining if a providers ordered a HCV test if inmates had one or both of these risk factors. The PI reviewed 51 randomly selected medical records; 40 records met inclusion criteria of 1) inmates who had an initial inmate intake evaluation occurring from 1 October 2013 to 1 October 2014 and 2) documentation of positive HCV risk factors. Analysis of the records showed a mean inmate age of 26.78 years with a variable racial distribution. The risk factor of tattooing was present in 37 (92.5%) of records reviewed and the risk factor of intravenous drug use (IVDU) was present in 7 (17.5%). Only 4 (10%) records of inmates with positive risk factors had a HCV test ordered by the provider: One physician (n=2) and one nurse practitioner (n=2). This project demonstrated a gap in HCV testing in the presence of risk factors in the inmate population at ASPC Lewis which is consistent with studies in the general population. This study does not identify any reasons for this consistency, but raises questions for future studies focused on provider knowledge, education and the institution of HCV testing protocols. This DNP project provides the foundation for a future full quality improvement Plan-Do-Study-Act based project aimed at educating providers about HCV testing according to CDC (2013a) guidelines and subsequently re-evaluating their HCV test ordering practices.

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