Introducción: Perú tiene una gran población carcelaria de aproximadamente setenta y seis mil ciento ochenta internos (76 180). Las principales morbilidades de esta población son una alta prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas como el cáncer, la diabetes, la hipertensión, la enfermedad pulmonar crónica, la ansiedad y la depresión. La falta de actividad física durante el encarcelamiento es uno de los principales factores de riesgo que aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar o empeorar los síntomas de estas enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de práctica deportiva según el autorreporte de enfermedades crónicas de la población penitenciaria del Perú. Materiales y método: Estudio de tipo trasversal , diseño analítico con base secundaria del primer Censo Nacional Penitenciario realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) 2016. Resultado: Las enfermedades crónicas como pulmonares, la diabetes, la ansiedad, el cáncer, la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la depresión se asociaron estadísticamente con la actividad física (p <0,001). El modelo de Poisson ajustado mostró que los reclusos que se autorreportan enfermedades pulmonares crónicas, diabetes, HTA y cáncer se asociaron con una menor probabilidad de practicar deportes. Sin embargo, los reclusos que se auto-reportaron depresión se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de practicar deportes. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades crónicas autorreportadas se asociaron con la falta de práctica deportiva. Es muy importante implementar programas de salud que promuevan actividades deportivas de acuerdo con la situación de salud de los internos. / Introduction: Peru has a large prison population of roughly seventy-six thousand and one hundred eighty inmates (76 180). The mains morbidities of this population is a high prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, anxiety, and depression. The lack of physical activity during imprisonment is one of the main risk factors that increase the risk of developing or worsening the symptoms of these chronic diseases. Objective: To compare sports practicing prevalence and the self-reporting of chronic diseases among the prison population in Peru. Materials and Method: We did a cross-sectional study using the first National Prison Census database (2016) of the National Institute of Statistics and Information, and we performed a Poisson regression model to determine the factors associated with sports practice. Results: Chronic diseases such as pulmonary failures, diabetes, anxiety, cancer, high blood pressure (HBP) and depression were statistically associated with physical activity (p< 0,001). The adjusted Poisson model showed that inmates that self-report with depression who self-report chronic pulmonary diseases, diabetes, HBP and cancer were associated with less probability of practicing sports. However, inmates who self-report depression were associated with more probability of practicing sports. Conclusion: Self-reporting chronic diseases were associated with lack of practice sports. It is very important to implement health programs that promote sports activities according to inmates health situation. / Tesis

Dual-diagnosed female offenders (DDFOs) present direct care providers with complex psychosocial needs and challenges that result in a serious lack of motivation to attain, sustain, and continue treatment after release from prison. Unsuccessful treatment of DDFOs represents a significant public health and safety risk including continuing criminal acts, increased health care costs, accidents related to substance abuse, and poor reintegration. Through in-depth semistructured interviews with direct care providers, this phenomenological study's focus was on examining the motivational facilitators associated with treatment adherence, barriers to treatment adherence, and approaches for enhancing treatment motivation. Nine major themes emerged from this research, including the importance of an empathetic approach and a strong therapeutic alliance as motivational facilitators; lack of insight and acceptance of the need for treatment, lack of resiliency, and the role of external system factors in barriers to treatment adherence; and using an empathetic approach, building rapport, instilling hope, and avoiding confrontation as approaches for enhancing treatment motivation. These findings may inform theory and practice related to the treatment of DDFOs in U.S. prisons. These findings contribute to social change by identifying outcomes related to treatment attendance, continuity of care, and completion and may help reduce recidivism associated with DDFOs, decrease costs of care, and lower public risks such as accidents related to substance use. The study provides reference points that may inform recommendations to state correctional departments regarding effective programming strategies for DDFOs.

Parenthood is a role that shapes the lives of parents and children. According to the sociology of families and marriages, criminology, and the sociology of punishment, the most alienated individuals in unequal America practice parenthood in fragile families struggling with poverty, the code of the street, and under correctional supervision. In attempts to connect and contribute to these literatures, this research project examines how individuals' delinquent/criminal role performance on the street stage and client/inmate role performance on the correctional stage influence their parent role performance on the home stage. To do so, this qualitative study collected 57 semi-structured interviews (12 mothers and 45 fathers) and analyzes participants' parent role, delinquent/criminal role, and client/inmate role. The findings suggest that a cross-generational role conflict shapes participants' parent role performance throughout their life course. Although conflicting roles (roles with conflicting expectations) can coexist in the self, limited resources (time, energy, and money) and problematic boundaries (weak or impenetrable) between social situations bring role conflict to the center of role performance. In this case, the role conflict between participants' ideal parent role on the home stage, delinquent/criminal role on the street stage, and client/inmate role on the correctional stage shapes participants' parent role performance throughout their life course.

acase@tulane.edu / 1 / Joseph E Hiller

Throughout history the penal system has been viewed as the paramount means of dealing with criminals, though its function has transformed throughout time. It has served as a pit for detaining suspected criminals, a home for the vagrant, an institution for the insane, a dreaded place of repute, quarters for cleansing and renewal, and an establishment of cataloged charges. The trials and transformations of history have developed and shaped the institution that we recognize today. Presently, the United States prison population far exceeds that of any other country in the world. The political climate, tough on crime policies, determinate sentencing, and increasing cost of prisons have significantly increased numbers of various offenders in prisons and generated lengthy prison sentences; creating a proliferating annual prison population and a depletion of resources. As a result, this practice of essentially cataloging mass amounts of inmates appears to have resulted in a system whose practices, financial situation, depleting amount of resources and ultimately the inability achieve rehabilitation has resulted in a system accomplishing only incapacitation. However, other nations have created prison models that appear more successful, managing to lower prison populations while simultaneously lower crime rates. Comparing the United States to the Netherlands and Germany, countries that have been successful in these to lower prison populations while simultaneously lower crime rates, provides an opportunity for uncovering potential advantageous practices.

The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of threats and violence within a Swedish penal institution. The study was thematized according to the three main research questions. These were as follows; The threats and violence prison staff have experienced in their workplace (I) how these experiences affected them in their work performances (II) and in their private life (III). By a qualitative design, in-depth interviews were carried out with four persons who are, or formerly have been, gainfully employed at a penal institution. Concepts from the theory of symbolic interactionism and a theory of human action have been used in the analysing process of this paper. The study showed that all respondents had experiences of threats and/or violence as well as been witnessing the phenomenon. This also showed to be something that had been affecting them in their work e.g. by changes of departments, sick leaves and a different treatment of offenders through avoiding certain inmates and situations. The respondents exposure of threats and violence was related to understaffing and management structure. The study further showed that the respondents were affected in their private life in terms of a changed outlook on people, mood changes and also through a blunting concerning fear.

This thesis explores the structure and delivery of education programs to justice-involved adults in Canadian federal prisons and in the community. A series of semi-structured interviews as well as three volumes of the Journal for Prisoners on Prisons were analyzed using a qualitative approach to determine whether or not principles of adult education and components of performative space are present in current correctional education strategies. The findings suggest that while there are occurrences of both elements in the education that is provided to prisoners, the programs in the community are much more reflective of these adult learning standards. This project highlights the need for research into the area of adult correctional education, increased collaboration between the fields of criminology and education, and provides a framework from which future research can continue.

This thesis focuses on the guidelines that university governing bodies have adopted in order to regulate the actions of its student population and the factors that influenced their decisions. The evaluation of these guidelines is not a judicial analysis, but an analysis of the rhetorical aspects associated with the guidelines. The thesis contends that the current rhetoric of diversity on American college campuses, while drafted with the best of intentions, fails due to the limitations that it places on its students, the morality argument in which it draws strength, and the increase in differences, not acceptance, that it creates. The research utilizes specific examples of problems that are a direct result of University diversity policies and how they create a prison like structure in which those attending the University must adhere to the uncontested rules of the authority.

Cette recherche se penche sur les effets de la gestion répressive actuelle à l'égard des jeunes de la rue à Montréal, menant de plus en plus à des séjours d'incarcération, souvent pour des motifs non criminels tels que le défaut de paiement d'amende. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de comprendre les effets que l'expérience carcérale peut avoir sur la construction identitaire de ces jeunes. Cette recherche qualitative est basée sur 10 entretiens semi-directifs centrés sur l'expérience carcérale de jeunes vivant ou ayant vécu la rue pendant une période d'au moins six mois. Tous les répondants ont fait un séjour ou plus en prison, d'au minimum un mois, pour des motifs relatifs à leur vie de rue. Un questionnaire rempli par l'ensemble des répondants a complété la collecte de données. Notre hypothèse est que l'expérience carcérale a un impact sur la construction identitaire du jeune de la rue qui est amené à se repositionner sur le plan identitaire afin d'arriver à concilier de manière plus satisfaisante ses besoins de reconnaissance sociale et d'accomplissement personnel et de parvenir le plus possible à une consonance existentielle. Notre analyse s'appuie principalement sur la théorie de la gestion relationnelle de soi de Bajoit (1997, 2000, 2003, 2004) et sur les travaux de Chantraine (2004), Kokoreff (2004) ainsi qu'Otero, Poupart et Spielvogel (2004). Elle a permis de voir comment les transformations identitaires varient selon le rapport de l'individu à sa détention, allant du maintien de l'identité pré-incarcération au repositionnement identitaire majeur. Trois types de rapports ont été identifiés chez les répondants: l'incarcération inéluctable, marquée par une routine d'enfermement et la vie de rue; l'incarcération parenthèse, marquée par une toxicomanie enveloppante et la prostitution; et l'incarcération bifurcation, marquée par un changement de mode de vie ou de « carrière ». Enfin, des effets sur d'autres plans que l'identité ont été relevés dans les récits des répondants. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Jeune de la rue, Incarcération, Prison, Construction identitaire, Identité.

The growth in the number of black women in the prison system necessitates more research become rooted in an intersectional approach. This quantitative study will empirically apply intersectionality to address the unique circumstances of imprisoned black women by comparing and analyzing sentence convictions shared between black and white incarcerated women in Georgia. Drawing on 600 inmate profiles published by Georgia Department of Corrections, this study will address the statistical significance of race, class and gender on the length of sentence for incarcerated white and black women using regression models.