Bakgrund: Forskning har visat att både brottsligheten och psykisk ohälsa ökar i samhället. Psykisk ohälsa är också vanligt förekommande i fängelset, där fängelsemiljön kan medföra socialt stigma, isolering och osäkerhet som i sin tur kan påverka välbefinnandet negativt. Syfte: Att belysa hur fängelsemiljön påverkar den psykiska hälsan utifrån de intagnas erfarenheter. Metod: Litteraturöversikt användes som metod och fyra systematiska sökningar genomfördes i databaserna APA Psykinfo och Cinahl, vilket resulterade i att nio artiklar hittades till resultatet. Ytterligare en artikel hittades genom en sekundär osystematisk sökning och inkluderades i resultatet. Litteraturen analyserades sedan med hjälp av Aveyards tematiska analysmodell. Resultat: Analysen identifierade tre teman och sju subteman som bildade resultatet. Det visade sig att de intagna hade både negativa och positiva erfarenheter av fängelsemiljön och dess påverkan på den psykiska hälsan. Vikten av att personalen hade ett etiskt förhållningssätt och använde sin makt på rätt sätt framkom också.Slutsats: Att fängelsemiljön, som inkluderade både den psykosociala, andliga och fysiska miljön, kunde ha både en positiv och negativ inverkan på den psykiska hälsan, men majoriteten av erfarenheterna av fängelsemiljön var negativa. / Background: Research has shown that both crime rates and mental health issues are increasing in society. Mental health problems are also commonly found in prisons, where the prison environment can lead to social stigma, isolation, and uncertainty, which in turn can negatively affect mental health. Aim: To illuminate how the prison environment affects mental health based on the experiences of the inmates.Method: A literature review was used as the method, with four systematic searches conducted in the databases APA PsycInfo and CINAHL, resulting in nine articles being included in the review. An additional article was found through a secondary unsystematic search and was included in the results. The literature was then analyzed using Aveyard's thematic analysis model. Results: The analysis identified three themes and seven subthemes that formed the results. It was found that inmates had both negative and positive experiences of the prison environment and its impact on mental health. The importance of the staff having an ethical approach and using their power correctly also emerged.Conclusion: The prison environment, including both the psychosocial, spiritual, and physical aspects, could have both positive and negative effects on mental health, but the majority of experiences of the prison environment were negative.

The Setting The Captives Free Program (STCFP) is a spiritually based transformational entrepreneurial program whose goal is to help returning citizens discover, through God, a greater self-worth and purpose after prison. Using the theology of the Imago Dei, the curriculum helps them develop the three areas of the Imago Dei, the substantive, functional, and relational parts of themselves. As a means of becoming financially self-sustaining and applying their newfound freedom and post-carceral identity toward positive purposes, students are taught how to become entrepreneurs who own and operate their own small businesses. This not only reinforces their new identity but provides a practical, real-life option for economic stability and independence, with the hope of reducing recidivism one person at a time. This thesis surveys the historical and social context of mass incarceration and recidivism, establishes the theological foundations for the STCFP focusing on the Imago Dei and the Kavod (the glory of God’s divinity), and outlines the practical details of the STCFP curriculum.

Employees desire performance feedback which helps them understand what they are doing well, what they are doing wrong, and how to develop so that they can advance in their careers. Yet, many comment that they do not receive enough performance feedback to help them understand if they are being successful in their work or where they can improve. In this qualitative study, I pursued the question of what might prevent supervisors from providing performance feedback to their direct reports by interviewing a group of front-line supervisors and their wardens in two Midwest Prisons. My goal was to identify what the supervisor participants believed performance feedback was, how they understood and explained their personal feedback delivery practices, and how they learned to deliver feedback. My research methodology involved three stages of data collection, including collecting a range of documents from the prison system, one-on-one interviews with the two wardens who led the two prisons involved in the study, and one-on-one interviews with 16 Sergeants. I leveraged Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle (ELC) as the theoretical lens of this study. As Kolb (2014) explains, every time an individual has an experience, they have the opportunity to learn from that experience. I was curious to understand if a group of supervisors in a correctional work environment learned how to deliver and improve upon their performance feedback practices through the on-going delivery of feedback. Through the data analysis process, I found that both Warden participants deeply valued performance feedback as a teaching method and see it as an important method supervisors can utilize to enhance Correction Officer (CO) growth and development. Additionally, I found that the majority of supervisor participants (15/16) believed and understood delivery of performance feedback to COs to be a function of their rank, while a slightly smaller majority (10/16) explained it as a responsibility of their rank. Further, I found that the supervisor participants naturally employed a comprehensive range of performance feedback best practices including being positive and supportive (14/16), providing praise for work done well (13/16), correcting poor performance or incorrect understanding of policy or procedure (12/16), and conducting the feedback exchange as a conversation (10/16). Finally, I found that the supervisors’ beliefs and understandings of how they learned to provide performance feedback align with Kolb’s ELC. A majority (13/16) of the supervisor participants explained that they learned to deliver performance feedback through experience (having an experience, ELC first mode) in the supervisory role, while half of the supervisor participants (8/16) described how they learned to deliver performance feedback to Correction Officers (COs) through reflecting on prior experience (reflecting on experience, ELC second mode). Several of the supervisor participants (5/16) explained how they thought through and planned (Abstract Conceptualization, ELC third mode) their feedback conversations with COs, while a small minority (2/16) of the participants spoke to their practice of experimenting with new approaches when delivering performance feedback (Active Experimentation, ELC fourth mode) to COs. I close my study by offering recommendations based on the findings to front-line supervisors, wardens, and to trainers and educators working within correctional organizations.

Yes / This chapter examines competition and collusion among criminal justice institutions and non-state actors in imprisonment in prisons in Brazil to analyse how both formal and informal dispositions and practices have created and sustain the mass incarceration that is a pre-condition for extensive prisoner self-governance. The chapter thus looks from the outside-in, examining how relationships between extra-mural institutions have created and sustained such an enormous prison population in Brazil. It also analyses these institutions and organisations as intra-mural actors that, through their action or inaction, exercise a key role in shaping the carceral experience for inmates. It highlights the competition between the different actors involved in the penal arena for control of the carceral space and of prisoners, driven by a variety of motives – rent-seeking, moral/philosophical, and territorial.

No description available.

With the expansion of the use of private prisons and detention centres worldwide and the increasing involvement of private actors in the provision of custodial services, this doctoral thesis considers life inside two private prisons in England. Using theoretically informed ethnography it evaluates the effect of responsibility on men imprisoned in two private prisons in England. Firstly, it briefly reviews the background and development of prison privatisation in England and Wales and considers the role and place of private prisons as part of a wider neo-liberal shift. Secondly, using qualitative data gathered inside two private prisons, it evaluates if these prisons, through their regimes, are trying to create responsible self-governing prisoners. The thesis reviews both, how regimes and practices in place in these two prisons attempt to forge responsible prisoners, and how individual men and groups of prisoners experience, feel about, cope with and assimilate penal messages of self-governance and responsibility. Finally, it questions both the impact of responsible prisoners for prisons and the impact of responsibility on prisoners and argues that, whilst there is a benefit to fostering environments in which prisoners are enabled to become responsible and self-governing, a careful balance must be maintained, as for some men the responsibility itself becomes characteristic of the "pain of imprisonment".

<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors attityder till fängelsevistelsen. Forskning kring kvinnors kriminalitet och fängelsevistelse är mycket bristfällig både internationellt och nationellt. Tidigare forskning utgår främst ifrån män och deras kriminalitet, vilket blivit normgivande för synen på brottslingar och kriminalvårdens uppbyggnad. Studien inriktades på kvinnliga interners attityd till fängelsemiljö, kommunikation och upplevelse av stämpling under fängelsevistelsen. 256 interner var vid tillfället placerade på olika anstalter i Sverige. Alla erbjöds delta enligt etiska rådets principer. Enkäter med frågor och påståenden på en 5-gradig ordinalskala skickades till samtliga anstalter, varav 76 ifyllda enkäter returnerades. Svaren skiljde sig åt beroende på anstalt och om man befann sig på en öppen eller sluten avdelning. Slutresultaten visade att flertalet hade en relativt positiv attityd till fängelsevistelsen.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to examine women’s attitudes to their stay in prison. Research about women and crime is insufficient, both nationally and internationally. Previous research concentrates on men and their crimes, and this has created the standard within the correctional system. The current study concentrates on women’s attitudes to the prison environment, communication and the experiences of conspiracies. 256 Swedish female inmates were in prison at the time the study was in progress. Each of them was invited to participate in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Council. Questionnaires with statements and questions using a five-point ordinal-scale were sent out to all prisons resulting in the return of 76 questionnaires. The results differed depending on the institution where the prison sentences were served and whether or not it was a high- or low security prison. The final result revealed that women in Swedish penal institutions have a relatively positive attitude to their imprisonment.</p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors attityder till fängelsevistelsen. Forskning kring kvinnors kriminalitet och fängelsevistelse är mycket bristfällig både internationellt och nationellt. Tidigare forskning utgår främst ifrån män och deras kriminalitet, vilket blivit normgivande för synen på brottslingar och kriminalvårdens uppbyggnad. Studien inriktades på kvinnliga interners attityd till fängelsemiljö, kommunikation och upplevelse av stämpling under fängelsevistelsen. 256 interner var vid tillfället placerade på olika anstalter i Sverige. Alla erbjöds delta enligt etiska rådets principer. Enkäter med frågor och påståenden på en 5-gradig ordinalskala skickades till samtliga anstalter, varav 76 ifyllda enkäter returnerades. Svaren skiljde sig åt beroende på anstalt och om man befann sig på en öppen eller sluten avdelning. Slutresultaten visade att flertalet hade en relativt positiv attityd till fängelsevistelsen. / The aim of this study was to examine women’s attitudes to their stay in prison. Research about women and crime is insufficient, both nationally and internationally. Previous research concentrates on men and their crimes, and this has created the standard within the correctional system. The current study concentrates on women’s attitudes to the prison environment, communication and the experiences of conspiracies. 256 Swedish female inmates were in prison at the time the study was in progress. Each of them was invited to participate in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Council. Questionnaires with statements and questions using a five-point ordinal-scale were sent out to all prisons resulting in the return of 76 questionnaires. The results differed depending on the institution where the prison sentences were served and whether or not it was a high- or low security prison. The final result revealed that women in Swedish penal institutions have a relatively positive attitude to their imprisonment.

The profile of the Czech Prison Service Journal This thesis concerns prison service. In the theoretical part, there is a history and contemporary state of the execution of prison service in the Czech Republic and the Prison Service of the Czech Republic which is in charge of the execution. This part contains information about a transformation of the Czech prison system and the modern trends that exist in prison service. There is also information about the possibilities of public relation activities of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic. It highlights the crucial role of the media in public relations activities of these institutions and organisations. At the end of the theoretical part, there are descriptions of the projects regarding public relations that have already been implemented by the Prison Service of the Czech Republic. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to monitor the development of The Journal of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic, the Czech Prison Service Journal, regarding its content and its formal or technical site. Quantitative research was used to reach the main aim, which involved the method of analysis of products, as well as the technique of content analysis. It was discovered during this research that the Journal has significantly changed its content structure of published articles and its graphic representation during the last fourteen years of its existence. Besides professional articles that have been published, the Journal concerns itself more and more with current events within the prison service. It appears to be the goal of this service is to create a truthful and positive image of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic. The partial aim of the thesis was to find out, via questioning of public, whether the Czech Prison Service Journal is known outside the circle of employees of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic. Quantitative research was used to reach the partial aim, based upon a method of questioning people on the streets. This research proved that the Journal is unknown in the public. To make the view of the Czech Prison Service Journal complex, a method of a qualitative research, questioning, the technique of semi-structured interviews, was used to find out the opinions of its readers. The readers not only demand professional information from the Journal, but they also want practical experience from each of the penitentiaries and actual information about the Prison Service of the Czech Republic.

Cette étude à caractère intersectionnelle se penche sur la performativité du genre et ses enchevêtrements avec l’intimité dans les établissements carcéraux pour femmes. Plus précisément, à l’aide d’ateliers en création littéraire et de discussions rétrospectives auprès de femmes détenues et d’ex-détenues, j’examine les discours des participantes autour des questions de genre ainsi que leurs différentes configurations de l’intimité structurelle (Mackenzie, 2013) au sein du milieu carcéral. En mobilisant une vision ethnométhodologique (West et Fenstermaker, 1995ab) et butlérienne du genre, je tente d’apporter un peu de lumière aux réflexions suivantes : comment les femmes conceptualisent-elles et actualisent-elles le genre (les catégories femme-féminité et homme-masculinité) ainsi que leurs rôles sociaux de genre au sein de la détention? Comment l’affirmation d’une identité genrée ou d’un rôle social peut-elle être un levier de réappropriation ou une manière de naviguer les contraintes carcérales? Qu’est-ce qui motive les personnes incarcérées de mon étude à réifier ou à délaisser leur performativité du genre? Quels sont les recoupements entre l’intimité structurelle et la performativité du genre? Comment d’autres axes identitaires peuvent-ils se greffer à ces questions, notamment la culture, l’orientation sexuelle, l’âge et l’identité de genre (cis/trans*)? Pendant vingt-cinq mois, des ateliers en création littéraire se sont déroulés auprès de 29 participantes à l’intérieur de différents sites communautaires et carcéraux : les locaux d’Élizabeth Fry Gatineau et Ottawa, deux maisons de transition, respectivement JF Norwood House à Ottawa et la Maison Thérèse-Casgrain à Montréal ainsi que l’Établissement Joliette pour femmes. Les ateliers de création littéraire comprenaient une série d’exercices allant du collage aux métaphores. Les résultats de recherche découlent de ces exercices créatifs et du verbatim de 22 discussions rétrospectives. Mes résultats de recherche découlent d’une analyse thématique en amont (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2008 ; Negura, 2016 ; Braun et Clarke, 2006) et une analyse des répertoires interprétatifs en aval (Wetheterell et Potter, 1988, 1992). Cette dernière a permis d’identifier les variations discursives et les accomplissements des participantes. Mes résultats sont découpés en trois temps. Le chapitre 4 fait état d’une performativité-miroir par rapport au genre (catégories homme-masculinité et femme-féminité) et de la matrice hétérosexiste (liens de cause à effet entre le genre, le sexe, le désir et l’orientation sexuelle). Les participantes ont recours à une stratégie de distance et de dissociation pour aborder les unions entre femmes et la masculinité carcérale. Quatre discours sont aussi repérés chez les participantes pour qualifier les femmes détenues. D’abord, les femmes détenues sont présentées à travers une pluralité et un socle commun : leur statut de personne recluse. Ensuite, l’identité maternelle met sur pied une actualisation particulière de l’intimité : en « cocon partagé », c’est-à-dire entre grappes de parents en compagnie de leurs enfants. Plus encore, la femme marionnette renvoie à la sexualisation active ou passive de la participante. Ce discours aborde aussi les aléas de la fouille à nu et son potentiel de revictimisation. Enfin, le discours de la femme-machine renvoie à la mise au travail (appropriation) des femmes incarcérées ainsi que des dynamiques déshumanisantes qui sont présentes à l’atelier de couture. Le chapitre 5 a pour lieu commun la neutralisation. La première partie de ce chapitre porte sur « différents dégradés » de la féminité tandis que la seconde partie traite des éléments internes ou externes qui entravent l’accomplissement des rôles sociaux de genre (de mère, d’épouse et de fille). D’abord, la féminité est représentée sous l’angle de l’absence (peu ou pas), d’un déclassement (un déploiement atténué comparativement au cadre carcéral). Ces nuances en matière de féminité sont rationalisées en soulignant les contraintes matérielles du milieu, les dynamiques interpersonnelles antagoniques, la santé mentale (dépression), une priorisation différentielle (la survie) et l’absence de son partenaire (son homme). Par ailleurs, la logique institutionnelle de gestion des risques et les dynamiques au sein des unités de vie entravent l’accomplissement de rôles sociaux de genre des participantes. Plus précisément, ces éléments affectent deux modalités de communication avec les proches : les visites et les appels. En revanche, les participantes peuvent choisir délibérément de mettre un terme à leurs contacts avec leur famille ou encore d’en réduire la fréquence. Leurs discours révèlent des motifs de nature égoïste et altruiste. Le chapitre 6 épluche la question de la résistance. L’intimité est réinventée d’après les structures en place. De plus, l’agentivité des participantes découle des contraintes institutionnelles (Mackenzie, 2013). Ainsi, l’intimité se déploie à travers des pratiques pour soi et dans des espaces clefs : les unités résidentielles et les chambres (cellules). La résistance, telle que conceptualisée d’après les propos de Bosworth (1999) et de Butler (1988, 1990, 1993, 2006), est diffusée à des pratiques de l’intime. Ce sont des moments d’entre-soi tels le partage de repas, des conversations intimes, des instants de détente, l’écriture ou la lecture de correspondance. Certaines tâches genrées servent de levier pour accomplir des objectifs individuels ou collectifs. Des significations de rechange sont aussi associées à la féminité ou à la parentalité afin que les participantes soulignent leurs compétences en tant que mères dignes. Ces résultats pluralisent la question de la performativité du genre et de l’intimité. Des nuances apparaissent en matière de culture, d’orientation sexuelle, de transidentité, d’âge ou de classe socio-économique. Au sein du milieu carcéral, le genre est tout à la fois un site de contraintes et un levier de réappropriation (d’agentivité). La résistance est négociée à même le cadre carcéral. Autrement dit, le spectre des possibilités en matière de résistance est limité par le contexte institutionnel dans lequel se situe les participantes. Conséquemment, des recommandations sont suggérées afin que les établissements carcéraux augmentent leur cohérence avec les principes directeurs du rapport La création de choix (1990) et maximisent certaines fenêtres d’intimité. Ainsi, des modifications sont proposées à l’endroit de la forme et du contenu des ateliers de travail et des directives entourant la fouille à nu, l’admission des biens de personnes incarcérées et les modalités liées aux appels. L’accès à des biens culturels et à des personnes-ressources aux yeux des Premières Nations est aussi préconisé.