Existe na indústria o interesse em utilizar as informações da tomografia computadorizada a fim de conhecer o interior (i) dos objetos industriais fabricados ou (ii) das máquinas e seus meios de produção. Nestes casos, a tomografia tem como finalidade (a) controlar a qualidade do produto final e (b) otimizar a produção, contribuindo na fase piloto dos projetos e na análise da qualidade dos meios sem interromper a produção. O contínuo controle de qualidade dos meios de produção é a chave mestra para garantir a qualidade e a competitividade dos produtos. O Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações (CTR), do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP) vem desenvolvendo esta tecnologia para fins de análises de processos industriais há algum tempo. Atualmente, o laboratório tem desenvolvido três gerações de tomógrafos: (i) primeira geração; (ii) terceira geração; e (iii) tomógrafo Instant Non-Scanning. Os algoritmos de reconstrução de imagens tomográficas tem uma importância relevante para o funcionamento ideal desta tecnologia. Nesta tese, foram desenvolvidos e analisados os algoritmos de reconstrução de imagens tomográficas para serem implementados aos protocolos experimentais dos tomógrafos. Os métodos de reconstrução de imagem analítico e iterativo foram desenvolvidos utilizando o software Matlab® r2013b. Os algoritmos iterativos apresentaram imagens com melhor resolução espacial comparado com as obtidas pelo método analítico. Entretanto as imagens por método analítico apresentaram menos ruídos. O tempo para obtenção de imagem pelo método iterativo é relativamente elevado, e aumenta conforme aumenta a matriz de pixels da imagem. Já o método analítico fornece imagens instantâneas. Para as reconstruções de imagens utilizando o tomógrafo Instant Non-Scanning, as imagens pelo método analítico não apresentaram qualidade de imagem satisfatória comparada aos métodos iterativos. / There is an interest in the industry to use the CT information in order to know the interior (i) of the manufactured industrial objects or (ii) the machines and their means of production. In these cases, the purpose of the tomography systems is to (a) control the quality of the final product and (b) to optimize production, contributing to the pilot phase of the projects and to analyze the quality of the means without interrupting he line production. Continuous quality assurance of the means of production is the key to ensuring product quality and competitiveness. The Radiation Technology Center of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN-SP) has been developing this technology for the purpose of industrial analysis. Currently the laboratory has developed three generations of tomography systems: (i) first generation; (ii) third generation; and (iii) Instant Non-Scanning tomography. The algorithms for the reconstruction of tomographic images are of relevant importance for the optimal functioning of this technology. In this PhD thesis, the reconstruction algorithms of tomographic images were developed and analyzed to be implemented to the tomography systems developed. The analytical and iterative image reconstruction methods were developed using the software Matlab® r2013b. The iterative algorithms presented images with better spatial resolution compared to those obtained by the analytical method; however the images of the analytical method presented be less image noisy. The time to obtain the image by the iterative method is high, and increases as the image matrix increases, while the analytical method provides fast images. For images reconstructions using the Instant Non-Scanning tomography system, the images by the analytical method did not present satisfactory image quality compared to the iterative methods.

Os flavonóides são compostos bioativos presentes em alimentos de origem vegetal. Em função de suas propriedades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e antimicrobiana podem estar associados com o efeitos cardioprotetores e anticarcinogênicos. O conteúdo de flavonóides em alimentos brasileiros vem sendo quantificado por vários pesquisadores, entretanto essas informações estão dispersas em publicações, teses e em dados internos de laboratórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compilar e a avaliar a qualidade de dados de flavonóides de alimentos brasileiros, visando sua disponibilização na Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos. Para a compilação, os compostos mais abundantes dentro das subclasses dos flavonóides (flavonóis, flavonas, isoflavonas, flavanonas, flavanóis e antocianidinas) foram considerados e a separação desses compostos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) foi adotada como critério de inclusão dos dados. Para avaliar a qualidade dos dados brasileiros foi aplicado o sistema de avaliação da qualidade de dados padronizado pelo USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), que considera cinco categorias, sendo 20 a nota máxima atribuída a cada categoria. Para cada dado foram atribuídos códigos de confiança (A, B, C e D), os quais indicam a qualidade e confiabilidade da informação. Cerca de 773 dados de flavonóides, em 197 alimentos brasileiros, foram avaliados. O CC \"C\" foi atribuído a 99% dos dados e \"B\" para 1%. As principais categorias que receberam baixa pontuação média foram número de amostras (média de 2 pontos, pelo reduzido número de amostras); plano de amostragem (média de 5 pontos, em função da falta de planejamento estatístico); controle de qualidade analítico (média de 4 pontos, decorrente da não descrição do desempenho diário do método no laboratório). A categoria método analítico teve pontuação média igual a 9, principalmente pela não descrição ou execução da validação do método analítico. A categoria com maior pontuação foi o tratamento da amostra (média de 20 pontos). Esses resultados sinalizam para a necessidade de maior conscientização dos pesquisadores em relação ao número e plano de amostras e a completa descrição de todo processo de validação da metodologia e do controle de qualidade analítico. O conteúdo de flavonóides será introduzido na Tabela de Composição de Alimentos - USP (TBCA-USP) (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela). / Flavonoids are bioactive compounds present in foods of vegetable origin. Due to their antioxidant, anti inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, they may be associated to cardioprotective and anticarcinogenic effects. The content of flavonoids in Brazilian foods has been quantified by several researchers, however, this information is disperse in publications, thesis and internal data from laboratories. The objective of this work was to compile and evaluate the quality of data on flavonoids of Brazilian foods, aiming to divulge it on the Brazilian Food Composition Database. For the compilation, the most abundant compounds in the flavonoid subclasses (flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols e anthocyanidins) were considered and the separation of these compounds by high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) was adopted as inclusion criteria of the data. In order to evaluate the quality of the Brazilian data, the USDA system for evaluation of flavonoids data quality was used. This system considers five categories, and 20 is the maximum grade given to each category. For each data, a confidence code (CC) was attributed (A, B, C and D), which indicate the quality and reliability of the information. Around 773 flavonoid data, in 197 brazilian foods, were evaluated. The CC \"C\" was attributed to 99% of the data and \"B\" to 1%. The main categories that received low average grades were: number of samples (2 points average, for the reduced number of samples); sampling plan (5 points average, due to the lack of statistical planning); analytical quality control (4 points average, due to the lack of description of the method daily performance in the laboratory). The category analytical method received average grade equal to 9, mainly because of the lack of description or execution of the analytical method validation. The category that received the highest grade was the sample handling (20 points average). These results highlight the necessity of a greater conscience from researchers in relation to the sample number and planning and the complete description of the process of method validation and analytical quality control. The flavonoid content will be introduced in the Brazilian Food Composition Database (TBCA-USP) (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela).

As percepções sobre qualidade em educação no Brasil têm sido influenciadas por questões de acesso e permanência, e atualmente remetem à aprendizagem proporcionada pela formação escolar seja essa formação pautada por desempenho cognitivo em testes ou por sentidos mais abrangentes, como os fins que compõem o direito à educação conforme a CF/88. Se o Estado brasileiro é declaradamente o principal sujeito do dever de garantir tal direito, o qual se cumpre via políticas públicas (entre outros meios), nota-se que, por outro lado, políticas de avaliação e indicadores educacionais correlatos têm sido instrumentos em disputa e protagonistas de algumas tensões. Dentre elas, destaca-se que o indicador mais amplamente utilizado como padrão de qualidade no Brasil IDEB é composto por medidas de aprovação e desempenho cognitivo, e não permite avaliar adequadamente se certos fins da educação estão sendo garantidos pela oferta da educação básica. Sustentando, contudo, a pertinência do uso de indicadores como auxílio na garantia do padrão de qualidade da educação pública ainda que sublinhando dificuldades como a de acessar dimensões mais dificilmente quantificáveis da qualidade educacional, como formação de valores , este trabalho parte da ideia de que as dimensões da qualidade em educação são interligadas, e propõe a hipótese de que resultados educacionais pouco acessíveis a medidas sejam inferidos a partir de seus processos relativos. Tomando a formação para cidadania como caso ilustrativo dessa hipótese, a pesquisa busca identificar, a partir de referências conceituais e empíricas, processos educacionais relevantes à formação para cidadania, e destacar instrumentos com potencial para acessar de forma padronizada os processos apontados, de modo a constituir medidas que alimentem um eventual indicador de qualidade mais compreensivo quanto à magnitude do direito à educação. / The perceptions about educational quality in Brazil have been influenced by matters of access and permanence of students in the public systems, and currently they mostly refer to the learning provided by schooling whether this learning is taken in terms of tests scores or in broader senses, such as the educational purposes that comprise the right to education as stated by the Brazilian Constitution. The Brazilian State has a central role in ensuring this right, specially by the means of public policies (among others); it is noticeable, however, that public evaluation policies and related educational indicators have been involved in some controversies. One of these controversies pertains to the educational quality standard more widely used in Brazil IDEB; this indicator is composed by measures of approval and cognitive performance in tests, and does not adequately infer whether certain educational purposes are being guaranteed through public schooling. Nevertheless, this work sustain the relevance of indicators as a support to reach educational quality standards although stressing associated difficulties such as to quantify dimensions of educational quality less approachable by measures, as the formation of values. To cope with this question, it is assumed that the dimensions of educational quality are interconnected, and then proposed the hypothesis that educational outcomes less accessible by measures may be inferred from its related educational processes. This work will ascertain this hypothesis taking education for citizenship as an illustrative case. In this sense, it will identify, from conceptual and empirical references, educational processes relevant to education for citizenship, and highlight potential tools to access this processes in a standardized manner, to explore the possibility to provide measures that could compose a more comprehensive quality indicator concerning the magnitude of the right to education.

Diante da constante necessidade de funcionamento ininterrupto dos sistemas computacionais, das mais diversas organizações, é imperativo que existam meios de continuidade dos negócios e recuperação de desastres implantados, testados e prontos para serem invocados. Diante disso, torna-se essencial a existência de uma maneira de avaliar se as informações, os procedimentos e o nível do conhecimento dos colaboradores da organização estão adequados para enfrentar uma ocorrência inesperada e devastadora no ambiente computacional da organização. A presente tese propõe um modelo hierárquico para se representar e avaliar a qualidade dos Projetos de Planos de Continuidade de Negócios (PPCN) aplicados a sistemas computacionais. Este modelo apresenta o mapeamento das principais características que esses planos devem possuir, de acordo com as principais normas relativas ao tema (BS 25999, ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 27001 e ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 27002), as experiências de especialistas da área e dados reais dos usuários dos PPCNs obtidos por meio da utilização de questionários. É proposto neste trabalho, também, um Índice de Qualidade (IQ) para os PPCNs que permite a comparação de um PPCN existente com um PPCN ideal, identificando-se os pontos fracos nele existentes e munindo a organização com informações para a busca de soluções que resultarão na melhoria do PPCN atual. / Given the need for computer systems uninterrupted operation, for the most different organizations, it is imperative that business continuity and disaster recovery plans be already in place, tested and ready to be invoked. Given this, it is essential for there being a way to assess whether the information, procedures and organizations employees knowledge level are adequate to deal with an unexpected and devastating event in the organization\'s computing environment. This thesis proposes a hierarchical model to represent and assess the organizations computer systems Business Continuity Plan Project (BCPP) quality. This model maps the main features these plans should have, in accordance with the main standards related to this area (BS 25999, ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002), specialists experience and real data from BCPPs users obtained from questionnaires. As a complementary proposal, a BCPP Quality Index (QI) is suggested, which will allow organizations to compare their existing BCPP against an ideal BCPP, identifying the gaps between these plans and providing the organization with information for seeking solutions that will result in the improvement of current BCPP.

Os flavonóides são compostos bioativos presentes em alimentos de origem vegetal. Em função de suas propriedades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e antimicrobiana podem estar associados com o efeitos cardioprotetores e anticarcinogênicos. O conteúdo de flavonóides em alimentos brasileiros vem sendo quantificado por vários pesquisadores, entretanto essas informações estão dispersas em publicações, teses e em dados internos de laboratórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compilar e a avaliar a qualidade de dados de flavonóides de alimentos brasileiros, visando sua disponibilização na Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos. Para a compilação, os compostos mais abundantes dentro das subclasses dos flavonóides (flavonóis, flavonas, isoflavonas, flavanonas, flavanóis e antocianidinas) foram considerados e a separação desses compostos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) foi adotada como critério de inclusão dos dados. Para avaliar a qualidade dos dados brasileiros foi aplicado o sistema de avaliação da qualidade de dados padronizado pelo USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), que considera cinco categorias, sendo 20 a nota máxima atribuída a cada categoria. Para cada dado foram atribuídos códigos de confiança (A, B, C e D), os quais indicam a qualidade e confiabilidade da informação. Cerca de 773 dados de flavonóides, em 197 alimentos brasileiros, foram avaliados. O CC \"C\" foi atribuído a 99% dos dados e \"B\" para 1%. As principais categorias que receberam baixa pontuação média foram número de amostras (média de 2 pontos, pelo reduzido número de amostras); plano de amostragem (média de 5 pontos, em função da falta de planejamento estatístico); controle de qualidade analítico (média de 4 pontos, decorrente da não descrição do desempenho diário do método no laboratório). A categoria método analítico teve pontuação média igual a 9, principalmente pela não descrição ou execução da validação do método analítico. A categoria com maior pontuação foi o tratamento da amostra (média de 20 pontos). Esses resultados sinalizam para a necessidade de maior conscientização dos pesquisadores em relação ao número e plano de amostras e a completa descrição de todo processo de validação da metodologia e do controle de qualidade analítico. O conteúdo de flavonóides será introduzido na Tabela de Composição de Alimentos - USP (TBCA-USP) (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela). / Flavonoids are bioactive compounds present in foods of vegetable origin. Due to their antioxidant, anti inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, they may be associated to cardioprotective and anticarcinogenic effects. The content of flavonoids in Brazilian foods has been quantified by several researchers, however, this information is disperse in publications, thesis and internal data from laboratories. The objective of this work was to compile and evaluate the quality of data on flavonoids of Brazilian foods, aiming to divulge it on the Brazilian Food Composition Database. For the compilation, the most abundant compounds in the flavonoid subclasses (flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols e anthocyanidins) were considered and the separation of these compounds by high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) was adopted as inclusion criteria of the data. In order to evaluate the quality of the Brazilian data, the USDA system for evaluation of flavonoids data quality was used. This system considers five categories, and 20 is the maximum grade given to each category. For each data, a confidence code (CC) was attributed (A, B, C and D), which indicate the quality and reliability of the information. Around 773 flavonoid data, in 197 brazilian foods, were evaluated. The CC \"C\" was attributed to 99% of the data and \"B\" to 1%. The main categories that received low average grades were: number of samples (2 points average, for the reduced number of samples); sampling plan (5 points average, due to the lack of statistical planning); analytical quality control (4 points average, due to the lack of description of the method daily performance in the laboratory). The category analytical method received average grade equal to 9, mainly because of the lack of description or execution of the analytical method validation. The category that received the highest grade was the sample handling (20 points average). These results highlight the necessity of a greater conscience from researchers in relation to the sample number and planning and the complete description of the process of method validation and analytical quality control. The flavonoid content will be introduced in the Brazilian Food Composition Database (TBCA-USP) (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela).

<p>Print mottle is a problem that has been hassling the printing business for a long time. Along with sharpness and correct colour reproduction, absence of print mottle is one of the most important factors of print quality. The possibility to measure the amount of print mottle (reflectance variation) may in many ways facilitate the development of printing methods. Such a measurement model should preferably follow the functions and abilities of the Human Visual System (HVS). </p><p>The traditional model that STFI-Packforsk has developed to measure print mottle uses frequency analysis to find variations in reflectance. However, this model suffers some limitations since is does not perfectly agree with the functions of the HVS and does only measure variations in lightness. A new model that better follows the functions of the HVS has thus been developed. The new model does not only consider variations in lightness (monochromatic) but also variations in colour (chromatic). The new model also puts a higher weight on systematic variations than on random variations since the human eye is more sensitive to ordered structures. Furthermore, the new model uses a contrast sensitivity function that weights the importance of variations in different frequencies. </p><p>To compare the new model with the traditional STFI model, two tests were carried out. Each test consisted of a group of test patches that were evaluated by the traditional STFI model and the new model. The first test consisted of 15 greyscale test patches that originated from conventional flexo and offset presses. The second test consisted of 24 digitally simulated test patches containing colour mottle and systematic mottle. </p><p>The evaluation results in both the traditional and the new model were compared to the results of a visual evaluation carried out using a panel of test persons. The new model produced a result that correlated considerably better with the visual estimation than what the traditional model did.</p>

Integrated model for evaluation of consulting services quality have been created having analysed scientific literature. This model was tested practically by evaluating the quality of seminars.

本研究以自我評量的觀點，瞭解美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」與我國課程品質之評估，包括「幼兒園基礎評鑑指標教保活動課程部分」、「幼兒園課程與教學品質評估表課程與教學規劃部分」、「幼兒園教保活動課程暫行大綱」三議題。進而比較其指標內涵，同時採調查法的方式，便利取樣選取公立幼兒園10所，共11位教師，使用美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」，以瞭解其在台灣之適用性，並請現場老師給予相關的回饋與建議。 研究結果如下： 壹、美國NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準特色有四： 一、課程認證標準具發展合宜實務理論依據。 二、課程認證標準與時俱進。 三、課程認證標準組織架構具體明確且指標具彈性。 四、認證標準確實可提升班級課程品質。 貳、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」與我國幼兒園課程品質評估之比較： 一、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」指標內涵強調幼兒本位。 二、我國「幼兒園基礎評鑑指標教保活動課程部分」強調合法性。 三、我國「幼兒園課程與教學品質評估表課程與教學規劃部分」定義課程原則。 四、我國「幼兒園教保活動課程暫行大綱」是我國目前課程規劃重要依據。 五、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」含括領域指標具體完整值得效法。 参、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」之適用性： 一、現場教師肯定美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」，並具以下啟示： (一) 幫助教師課程規劃。 (二) 拓展視野放眼國際。 (三) 瞭解班級課程品質。 二、方案評鑑標準(The program evaluation standards)確定美國「NAEYC 幼兒園課程認證標準」在台灣之適用性。 本研究並根據研究結果提出建議，以「他山之石，可以攻錯」的借鏡觀點，提供對未來台灣幼兒教育發展之建議及後續研究之參考。 關鍵字：美國幼教協會NAEYC、課程認證標準、課程品質評估 / The main purpose of this study is to understand the concept of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards and the curriculum quality evaluation. Include " Preschool Care-taking Activities of Kindergarten Basic Evaluationin"," Curriculum and Teaching Plan of Kindergarten Curriculum and Teaching Quality Assessment Form",and" Curriculum Outlines for Preschool Care-taking Activities". This study also received to 11 teacher’s interview to understand the applicability of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards in Taiwan. Here are the results of this study: A.NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards characteristics: 1. Based on Developmentally Appropriate Practice. 2. Change with time. 3. Organization is clear and specific and the indicators are flexible. 4. Indeed improve the curriculum quality of class. B.Compare NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards and the curriculum quality evaluation: 1. NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards emphasize child-centered. 2. Preschool Care-taking Activities of Kindergarten Basic Evaluationin emphasize the legitimacy. 3. Curriculum and Teaching Plan of Kindergarten Curriculum and Teaching Quality Assessment Form define curriculum principle. 4. Curriculum Outlines for Preschool Care-taking Activities is important basis for curriculum planning at present. 5. The fields and indicators of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards are specific and complete and worth our emulation. C. The applicability of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards : 1.Teachers affirm NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards and get the following inspirations: a.Help teachers planning curriculum. b. Expand the horizons and looking to international. c.Understand the curriculum quality of class. 2. The program evaluation standards make sure the applicability of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards in Taiwan. Key words: NAEYC, accreditation curriculum standards, curriculum quality evaluation

電子資源館藏與服務在目前的大學圖書館佔有重要地位，大量且廣泛使用的對象為教師與研究生。雖然電子資源受到使用者的喜愛，但是也帶來許多複雜問題，因此，有必要從使用者的角度針對大學圖書館電子資源進行服務品質評鑑研究，有助於圖書館管理者未來發展出更符合使用者期待的電子資源服務。本研究之研究目的包含以下幾點：(1)探討大學教師與研究生對於圖書館電子資源服務的認知、重要性及使用現況；(2)探討電子資源服務品質評鑑意涵及可評鑑項目；(3)建構電子資源服務品質評鑑指標與測量工具；(4)實施電子資源服務品質評鑑以改善其服務品質，進而提供最佳電子資源服務。 本研究透過焦點團體法具體建構出大學圖書館電子資源服務品質評鑑指標，共包含三個構面與28項指標，訪談結果亦作為發展問卷之基礎。為確保指標的可行性，研究者實際發放問卷予政治大學的教師與研究生，獲得以下結論：(1)網路使用時間會影響使用者使用圖書館電子資源的頻率；(2)使用者使用圖書館中文資料庫的使用率明顯高於西文資料庫；(3)使用者使用圖書館資料庫的主要目的為「學術研究」與「課業學習」；(4)「圖書館電子資源指南」與「圖書館學術資源探索系統」為使用者查找圖書館電子資源的主要管道；(5)使用者的圖書館資料庫檢索方式以「基本檢索」與「進階檢索」為主；(6)使用者偏好將電子期刊或電子書列印紙本閱讀；(7)使用者肯定圖書館電子資源對於「完成論文計畫書/論文」、「完成作業/報告」、「提升學術研究效益」的價值；(8)沒有圖書館資料庫推廣活動參與經驗的使用者高達六成；(9)使用者認為圖書館最重要的電子資源服務為電子資源的全文提供與權威性；(10)使用者認為圖書館最滿意的電子資源服務為電子資源的權威性；(11)使用者認為圖書館最不重要的電子資源服務為館員回應線上諮詢服務的速度、館員對於使用者電子資源需求的掌握；(12)使用者認為圖書館最需要改進的電子資源服務為電子資源的全文提供、電子資源網站取得全文的易用性；(13)整體滿意度尚待提升，政大圖書館應著重電子資源館藏的提供。 針對所獲得的研究結果，本研究提出幾點建議：(1)圖書館應深入了解教師及研究生的需求，充實電子資源館藏的數量與品質；(2)在電子資源網站上放置清楚的圖示或連結、提供完整的資料庫說明；(3)圖書館與資料庫廠商應定期舉辦使用者滿意度調查；(4)配合課程提供教師相關的資料庫清單與資料庫講習訊息、提前於暑假期間針對碩一生開設電子資源基本搜尋課程。 / Electronic resources collections and services occupy an important position in current university libraries, a large number of teachers and graduate students use them widely. Although electronic resources are popular with users, they also bring a lot of complex issues. Therefore, it is necessary to use point of views of users to conduct service quality evaluation for electronic resources in university libraries. It can help library managers to develop electronic resources services more in line with user expectations in the future. This research has four purposes: (1) to investigate the cognitive, the importance and current use of library electronic resources services for teachers and graduate students ; (2) to explore implications and availability of electronic resources service quality evaluation; (3) to construct indicators and measurement tools of electronic resources service quality evaluation; (4) to implement electronic resources service quality evaluation to improve service quality, then providing the better electronic resources services. This paper had formed focus groups to construct electronic resources service quality evaluation structure which is including three dimensions and 28 indicators. Interview results also use as a basis for the development of questionnaires. In order to ensure the feasibility of indicators, questionnaires have been collected from teachers and graduate students of National Chengchi University, and obtained the following conclusions: (1) Internet usage will influence the use frequency of library electronic resources; (2) the usage of Chinese databases significantly higher than the Western languages databases; (3) the main purpose of the library users to use databases are “academic research” and “learning”; (4) “E-Resource Gateway” and “Discovery Services System” are main channels of users to find the library electronic resources; (5) “Basic Search” and “Advanced Search” are main retrieval methods of library databases of users; (6) users prefer print out electronic journals or e-books to read; (7) users affirm Library electronic resources are good for the value of “complete proposal and thesis”, “finish homework and report”, and “enhance effectiveness of academic research”; (8) users who did not participate in promotional activities of library databases up to 60%; (9) users consider the most important electronic resources services are full text and authority of electronic resources; (10) users consider the most satisfying electronic resource services is authority of electronic resources; (11) users consider the least important electronic resources services are response speed of online consulting services of librarians and grasping of user requirements of electronic resources of librarians; (12 ) users consider provide full-text of electronic resources and the usability to get the full-text in electronic resource websites are electronic resources services that most need to improve; (13) overall satisfaction has yet to improve, National Chengchi University Library should focus on providing electronic resources collections. According to the research results, this paper also proposed several suggestions: (1) the library should understand the needs of teachers and graduate students, and enrich the quantity and quality of electronic resources collections; (2) the library should place a clear icon or link in electronic resource websites, to provide complete descriptions of databases; (3) the library and database vendors should conduct user satisfaction surveys regularly; (4) the library should provide teachers with related databases lists and databases workshops messages, and offer basic search courses of electronic resources during summer vacation for freshmen in master’s program.

Fully-dynamic, continuous fugacity-based fate and transport models have been developed to examine all natural processes and interactions in the aquatic water systems. Within a body of surface water such as a lake or a river, a dynamic interaction among different media takes place. Chemical compounds are continuously dissolving, adsorbing into solid particles, attaching to suspended particles, resuspending, reacting, diffusing, and advecting. As the inclusion of all these interactions into a model is complex, the use of fugacity concept instead of concentration, renders the modeling task relatively easy. Fugacity, which is described as the escaping tendency of a chemical from a medium, is continuous among different phases, thus easier to follow the movement of the chemical. The first model has been developed to be used as an emergency response model by decision makers, which models the fate and transport of any contaminant in a lake. Due to uncertainties involved in the analysis, Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The fate of three representative contaminants; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), atrazine, and benzene in air, water, and sediment compartments are examined. The second model developed is a continuous, dynamic river fugacity-based water quality model. In order to develop a continuous model, the hydrodynamics of the river system is solved first. Water depth and velocity at each point along the river are used in the advection-dispersion equation to determine the fate and transport of a contaminant. Interactions between different phases are also incorporated into the advection-dispersion equation which is solved numerically and coupled with a mass balance equation derived for the same contaminant in the sediments. The third model is a multispecies contaminant fate and transport model which can be used for the fate of a single contaminant and its daughter products. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and its daughter products, dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), are used as representative of multispecies contaminants. The fate and transport of TCE and its daughter products has been analyzed first in a lake environment, and then in a river environment with the addition of a biofilm compartment where all biotransformations take place.