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Mesura de la qualitat en el sector serveisSaurina, Carme 18 April 1997 (has links)
El treball desenvolupat en aquesta tesi consisteix en l'adaptació a la llengua catalana d'un model de mesura de la qualitat en el sector serveis, el model servqual, i la seva contrastació a través d'una aplicació empírica al sector de les entitats financeres de les comarques gironines. El primers capítols del treball constitueixen un bloc introductori al tema principal de la tesi, la mesura de la qualitat en el sector serveis, i indiquen la necessitat i la conveniència d'obtenir una mesura fiable de la qualitat per tal d'aconseguir un avantatge competitiu sostenible tant en el mercat nacional com en el mercat internacional actual. El desenvolupament metodològic de la tesi es realitza en dues vessants diferents, per una banda es procedeix a l'adaptació a la llengua catalana de l'instrument de mesura que es vol contrastar, i per l'altra es descriu, es discuteix i s'aplica la metodologia estadística que permet descobrir variables latents, és a dir, constructes no observables directament, a través de l'estudi de la covariació de les variables observables o indicadors adequats. L'objectiu general que es vol aconseguir és l'avaluació de la qualitat percebuda del servei que ofereixen les entitats financeres de la província de Girona. Els objectius específics que es planteja el treball, a part de la obtenció de l'instrument adaptat a la llengua catalana per a la mesura de la qualitat percebuda en el sector de les entitats financeres, són: a) L'estudi de la validesa i de la fiabilitat de l'instrument, així com l'anàlisi de l'estabilitat de les dimensions inherents al model i que porten a la formació del constructe qualitat percebuda. b) L'anàlisi de la relació entre les percepcions i les expectatives com a manera d'avaluar la qualitat percebuda. c) La discriminació deis constructes qualitat, qualitat percebuda i satisfacció i les possibles relacions existents entre ells. d) L'estudi del poder predictiu del constructe qualitat percebuda sobre el comportament futur dels clients. e) L'impacte que tenen les característiques socioeconòmiqes deis clients, així com la distinció entre tipus d'entitat (caixes i bancs), en l'avaluació de la qualitat percebuda. L'elecció del sector empíric d'aplicació del treball no ha estat gratuïta i obeeix a dos motius principals. En primer lloc, i a diferència d'altres treballs empírics d'aplicació de l''escala servqual, no es vol fer l' estudi sobre una mostra de conveniència o sobre una llista de clients d'una determinada entitat sinó que planteja l'estudi sobre una mostra aleatòria geogràfica presa sobre el total poblacional censat a les comarques gironines. L' altra motiu l'imposa la mateixa metodologia al exigir que el client ha d'haver pogut escollir lliurament l'entitat que avalua i per tant que el seu judici sobre l'entitat no ha estat condicionat a priori. La mostra s'ha seleccionat realitzant mostreig aleatori simple proporcional a la mesura de l'hàbitat prèvia estratificació dels municipis segons tinguin mida censal inferior als 2.000 habitants, entre 2.000 i 10.000 habitants, entre 10.000 i 50.000 habitants i superior als 50.000 habitants. El total de la mostra de la primera fase (500 persones), s'ha administrat mitjançant entrevista personal per enquestadors entrenats prèviament. El nivell de resposta útil consta de 430 qüestionaris. La mostra utilitzada en la segona fase consta de 150 persones, seleccionades aleatòriament entre les que havien donar resposta valida en la primera fase i l'administració es va fer per correu. Les anàlisis exploradores realitzades mostren la poca estabilitat de les dimensions del model encara que l'escala de les percepcions recull un percentatge de variabilitat superior a l'escala servqual i proporciona valors superiors per l'alfa de Cronbach. Les anàlisis confirmatòries efectuades per a contrastar l'existència de les cinc dimensions del model (tangible, fiabilitat, interès, seguretat i empatia), com a variables latents associades als seus corresponents models de mesura. ens permeten rebutjar-les globalment encara que observem ajustos menys dolents per al' escala de les percepcions que per a l'escala servqual. L'anàlisi en profunditat del model ens porta a la conclusió que els aspectes més significatius en l'avaluació de qualitat són els corresponents a aspectes de seguretat, fiabilitat i interès i que els percentatges de variabilitat explicada són superiors en tots els casos per a l' escala de les percepcions que per al' escala servqual. Atès que l' anàlisi de la bateria servqual indica que les percepcions dels clients només superen les seves expectatives en tres dels ítems corresponents a la dimensió tangible, que les valoracions de qualitat i de satisfacció global són molt bones i que la comparació de les puntuacions mitjanes a les expectatives amb puntuacions mitjanes d'importància dels diferents aspectes avaluats indiquen criteris semblants, concloem que l'escala de les percepcions té un poder explicatiu superior i que la interpretació de l'escala servqual s'ha de contextualitzar en el sentit que no es poden interpretar de la mateixa manera els gaps amb mateixa puntuació, sinó que la diferencia entre percepcions i expectatives és més important si la puntuació donada a les expectatives és més alta. Les anàlisis efectuades a través de proves Anova i interpretades a través d'anàlisis de classificació múltiple indiquen que els aspectes socioeconòmics que més incideixen en les valoracions de qualitat són els que fan referència a la mida de l'hàbitat i al nivell d'estudis. Veiem el paral·lelisme en l'explicació de les dues escales, percepcions i servqual, però sempre a favor de l'escala de les percepcions pel que fa a significativitat i a percentatge de variabilitat explicada. El model estructural saturat entre els constructes que mesuren de manera global la qualitat, les percepcions de qualitat i la satisfacció global, ens permet rebutjar la hipòtesis que es tracta de mesures de tres constructes iguals i ens permet establir relacions entre ells. El modelat amb equacions estructurals de dos models equivalents excepte pel que fa a la direccionalitat entre qualitat i satisfacció entre les percepcions, la qualitat, la satisfacció i el comportament futur del client, ens porta a ajustos completament equivalents. De la mateixa manera, el planteig de models equivalents per discernir quin dels dos constructes, qualitat o satisfacció, és el que causa un efecte directe sobre el comportament futur del client ens porta també a ajustos equivalents. Les principals conclusions del treball són que les percepcions de qualitat dels clients de les entitats financeres de les comarques gironines són molt bones i que els aspectes més importants per a la valoració de la qualitat són els que fan referència a seguretat, fiabilitat i interès. Els aspectes que fan referència a les dimensions tangibles i d'empatia són molt poc significatius estadísticament. Destaca el fet que l'escala de les percepcions té un poder predictiu més alt a nivell individual que l'escala servqual analitzada i que l'escala de les expectatives permet relativitzar la importància de les conclusions extretes a través de l'escala de les percepcions. S'ha comprovat la validació de criteri de l'instrument a través de la predicció del comportament futur del client en l'ajust estructural realitzat i la fiabilitat de l'instrument s'ha comprovat a través de la prova test-retest efectuada entre les dues fases del treball empíric sobre la mateixa mostra de persones en dos moments de temps. Qualitat i satisfacció són la mesura de dos constructes diferents entre els que no hem pogut decidir el sentit de causalitat. El poder predictiu del constructe qualitat percebuda sobre el comportament futur dels clients es mesura a través d'un efecte indirecte a través de les variables de qualitat i de satisfacció global i és significatiu. Les variables socioeconòmiques són importants per entendre millor el comportament dels diferents sectors de mercat així com dels dos tipus d'entitat avaluades (bancs i caixes). L' escala servqual és un esquelet vàlid per a la mesura de la qualitat dels serveis però cal un treball qualitatiu previ a la seva implantació en un sector concret per recollir una part més gran de la variabilitat de les respostes i la seva força està en la utilització repetida al llarg del temps per captar canvis tant en les expectatives com en les percepcions de qualitat dels clients. / During the last years the attainment of quality has become a goal of business environment and, moreover, quality has been proven to be an important tool in the obtaining of sustainable competitive advantages. The measurement and the control of quality in services have a distinctive feature in the sense that focus is put on perceived quality. In services, intangibility is a fact and firms have to strengthen in customers and in the way in which customers form and update their perceptions about quality. In this thesis we adapt the servqual model to the Catalan language in order to analyse customers of financial institutions services in the area of Girona, Spain. A population study is realised. A distinctive feature of our analysis with respect to the majority of previous ones is that ours is a population study. That is to say, instead of directly address on customers of a firm we randomly sampled the population of the province of Girona, Spain. In particular, first stratified random sampling and then simple random sampling within each stratum are applied. Total population reported by the last census (1995 local elections) was N= 421487. The stratum considered were for towns below 2000 inhabitants, between 200 l and 10000 inhabitants and between 10001 and 50000 inhabitants.The questionnaires were individually administered during a face-to-face interview in the home of the individuals of the sample for previously entrained interviewers.Expectatives are specifically analysed. Our aim is to compare such expectatives with perceptions about services. Using the modified servqual methodology, the dimensions of quality are analysed using factor analysis, relative weights for each one of these dimensions and a causal model relating perceived quality, experienced satisfaction, global quality and future intentions of customers about the firm is estimated.The adaptation of the model to the reality is discussed and some proposals about the sampled sector (financial institutions) and the analysed area (the province of Girona) are commented.In addition, anova was used to determine if there were differences among the various sociodemographic categories in regard to each service quality item and each service quality dimension. Posterior MCA were realised to test the overall effect of the different sociodemographic categories on each dimension of service quality.
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An analysis of the translation of vocabulary lists in textbooks for teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL)Hao, Yifei January 2017 (has links)
Recent research in the Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (TCFL) field has focused on the pedagogical perspectives underlying TCFL textbooks and their compilation. With the increasing interaction between China and other countries in global contexts such as culture, economics and commerce, there is a great need to expand research regarding all areas and issues within TCFL, especially in the important area of vocabulary and its translation in TCFL textbooks (Tsung and Cruickshank, 2011). This research investigates a range of translation problems related to the accuracy of the vocabulary lists featured in 12 selected representative TCFL textbooks for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This thesis presents findings from three triangulation cases (questionnaire survey, corpus research, and assessment test) involving two different groups of participants (e.g. Chinese teachers who completed the questionnaire survey and Chinese undergraduates majoring in English who underwent the assessment test). The contribution of this study is as follows: 1) I conduct a series of empirical evidence based on the viewpoints of practitioners regarding the identified translation problems to fill the gap that there are more descriptive and pedagogical works in the vocabulary translation of TCFL textbooks; 2) I adopt functional equivalence theory of translation and linguistics–based approaches (semantic, pragmatic and grammatical perspectives) to establish a theoretical framework which provides a flexible way of analysing translation and enables the original meanings of Chinese words to be analysed through various perspectives, especially for Chinese and English vocabulary analysis and translation; 3) I draw on translation quality evaluation theory to generate a translation quality evaluation framework which can serve as a reference point for other translation evaluation work regarding vocabulary conducted during other relevant studies; 4) I demonstrate that the majority of translation problems gathered from the selected TCFL textbooks were found at the preliminary level and in the content word class which have much practical relevance and research value for the pedagogical purpose of vocabulary teaching and translation; and 5) I build up a specific parallel corpus with passages and vocabulary lists of the selected TCFL textbooks.
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Egressos na avalia??o da qualidade de um curso: o caso da Engenharia de Produ??o da UFRNVasconcelos, Nat?lia Veloso Caldas de 27 July 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-27 / This thesis aims at analyzing the perspective of graduates perceived quality of an
undergraduate course in order to contribute to continuous improvement. In order to
achieve the proposed objectives, we performed a literature search, seeking together the
work surrounding this issue, with the intent to update the concepts discussed today on
the subject studied, they are: quality management, quality in higher education
institutions and the system national assessment of higher education - Sinaes. The
methodology is characterized as a case study, quantitative, and the object of study is
composed of students who graduated from Production Engineering, Federal University
of Rio Grande do Norte, which includes students who graduated from 2002 to 2010;
data collection was done through the survey instrument, questionnaire, available online
through SurveyMonkey interface, data analysis was done by means of descriptive
statistics and multivariate analysis, including factor analysis. The proposed survey
instrument consists of questions nineteen and twenty statements that address the central
theme of this dissertation. The results show the identification of four latent factors
(obtained by exploratory factor analysis), through two perspectives, the analysis of
perception and importance, the results were similar in terms of the variable factors. The
first factor was related to the support given to students, a factor known to support two
extra class, the third factor related aspects of the library, and finalizing the evaluation
and approached a factor of 4 facilities. Through research it was concluded that this
study presents several points to be improved by the management team, and
recommended to continue to evaluate the perceptions of graduates, seeking continuous
improvement in service delivery by the university / A presente Disserta??o tem como objetivo geral analisar, sob a ?tica do egresso, a
percep??o da qualidade de um curso de gradua??o a fim de contribuir com a melhoria
cont?nua. Visando atingir os objetivos propostos, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica,
buscando reunir os trabalhos que rodeiam esta tem?tica, com a inten??o de atualizar os
conceitos abordados atualmente sobre o assunto estudado. S?o eles: Gest?o da
qualidade, qualidades nas Institui??es de Ensino Superior e o Sistema Nacional de
Avalia??o do Ensino Superior - Sinaes. A metodologia ? caracterizada como estudo de
caso, de natureza quantitativa; o objeto de estudo ? composto pelos egressos do curso de
Engenharia de Produ??o da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, que engloba
os alunos que se formaram no per?odo de 2002 a 2010; a coleta de dados foi feita
atrav?s do instrumento de pesquisa, o question?rio, disponibilizado on-line atrav?s da
interface do SurveyMonkey; a an?lise dos dados foi feita por meio das t?cnicas de
estat?stica descritiva e an?lise multivariada, entre elas a an?lise fatorial. O instrumento
de pesquisa proposto ? formado por dezenove perguntas e vinte afirmativas que
abordam a tem?tica central desta disserta??o. Os resultados mostram a identifica??o de
quatro fatores latentes (obtidos atrav?s da an?lise fatorial explorat?ria), por meio de
duas perspectivas. Na an?lise da percep??o e da import?ncia, os resultados obtidos
foram semelhantes no tocante as vari?veis dos fatores. O fator 1 foi relacionado aos
apoios dados aos alunos, fator 2 denominado como suporte extra classe, o fator 3
relacionou aspectos da biblioteca, e, finalizando, o fator 4 abordou avalia??o e
instala??es f?sicas. Com a pesquisa conclui-se que este estudo apresenta diversos pontos
a serem melhorados pela equipe de gestores, e recomenda-se continuar a avaliar a
percep??o dos egressos, visando uma melhoria cont?nua na presta??o do servi?o por
parte da universidade
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A gestão integrada da escola no estado do Rio de Janeiro (2011-2014): consensos e disputas / Integratede management of school in the state of Rio de Janeiro (2011-2014): consensus and disputesOliveira, Sheila Santos de 10 October 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study is part of the research line State, Policy and Education History of the Federal
University of Goiás Pós Graduate Program of Education. The object of study appears in
discussions about educational management the meant managerial perspectives of education
that has been consolidated, in Brazil, in recent decades. The objective is to analyze the
Management Integrated of School (GIDE), a methodology implemented by the state
government of Rio de Janeiro in 2011. Still, in an attempt to assess the realization of this
policy, to identify, from the perspective of school management, the processes of resistance,
accommodation and conflicts that may define the distance between politics as text and this
practical implementation. The research has the time frame analysis the years 2011-2014. It is
based on the object of study considering processes of social, political and economic that have
a close relationship with there structuring of the capitalist system, under the guise of
neoliberal regulation, evidenced in Brazil, especially from the 1990s. In the education alfield,
these broader processes have indicated a public management design, guided by the principles
and practices of the New Public Management that the criticism of classical and bureaucratic
administration proposes a reorientation of institutions basing on managerial concepts with a
focus on efficiency, control and measurable results. In this perspective the state government
of Rio de Janeiro inserts in school life the GIDE, a strategic management system focused on
results, whose main purpose is to raise the quality of education for the state to reach the first
places in the ranking of national assessment. Even as analysis of the fundamentals were
mobilized, considering the different contexts and historicity, the concepts of management,
educational management, quality and evaluation. In order to achieve the proposed objectives
were carried out semi-structured interviews with school managers. In a qualitative research
perspective, it was used as a methodological theoretical support of the approach of the policy
cycle is to understand the context of influence, the production and political practice. It is
believed, finally, that GIDE changes the school logic, the role of the school manager and the
way in which this subject acts. It is observed that by cooptation, by questioning in resistance
to the model or by silences and omissions, concepts that are expensive to education and
practices in everyday life are re-signified, which corroborates the distance between politics as
a text and the practice of politics. GIDE is a management tool aimed at the quantifiable results
of the educational process, distancing itself from the conception of education as a process of
human and integral formation of the subjects. / O presente estudo insere-se na linha de pesquisa Estado, Políticas e História da Educação do
Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. O
objeto de estudo consta nas discussões acerca do tema gestão educacional e das perspectivas
gerencialistas da educação que vêm se consolidando no Brasil, nas últimas décadas. O
objetivo do trabalho é analisar a Gestão Integrada da Escola (GIDE), uma metodologia de
gestão implantada pelo governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2011. Ainda, de
avaliar a materialização dessa política, identificar, através da perspectiva dos gestores
escolares, os processos de resistência, acomodações e conflitos que possam delimitar a
distância entre a política como texto e sua implementação como prática. A pesquisa tem como
recorte temporal de análise os anos de 2011 a 2014. Fundamenta-se o estudo do objeto
considerando processos de transformação social, política e econômica que apresentam uma
estreita relação com a reestruturação do sistema capitalista, sob o modo de regulação
neoliberal evidenciado no Brasil, especialmente a partir década de 1990. No campo
educacional, esses processos mais amplos têm indicado uma concepção de gestão pública,
pautados nos princípios e práticas da Nova Gestão Pública, que, pela crítica à administração
clássica e burocrática, propõem a reorientação das instituições, fundamentando-se em
conceitos gerencialistas com foco na eficiência, controle e resultados quantificáveis. Nessa
perspectiva, o governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro insere no cotidiano escolar a GIDE, um
sistema de gerenciamento estratégico com foco nos resultados cuja principal finalidade é
elevar a qualidade do ensino para que o estado alcance os primeiros lugares no ranking da
avaliação nacional. Ainda como fundamentos da análise, foram mobilizados, considerando os
diversos contextos e a historicidade, os conceitos de administração, gestão educacional,
qualidade e avaliação. A fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram realizadas entrevistas
semiestruturadas com gestores escolares da rede pública estadual de ensino. Em uma
perspectiva qualitativa da pesquisa buscou-se compreender a política como texto e suas
implicações no contexto da prática. Acredita-se, por fim, que a GIDE altera a lógica escolar, a
função do gestor escolar e a forma como esse sujeito atua. Observa-se que pela cooptação,
pelos questionamentos na resistência ao modelo ou pelos silêncios e omissões, conceitos
caros a educação e as práticas no cotidiano são ressignificados, o que corrobora a distância
entre a política como texto e a prática da política. A GIDE é mais um instrumento de gestão
voltado para os resultados quantificáveis do processo educativo, distanciando-se da concepção
de educação como processo de formação humana e integral dos sujeitos.
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Evaluation of Systematic&Colour Print MottleChristoffersson, Jessica January 2005 (has links)
Print mottle is a problem that has been hassling the printing business for a long time. Along with sharpness and correct colour reproduction, absence of print mottle is one of the most important factors of print quality. The possibility to measure the amount of print mottle (reflectance variation) may in many ways facilitate the development of printing methods. Such a measurement model should preferably follow the functions and abilities of the Human Visual System (HVS). The traditional model that STFI-Packforsk has developed to measure print mottle uses frequency analysis to find variations in reflectance. However, this model suffers some limitations since is does not perfectly agree with the functions of the HVS and does only measure variations in lightness. A new model that better follows the functions of the HVS has thus been developed. The new model does not only consider variations in lightness (monochromatic) but also variations in colour (chromatic). The new model also puts a higher weight on systematic variations than on random variations since the human eye is more sensitive to ordered structures. Furthermore, the new model uses a contrast sensitivity function that weights the importance of variations in different frequencies. To compare the new model with the traditional STFI model, two tests were carried out. Each test consisted of a group of test patches that were evaluated by the traditional STFI model and the new model. The first test consisted of 15 greyscale test patches that originated from conventional flexo and offset presses. The second test consisted of 24 digitally simulated test patches containing colour mottle and systematic mottle. The evaluation results in both the traditional and the new model were compared to the results of a visual evaluation carried out using a panel of test persons. The new model produced a result that correlated considerably better with the visual estimation than what the traditional model did.
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Srovnání (a historická podmíněnost) výstupů ze strojových překladačů / Comparing Machine Translation Output (and the Way it Changes over Time)Kyselová, Soňa January 2018 (has links)
This diploma thesis focuses on machine translation (MT), which has been studied for a relatively long time in linguistics (and later also in translation studies) and which in recent years is at the forefront of the broader public as well. This thesis aims to explore the quality of machine translation outputs and the way it changes over time. The theoretical part first deals with the machine translation in general, namely basic definitions, brief history and approaches to machine translation, then describes online machine translation systems and evaluation methods. Finally, this part provides a methodological model for the empirical part. Using a set of texts translated with MT, the empirical part seeks to check how online machine translation systems deal with translation of different text-types and whether there is improvement of the quality of MT outputs over time. In order to do so, an analysis of text-type, semantics, lexicology, stylistics and pragmatics is carried out as well as a rating of the general applicability of the translation. The final part of this thesis compares and concludes the results of the analysis. With regard to this comparation, conclusions are made and general tendencies stated that have emerged from the empirical part of the thesis.
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Perception et confort acoustiques des systèmes de traitement d'air / Acoustic perception and comfort of air-treatment systemsMinard, Antoine 26 March 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier le confort acoustique ressenti par les usagers de systèmes de traitement d’air (STA), tels que les systèmes de climatisation installés en bureaux de différentes tailles, en prenant en compte les facteurs environnementaux liés au contexte particulier d’usage de ces produits. À l’origine s’est présenté le besoin industriel d’une norme fiable d’évaluation des sons émis par les STA, pour offrir une représentation plus fidèle de la perception que le seul standard existant aujourd’hui : le niveau acoustique émis exprimé en dBA. Ce contexte impose en premier lieu une étude approfondie de la perception des sons de STA tels qu’émis par les appareils. Ainsi, une démarche rigoureuse a été suivie allant du recueil d’un nombre conséquent d’enregistrements de sons de STA jusqu’à l’établissement d’une métrique robuste de prédiction de la qualité sonore perçue. Pour ce faire, ont tout d’abord été établies les différentes familles perceptives qui constituent l’ensemble des enregistrements de sons de STA effectués. De cet ensemble de familles a été extrait un corpus de travail permettant une complète représentativité des différents types de sons émis par les STA. Les attributs auditifs pertinents pour la description perceptive de ce corpus sonore ont ensuite été identifiés en appliquant les principes de l’étude du timbre musical, déjà adoptés avec succès pour la description d’autres types de sons de l’environnement. Ces attributs auditifs ont enfin servi de base descriptive pour expliquer les préférences des auditeurs vis-à-vis des sons de STA afin d’établir un prédicteur efficace de la qualité sonore à l’aide de descripteurs audio. Dans un second temps, afin de prendre en considération le contexte écologique des STA, l’influence de deux facteurs environnementaux sur l’évaluation de la qualité sonore des STA a été étudiée dans le but d’en évaluer l’importance sur le ressenti des usagers. D’une part, comme les STA étudiés sont des appareils exclusivement installés en intérieur (bureaux), l’effet de la réverbération sur l’évaluation de la qualité sonore a été étudié à l’aide d’un système d’auralisation permettant de reproduire virtuellement la réponse acoustique d’une salle. D’autre part, l’influence du contexte attentionnel des auditeurs sur la qualité sonore perçue a été évaluée à l’aide d’une étude comparative de différentes situations d’écoute. En effet, on observe que la perception du son émis par les STA se traduit typiquement par une forme de perturbation de leur occupation quotidienne.. Il est donc apparu pertinent d’évaluer à quel point le degré d’attention portée sur le son influe sur l’évaluation de la qualité sonore par les auditeurs. Ainsi nous avons pu établir dans quelles mesures et selon quelles limites le prédicteur de qualité sonore établi peut représenter fidèlement le confort ressenti par les usagers dans un contexte offrant un meilleur degré de validité écologique que les conditions habituelles de laboratoire. / This thesis addresses the perceived acoustic comfort of Air-Treatment Systems (ATS), such as air-conditioners installed in offices, by taking into account the environmental factors related to the specific context of ATS usage. The only existing standard to evaluate the sounds emitted by ATS, which is the emitted sound level in dBA, is only loosely related to perception. Therefore, the need of manufacturers for a more reliable standard arises. This implies a thorough study of the perception of the sound of ATS as it is emitted. A precise methodology was then followed: it includes first collecting a high number of ATS sound recordings, up to finally developing a robust metrics to predict the perceived sound quality. For that purpose, different perceptual categories were first identified to constitute the recording database of ATS sounds. A corpus considered as fully representative of the different types of emitted sounds was then extracted from the recording database. Current principles of musical timbre description have already proved to be adequate to other types of environmental sounds; by applying these principles, the relevant auditive attributes for the corpus perceptual description were identified. In order to develop an efficient sound quality predictor through audio features calculation, prominent features based on these auditive attributes were identified that explain the listeners’ preferences among ATS sounds. The ecological context of ATS was examined in a second step. Two environmental factors were addressed in the context of ATS sound quality evaluation to ponder their importance in the listeners’ perception. As the ATS under study are exclusively indoor systems designed for offices, the effect of reverberation on sound quality evaluation was first studied; for that purpose, an auralization tool was used to simulate room acoustic response. The influence of listeners’ attention context on perceived sound quality was then evaluated through a comparative study of various listening conditions. As a matter of fact, the sound emitted by ATS in real conditions is perceived as a perturbation of current activities. It is therefore relevant to evaluate how deeply the degree of attention related to the sound affects listeners as regards their perception of acoustic quality. Eventually, the relevance of the proposed sound quality predictor to comfort perception was assessed in conditions more ecologically representative than usual laboratory environment.
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Hodnocení kvality signálů EKG / ECG quality evaluationBracková, Michaela January 2019 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of the ECG quality evaluation. The theoretical part of the thesis contains an overview of the methods, which were studied and an explanation of the basic principles connected with the quality evaluation of the ECG signals. The practical part deals with the implementation of three selected methods, one of which is the continuous evaluation of signal quality by means of SNR (signal to noise ratio) calculation. The results of these methods are further discussed and compared.
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Hodnocení kvality signálů EKG / ECG quality evaluationVencel, Michal January 2021 (has links)
This seminar work deals with the topic of evaluating the quality of ECG signals. The introductory chapters explain the basic characteristics of ECG signals - measurement, the form of the measured signal, methods of analysis. The cardiac physiology and pathology is presented. The most common types of noise that occur in ECG signals are also mentioned. Further, the reader is acquainted with the importance of the issue of evaluating the quality of ECG signals. In the practical part of the work, two own methods for ECG quality evaluation are presented. First, a brief theoretical introduction to the techniques used in the creation of methoda is given, followed by a description of the principle of algorithms. In order to compare the functionality of the proposed methods, three more methods from other authors are presented. Their principle is briefly described. In the final chapter, all methods are subjected to functionality testing. The results are examined and all methods are compared with each other.
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[pt] O JOGO DA AVALIAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO PRÁTICO SOBRE TRADUÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA / [en] THE ASSESSMENT GAME: A PRACTICAL STUDY ON MACHINE TRANSLATION17 July 2019 (has links)
[pt] O presente trabalho discute práticas de avaliação de tradução, notadamente no contexto de sistemas de tradução automática (TA). É apresentada uma descrição de trabalhos relevantes de avaliação de TA, que abrangem a análise de sistemas e também a criação de taxonomias para avaliação de erros de TA. Em seguida, é realizada uma série de três jogos de avaliação de qualidade de tradução automática, baseados nos jogos de linguagem descritos nas Investigações fiilosóficas de Ludwig Wittgenstein. O jogo 1 abrangeu a pós-edição da tradução automática de pedidos de patentes por um tradutor profissional em dois sistemas distintos, com posterior avaliação de produtividade e análise das edições efetuadas. Os resultados quantitativos do jogo 1 revelam o impacto positivo do uso de TA na produtividade. Para uma avaliação qualitativa dos resultados, foi desenvolvida uma taxonomia das edições feitas durante a tarefa de pós-edição, e os resultados indicaram que o aumento de produtividade da TA não se deu às expensas da qualidade final do texto. O jogo 2 envolveu a comparação de duas traduções do mesmo texto, feitas pelo mesmo tradutor em um intervalo de vários anos, a primeira com memória de tradução, a segunda com pós-edição de TA, e serviu de base para uma discussão sobre a qualidade de tradução produzida em diferentes sistemas e condições de trabalhos. O jogo 3 compara a versão final dos dois textos-alvo editados no jogo 1 aos pedidos de patentes correspondentes, depositados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), para avaliar se o uso de TA teve algum impacto na qualidade final dos textos-alvo. Os resultados dos jogos 2 e 3 apontaram para um nível de qualidade superior das traduções produzidas por pós-edição de TA para este estudo, quando comparadas a traduções feitas em contextos profissionais. / [en] This work discusses translation assessment practices, most importantly machine translation (MT) assessment. Relevant literature for MT assessment is discussed, from MT systems assessment to the design of error typologies for MT assessment. The study encompasses a series of three MT quality assessment experiments based on the language games as described by Wittgenstein in his work Philosophical Investigations. Game 1 encompassed post-editing two patent documents using different MT systems, and further evaluating translator s productivity and analyzing the edits made. The quantitative results showed the positive impact of using MT in productivity. The qualitative results included a typology of the edits made during the PE task in both MT systems, and the results achieved showed that increased productivity did not affect translation quality level. Game 2 compares two translations of the same text produced several years apart by the same translator. The former was produced using a CAT tool; the latter, a TA system. Both served as the basis for discussing the quality of translations produced in different systems and under different work conditions. Game 3 compares the post-edited documents produced in the PE task of Game 1 to the actual patent documents as filed in Brazil s Patent Office (INPI) in order to evaluate the impact of MT over the quality of post-edited documents. The results of both games 2 and 3 pointed to a superior quality of the post-edited translations of the present study over translations produced in professional contexts.
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