Water pollution has become a global issue with impacts in all countries but particularly those undergoing rapid urbanisation such as China. The review for this thesis established that in 2015 China had 3,910 urban treatment plants with daily treatment capacity of 167million cubic metres. This treatment capacity was able to serve more than 90% of the population in urban regions. Compared to the previous 20 years, these treatment facilities represented a major improvement. However, the thesis uses recent annual environmental reports to show that this level of treatment is still not enough to avoid serious water pollution, more than 30% of Chinese rivers were classified as polluted. The main reason for this it is suggested is that most of treatment infrastructure is for urban areas and the rural areas still lack even basic treatment and rural communities represents about half the total Chinese population. The statistics reported in Chapter 2.1 indicates only 25.3% of towns and 11% of villages are connected to treatment facilities. It was concluded that this lower treatment rate was the major factor impacting on the water environment. Therefore, it is important to improve treatment infrastructure in China remote areas. The literature suggested that trickling filter (TF) technology had advantages as wastewater treatment in this type of situation namely Chinese rural areas. This thesis therefore reports on research to upgrade the TF basic processes to remove newly prioritized nutrient pollutants using novel, sustainable and easily available local media, these were; zeolite, maifan stone, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), brick, blast furnace slag and dolomite. The media were screened using simple absorption tests first focussing on P removal and then a short-listed group tested under dynamic pilot scale. Further static experiments were carried out on this group to understand the mechanisms involved. The pilot tests used the selected concrete and brick. The best performers against traditional media controls and the results showed pollutant removal (COD, TSS, Turbidity, TOC and N) in line with previous models. The media, except concrete, however released phosphorus. This was further confirmed by batch tests with different operating conditions which found the media released P when the initial P concentration was below 10mg/l or above 15mg/l. Concrete was not affected and continued to adsorb P under all conditions (Chapter 4). It was recommended that tests using crushed concrete for tertiary treatment be carried out. Concrete was further studies by isotherm models the best fit was the Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption of 6.88mg/g. The mechanism of adsorption was ionic attraction determined by kinetic study and thermodynamic models. The adsorption capacity was compared with other literature, and the results from this study suggested a larger size of crushed concrete (2-5mm) could be used for P removal as effectively as smaller sizes. In order to determine the phase of the P adsorbed, sequential extractions were carried out. The results confirmed labile or easily removed P (LBP) dominated (44%) followed by refractory or occluded P (O-P), Ca-P, Mg-P and Al-P. The literature, suggested LBP would be easily available to plants and the RCA could be reused for plant nutrient supply. Different grades of RCA in terms of their original water to cement ratio (W/C) were also tested for P removal. The study showed high W/C ratio removed more P due to the greater porosity and larger pore sizes than the lower W/C ratio.

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-05-07T15:29:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MicheliSilveiraGoncalves.pdf: 3809253 bytes, checksum: 08117d13836ff905179bd2fbdae30d28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MicheliSilveiraGoncalves.pdf: 3809253 bytes, checksum: 08117d13836ff905179bd2fbdae30d28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A preocupação com o meio ambiente e a escassez de recursos naturais tem levado à busca por alternativas de crescimento mais sustentáveis por parte de todos os segmentos da sociedade. Dentro desta corrida pelo bem estar ambiental, a reciclagem de resíduos tem se mostrado uma boa alternativa na redução do impacto causado pelo consumo desordenado de matéria-prima e pela redução das áreas de disposição, em virtude do grande volume de resíduos descartados a cada ano em todo mundo. Neste contexto encontram-se inseridos os resíduos da construção civil, foco deste trabalho, o qual tem como objetivo o estudo da influência da utilização de agregados reciclados de concreto para a produção de novos concretos e à verificação da potencialidade de reciclagem dos resíduos gerados pela indústria de pré-fabricados em concreto localizada no município de Porto Alegre. Para as novas matrizes de concreto confeccionaram-se três traços, com os dois resíduos gerados em maior quantidade pela indústria, sendo realizada a substituição do agregado graúdo natural pelo reciclado de concreto na quantidade de 50% em volume. Utilizou-se água de compensação na confeccção dos concretos com agregado reciclado devido as diferentes absorções de água. Nestes novos concretos verificou-se a influência do agregado reciclado sobre as propriedades mecânicas (resistência à compressão e à tração), propriedade de durabilidade (absorção de água) e observado o monitoramento da evolução da temperatura das reações de hidratação. A partir dos resultados obtidos realizaram-se análises estatísticas e apresentaram-se modelos matemáticos. Concluindo-se que os concretos confeccionados com ARCs, oriundos do processo de cura convencional, apresentaram acréscimo nas propriedades de resistência à compressão e à tração, enquanto os oriundos do processo de cura térmica, decréscimo quando comparados à referência. Já para a propriedade de absorção de água, verificou-se um aumento para os dois tipos de ARCs, quando compara-se à referência, não sendo este aumento significativo em escala real. Para o monitoramento da evolução da temperatura das reações de hidratação da pasta do concreto, verificou-se redução do início dos tempos, para as amostras contendo agregado reciclado, sem a presença de aditivo, ao comparar-se à referência, já para as amostras com aditivo, verificou-se maiores valores de temperatura, não sendo observada nenhuma tendência quanto ao início e fim dos tempos de evolução da temperarura das reações de hidratação das amostras de concreto. / The concern about the environment and the lack of natural resources has led all segments of society to the search for more sustainable alternatives of growth. In this run for environmental welfare, the recycling of material waste seems to be a good alternative for the reduction of the impact caused by the messy consumption of raw material and the reduction of provision areas, by virtue of the great amount of discarded waste every year in the world. In this context is the waste coming from civil construction, the focus of this work, which aims to study the influence of the use of recycled concrete aggregate for the production of new concrete and also the verification of the recycling potential of the waste generated by the industry ofprecast concrete located in the city of Porto Alegre. For new concrete matrixes crafted three traces, with the two waste materials generated in most part by the industry, having the replacement of the natural coarse aggregate been done with the recycled concrete in the volume of 50%. Compensation water was used in the making of concrete with recycled aggregate due to different levels of water absorption. In this new concrete was checked the influence of the recycled aggregate over the mechanical properties (resistance to compression and traction), durability property (water absorption) and was observed the monitoring of the evolution of temperature of the hydration reactions. From the results obtained, statistical analyses and mathematical models were made. It can be concluded that the concrete manufactured with RCAs (recycled concrete aggregate) coming from the conventional cure process showed increase in the properties of resistance to compression and to traction, while the ones coming from the process of thermal cure show decrease when compared to the reference. As for the property of water absorption, there is an increase for both kinds of RCAs when compared to the reference, not constituting a significant increase in real scale. For the monitoring of the temperature evolution of the hydration reactions of the concrete paste was verified decrease of the beginning of time for samples containing recycled aggregate without the presence of additive, when compared to the reference, was verified higher values of temperature, not having been observed any tendency regarding as start and end times for the evolution of temperarure the reactions of hydration of concrete samples.

In the process of crushing concrete waste, significant amounts of fine by-products, the so called fine recycled concrete aggregates (FRCA), are generated and excluded from potential use. Limited research has thoroughly investigated the performance of concrete mixes with FRCA, very likely due to the complexity in analysing non-negligible amounts of adhered residual cement paste (RCP). Although some studies have proposed promising sustainable mix-design procedures accounting for the different microstructure when using coarse recycled concrete aggregates (CRCA), no similar approach exists for FRCA concrete. In this work, two promising procedures for mix-designing eco-efficient concrete with 100% FRCA are proposed accounting for the presence of RCP to reduce cement content in new mixtures. First, built on top of the existing procedure for CRCA mix-design, modifications to the Equivalent Volume (EV) method were introduced toconsider full replacement of fine natural sand by FRCA. Second, based on the concept of continuous Particle Packing Models (PPM), an optimized procedure was proposed to allow maximum packing density of FRCA mix linked to a given level of measured RCP content. Results verified the feasibility of producing eco-efficient concrete mixes with 100% FRCA, emphasizing the PPM mixes to report superior rheological and mechanical performance along with suitable durability-related properties. Yet, results also indicated the influence of simple or multistage crushed FRCA on the overall performance of mixes.

Concrete is a material obtained by mixing raw materials such as cement, aggregates and water, and its per capita utilization is only behind water. Due to its large volume of use, it presents itself as a growing generator of waste and waste in civil construction. From the need to minimize these impacts on the environment with the possibility of reuse of concrete residues, transforming them into recycled concrete aggregates (ARGC). These materials are presented with high water absorption capacity and low specific mass. An alternative to improve this feature is the use of accelerated carbonation, which acts through the pores of the mortar adhered to the natural aggregate, producing carbonate elements that reduce the water absorption capacity and increase the specific mass. The objective of this research is to analyze the properties of the carbonated ARGC for concrete application. For this, a chamber was used in which the ARGC were submitted to concentrations of carbon dioxide. From the verification of the impact of carbonation on the samples, analyzed in mineralogical, thermal, microscopic and physical characterization tests, using as determinant impact value of the process, the capacity of absorption and specific mass, it was developed the reproduction of the carbonation parameters In scale for concrete production. They were produced: a reference concrete, with aggregates without carbonation, and their properties were compared with the samples of concrete with carbonated CGA, and analyzed its properties in fresh and hardened state. The ARGC presented, in its non-carbonated form, high absorption and low density, when compared to the natural aggregate, in contrast carbonation modified this picture with the formation of expansive products based on carbonates, which decreased the water absorption capacity and increased The density of carbonated ARGC when compared to untreated ARGC. Carbonation through the chamber proved to be an efficient method in this process, reflecting the behavior of the ARGC, which showed a decrease of 16.5% in the absorption capacity, a 1.53% increase in the specific mass and the formation of carbonates between the pores Of the ARGC. The concretes presented fluid abatement, mechanical strength of 25 MPa at 28 days and a mean carbonation depth of 12 mm. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O concreto é um material obtido pela mistura de matérias-primas como cimento, agregados e água, e sua utilização per capita fica atrás somente da água. Devido ao seu grande volume de utilização, apresenta-se como crescente gerador de resíduos e de desperdícios dentro da construção civil. A partir da necessidade de se minimizar estes impactos sobre o meio ambiente com a possibilidade de reutilização dos resíduos de concreto, transformando-os em agregados reciclados graúdos de concreto (ARGC). Estes materiais apresentam-se com alta capacidade de absorção de água e baixa massa específica. Uma alternativa para melhorar esta característica é a utilização da carbonatação acelerada, que age através dos poros da argamassa aderida ao agregado natural, produzindo elementos carbonáticos que reduzem a capacidade de absorção de água e aumentam a massa específica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as propriedades dos ARGC carbonatados para aplicação em concretos. Para isto foi utilizada uma câmara na qual os ARGC foram submetidos a concentrações de dióxido de carbono. A partir da verificação do impacto da carbonatação nas amostras, analisado em ensaios de caracterização mineralógica, térmicas, microscópicas e físicas, usando como valor de impacto determinante do processo, a capacidade de absorção e massa específica, desenvolveu-se a reprodução dos parâmetros da carbonatação em escala para produção de concretos. Foram produzidos: um concreto de referência, com agregados sem carbonatação, e suas propriedades foram comparadas com as amostras de concreto com ARGC carbonatado, e analisadas suas propriedades no estado fresco e endurecido. O ARGC apresentou, em sua forma não carbonatada, alta absorção e baixa densidade, quando comparados ao agregado natural, em contraponto a carbonatação modificou este quadro com a formação de produtos expansivos a base de carbonatos, que diminuíram a capacidade de absorção de água e aumentaram a densidade do ARGC carbonatado quando comparado ao ARGC sem tratamento. A carbonatação através da câmara mostrou-se um método eficiente neste processo, refletindo no comportamento do ARGC, que apresentou diminuição de 16,5% na capacidade de absorção, 1,53% de aumento na massa específica e a formação de carbonatos entre os poros do ARGC. Os concretos apresentaram abatimento fluido, resistência mecânica de 25 MPa aos 28 dias e uma profundidade de carbonatação média de 12 mm.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2919741 bytes, checksum: e2646db8015a4181da35e3ee2b1a0e33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation is included in area of reuse of solid wastes in paving, with objective to use recycled concrete aggregates and pellet in asphaltic surface course. The aim of the research was to analyze the technical feasibility of asphalt mixtures made with recycled concrete aggregates and pellet, in partial replacement of natural aggregates of the conventional asphalt mix, from tests of physical characterization of aggregates and mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures. The materials used were crushed stone 19 mm, crushed stone 12 mm, crusher dust, recycled concrete aggregate, pellet and 50/70 pen asphalt cement, these materials were obtained from companies in the state of Paraíba. For natural aggregates were performed grading, Los Angeles abrasion, absorption and density. For recycled concrete aggregates were made grading and specific density, and for pellet was carried out grading. One conventional asphaltic mixture were produced containing natural aggregates (crushed stone 19, crushed stone 12, crusher dust) and 50/70 pen asphalt cement, and five asphaltic mixtures were made with partial replacements of crusher dust for recycled concrete aggregates and pellet, in proportions: i) 25% of recycled concrete aggregates; ii) 2% of pellet; iii) 4% of pellet; iv) 23% of recycled concrete aggregates with 2% of pellet, and v) 21% of recycled concrete aggregates with 4% of pellet. The C grading envelope was used and chosen according to DNIT ES 031/2006. The mixtures were performed by the Marshall mix design. The mechanical tests performed were Marshall stability, tensile strength by diametric compression, resilient modulus and Lottman test. The hot asphalt mix containing 75% of natural aggregates, 23% of recycled concrete aggregates and 2% of pellet showed greatest number of parameters in accordance with the technical standards, as a result the best technical viability / Esta dissertação está inserida na problemática de reaproveitamento de resíduos sólidos na pavimentação, buscando o emprego de agregados de resíduos de concreto e pelete em revestimentos asfálticos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a viabilidade técnica de misturas asfálticas feitas com agregados de resíduos de concreto e pelete, em substituição parcial aos agregados naturais de mistura asfáltica convencional tipo CBUQ, a partir de ensaios de caracterização física dos agregados e de desempenho mecânico das misturas asfálticas. Os materiais empregados foram brita 19, brita 12, pó de pedra, agregados de resíduos de concreto, pelete e CAP 50/70, obtidos de empresas do Estado da Paraíba. Para os agregados naturais foram realizados a granulometria, abrasão Los Angeles, absorção e densidade. Para os agregados de resíduos de concreto foram realizados os ensaios de granulometria e massa específica, e para o pelete foi realizada a granulometria. Seis misturas asfálticas foram realizadas, sendo uma mistura de referência com os agregados naturais (brita 19, brita 12 e pó de pedra) e CAP 50/70; as demais misturas foram feitas com substituições parciais do pó de pedra pelos agregados de resíduos de concreto e pelete, nas proporções: i) 25% de agregados de resíduos de concreto; ii) 2% de pelete; iii) 4% de pelete; iv) 23% de agregados de resíduos de concreto com 2% de pelete, e v) 21% de agregados de resíduos de concreto com 4% de pelete. A faixa granulométrica utilizada foi a faixa C, que foi escolhida com base na norma DNIT 031/2006 ES. As dosagens realizadas foram por meio do método Marshall. Os ensaios mecânicos realizados foram estabilidade Marshall, resistência à tração por compressão diametral, módulo de resiliência e o ensaio Lottman. A mistura asfáltica tipo CBUQ com 75% de agregados naturais, 23% de agregados de resíduos de concreto e 2% de pelete se apresentou com maior número de parâmetros em conformidade com as normas técnicas, o que evidenciou sua maior viabilidade técnica em relação às demais misturas asfálticas modificadas

Many highway and hydraulic structures in North America have been reported to be affected by alkali aggregate reaction (ASR). It is anticipated that most of these structures will be demolished as they approach the end of their service lives. Recycling demolished concrete as aggregates in new concrete is an option that not only reduces the amount of construction demolition waste (CDW) disposed in landfills but also lessens the consumption of non-renewable resources such as natural aggregates. However, the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in new concrete requires detailed research to make sure that the durability of the recycled material is not compromised, especially if the RCA had been previously affected by ASR. In this research project, coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is reclaimed and processed from distinct members (i.e. foundation blocks, bridge deck and columns) of an ASR-affected overpass after nearly 50 years of service. RCA concrete mixtures incorporating 50 and 100% replacement are manufactured and stored in conditions enabling further ASR development. Mechanical (i.e. Stiffness Damage Test - SDT) and microscopic (Damage Rating Index - DRI) analyses are performed at a fixed “secondary” induced expansion of 0.12%. Results show that the overall performance of the ASR-affected recycled mixtures depends upon the “past” condition of the RCA particles. Moreover, the DRI was able to capture the “past” and “secondary” induced expansion and damage of affected RCA while the SDT only detected the “secondary” distress development. Lastly, an adapted version of the DRI was proposed to further evaluate the overall damage of recycled concrete along with properly displaying “past” and “secondary” induced distress.

Syftet med studien är att bedöma miljöpåverkan av tre alternativ av väggelement med olika ballastmaterial. Alternativ 1 har 100% krossad återvunnen betong som ballast. Alternativ 2 har ballast av krossat berg. I alternativ 3 består ballasten av naturgrus i fina fraktionerna och krossat berg i grova fraktionerna. Väggelementet i alternativ 3 är en av produkterna som tillverkas av företaget Hedareds Sand och Betong AB (Heda), ett prefabriceringsföretag i Hedared som ligger ca. 17 km utanför Borås. Återvunnen betong har den självklara fördelen att man undviker deponering av betongavfall. Med mindre kostnader och mindre belastning på miljön bidrar detta till hållbar utveckling inom betongindustri. Som metod har livscykelanalys använts. Livscykelanalys är en metod som används för att bedöma miljöpåverkan av en produkt eller en service under hela eller del av sin livstid. När livscykelanalys används för att jämföra olika produkter, vilket är fallet i den här studien, kan man begränsa att studera del av livstiden. I den här studien har man valt att studera de två första skeden av elementens livscykel, dvs anskaffningen av råvaror och transporter av råvaror till anläggningen där elementen tillverkas. Man har antagit att tillverkningsprocessen för alla tre alternativ är samma, varför man exkluderat detta från livscykelanalysen. De kategorier man har valt att undersöka är: klimatpåverkan, förtunning av ozonlagret, försurning, övergödning, skapande av marknära ozon och abiotiska resursutarmning. I studien har två scenario studerats. Det första är att restbetong transporteras från Hedas anläggning till krossanläggning 18 km bort för att sedan transportera ballasten tillbaka till Heda. I det scenariot har det visat sig att alternativ 1 har lägre påverkan än alternativ 3 i alla kategorier. Detta trots att alternativ 3 har färre transportsträckor än alternativ 1. Men det är alternativ 2 som har lägsta påverkan i alla kategorier. En stark orsak är att alternativ 2 har 80 kg mindre cement per kubikmeterelement än de två andra alternativen som har samma recept förutom ballasten. I det andra scenariot antas att krossningen sker vid Hedas anläggning med mobil krossanläggning. Scenariot uppvisar starkt förbättring av alternativ 1 ur miljösynpunkt. Alternativ 2 har i det nya scenariot högre påverkan än alternativ 1 i två av kategorierna (förtunning av ozonlagret +37 % och övergödning +2 %). I de övriga kategorierna är alternativ 2 fortfarande bättre än alternativ 1, även om skillnaderna är små. Alternativ 3 är sämsta för miljön eftersom det har största påverkan i samtliga studerade kategorierna.   I fem av kategorierna är det cementet som dominerar miljöpåverkan. I den sjätte kategorin, förtunning av ozonlagret, är det transporterna som bidrar mest till miljöpåverkan. Sammantaget är påverkan från ballasten förhållandevis mindre avgörande. Därför kan återvunnen betong som ballast till väggelement bli fördelaktig ur miljösynpunkt om den inte medför ökning av andra råvaror framförallt cement för att kompensera eventuella sämre hållfasthet. Samtidigt om logistiken kring återvunnen betong är optimerat så att det inte medför väsentligt fler och längre transportsträckor. / The aim of the study is to assess the environmental impact of three alternatives of walling with different aggregate. Option 1 has 100% crushed recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Option 2 has aggregate of crushed rock. In option 3, the aggregate consists of natural gravel in the fine fractions and crushed rock in the rough fractions. The wall element in option 3 is one of the products manufactured by the company Hedareds Sand and Betong AB (Heda), a prefabrication company in the Hedared which is located about 17 km outside Borås. RCA has the obvious advantage of avoiding landfilling of concrete waste. With less costs and less burden on the environment contributes to sustainable development in the concrete industry.   Life cycle assessment has been used as a method. Life cycle assessment is a method used to assess the environmental impact of a product or service throughout or part of its lifetime. When life cycle analysis is used to compare different products, as is the case in this study, it can be limited to study part of the lifetime. This study has chosen to study the first two phases of the life cycle of the elements, i.e. the acquisition of raw materials and the transportation of raw materials to the plant where the elements are produced. It has been assumed that the manufacturing process for all three alternatives is the same, which is why it was excluded from the life cycle assessment. The categories chosen to investigate are: Global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidation and abiotic depletion.   In the study, two scenarios have been studied. The first is that the concrete waste is transported from Hedas plant to crushing plant 18 km away and then transport the ballast back to Heda. In this scenario, option 1 has been shown to have a lower impact than option 3 in all categories. This is even though option 3 has fewer transport distances than option 1. But it's option 2 that has the lowest impact in all categories. A strong cause is that option 2 has 80 kg less cement per cubic meter element than the two other options which have the same recipe except for the aggregate. In the second scenario, it is assumed that the crushing takes place at Hedas plant with mobile crushing plant. The scenario shows a strong improvement in option 1 from an environmental point of view. In the new scenario, option 2 has a higher impact than option 1 in two of the categories (ozone depletion + 37% and eutrophication + 2%). In the other categories, option 2 is still better than option 1, although the differences are small. Option 3 is the worst for the environment as it has the greatest impact in all the studied categories.  In five of the categories, it is the cement that dominates the environmental impact. In the sixth category, the ozone depletion, it is the transport that contributes most to environmental impact. Overall, the influence of the ballast is relatively less decisive. Therefore, RCA to walling can be beneficial from an environmental point of view if it does not lead to an increase in other raw materials above all cement to compensate for any weaker strength. At the same time if the logistics of recycled concrete is optimized so that it does not involve significantly more and longer transport distances.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-02-02T00:09:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CONCRETO COM AGREGADO GRAU?DO RECICLADO DE CONCRETO_DOSAGEM E PRODUC?A?O.pdf: 3147518 bytes, checksum: 5fc02389f0e0978e3636005417e03f9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-02T00:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CONCRETO COM AGREGADO GRAU?DO RECICLADO DE CONCRETO_DOSAGEM E PRODUC?A?O.pdf: 3147518 bytes, checksum: 5fc02389f0e0978e3636005417e03f9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A proper mix design and production must be done in order to increase the use of recycled concrete. The type of recycled aggregate (RA) used, the best replacement content, the best sequence and mixing time and the best way to evaluate the workability are some of the features that must be considered. Thus, this work was done to evaluate the mix design and production of concrete with concrete recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), using as a measure of workability the flow test in Graff?s table. Two levels of recycled coarse aggregate (20 and 40%), two levels of flow, for plastic and fluid mixtures, (350 and 400mm), and two mix design methods (IPT/EPUSP and ABCP) were evaluated on the concrete compressive strength, at 7 and 28 days of age. The results pointed out that the IPT/EPUSP mix design method was more suitable for recycled concrete. The flow test in Graff?s table, as a measure of workability, and the two stage mixture approach presented to be more suitable for the mix design and production of recycled concrete. Also, in this study, the concrete RCA content evaluated did not influence the compressive strength of concrete produced. So, it is completely feasible to use up to 40% replacement of NCA by concrete RCA. / Para ampliar o uso de concretos reciclados deve-se estabelecer a sua dosagem e produ??o considerando aspectos relacionados com o tipo de agregado reciclado (AR) utilizado, o melhor teor de AR, a melhor sequ?ncia e tempo de mistura e a melhor forma de avaliar a trabalhabilidade desses concretos. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a dosagem e produ??o de concretos com ARs de concreto, usando como medida de trabalhabilidade o ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff. Os teores de aplica??o do agregado gra?do reciclado(AGR) foram 20 e 40%. Foram avaliados dois n?veis de espalhamento (350 e 400mm) e dois m?todos de dosagem (IPT/EPUSP e ABCP). Os concretos foram avaliados ainda quanto a resist?ncia ? compress?o axial, aos 7 e 28 dias, e os resultados obtidos foram tratados estatisticamente atrav?s da an?lise de vari?ncia(ANOVA). Os resultados mostraram que o m?todo de dosagem do IPT/EPUSP apresentou-se mais adequado para a dosagem de concretos reciclados. O ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff, como medida da trabalhabilidade, e o m?todo de mistura em duas etapas apresentaram-se adequados para a dosagem e produ??o de concretos reciclados. Nesse estudo, o teor de AGR avaliado n?o influenciou a resist?ncia ? compress?o dos concretos produzidos, sendo plenamente vi?vel o uso de at? 40% do agregado gra?do reciclado de concreto.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-09T19:46:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafaela Gava Padovan.pdf: 7081051 bytes, checksum: 9e1501c4f4ebed520c7882be21164038 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T19:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafaela Gava Padovan.pdf: 7081051 bytes, checksum: 9e1501c4f4ebed520c7882be21164038 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Os agregados reciclados de concreto, de um modo geral, apresentam elevada absorção de água, em função da sua maior porosidade. Esta absorção resulta em alterações no teor de água das misturas, e têm implicação direta sobre as propriedades microestruturais dos materiais à base de cimento, não sendo diferente com o agregado reciclado. Contudo, tais alterações ainda são pouco conhecidas nestes materiais. Esta pesquisa possui o objetivo de determinar a influência do processo de pré-molhagem do agregado no comportamento de concretos desenvolvidos através da incorporação de agregado graúdo reciclado de concreto (AGRC) em substituição ao agregado graúdo natural (AGN). O teor de substituição do AGRC em relação ao AGN utilizado foi de 50% em relação ao volume do concreto. Previamente à utilização do AGRC, foi realizada uma pré-molhagem do material com percentuais na ordem de 40, 60, 80 e 100% da água relativa à absorção total do resíduo. Foram adotadas relações água/cimento iniciais de 0,45; 0,55 e 0,65. O abatimento foi fixado em 100 ± 20 mm, realizando-se uma compensação de água da mistura no teor necessário para atingir este abatimento. Num segundo grupo, a menor quantidade de água utilizada na produção dos concretos sem aditivo foi adotada para a produção dos mesmos concretos, com percentuais de pré-molhagem de 40, 60 e 80%, utilizando-se aditivo superplastificante ao invés de água para que fosse atingido o abatimento fixado. Verificou-se a influência da pré-molhagem do AGRC sobre as propriedades do concreto fresco, através da determinação da consistência ao longo do tempo; e do concreto endurecido, através da resistência à compressão e absorção de água por capilaridade dos concretos, e a alteração de porosidade de amostras de argamassa extraídas dos concretos frescos após diferentes tempos de contato com o agregado reciclado. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a trabalhabilidade e a resistência a compressão dos concretos com AGRC são pouco influenciadas pelo teor de pré-molhagem, enquanto que a permeabilidade a água e o teor de vazios existente na argamassa da mistura sofrem influencia significativa: nos concretos com AGRC sem aditivo, há pequenas variações de permeabilidade e porosidade, sendo que o teor de pré-molhagem de 80% resulta em concretos menos porosos. Entretanto, nos concretos com AGRC e aditivo superplastificante, o menor teor de pré-molhagem testado (40%) se revela a melhor opção, pois a água de mistura é absorvida pelos poros vazios do agregado reciclado, o que diminui a porosidade da argamassa, e consequentemente a capilaridade do concreto. / Recycled aggregates have high water absorption properties due to its high porosity. It changes the water content of the mixtures, and has implications on the microstructural properties of cement-based materials as those who uses recycled aggregate; however, little is known about these materials. This research has the objective of determining the influence of aggregate pre-wetting in new concrete made with recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC) replacing natural aggregate. The substitution ratio of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in relation to RCAC was 50% relative to the volume of the concrete. Prior to employing RCAC, it was pre-wetted with pre-wetting levels of 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the total water absorption of the residue. Water to cement ratios were initially determined to be 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65. The slump was set at 100 ± 20 mm, performing a compensation on the water content of the mixture required to get this slump. In a second group, the smallest amount of water used in the concrete’s production without additive was set with saturation levels of 40, 60 and 80%, using a superplasticizer instead of water to achieve the required slump. The recycled concrete produced was found to influence the pre-wetting RCAC on the properties of fresh concrete, through determination of consistency over time, compressive strength and durability and water absorption by capillarity. Mortar samples were obtained from the extraction of recycled concrete. These samples were analyzed for porosity. The results indicate that the workability and the compressive strength of concretes with AGRC are little influenced by the amount of pre-wetting, while the water permeability and the void content of the mixture existing in the mortar suffer significant influence: in the concrete with no additive AGRC there are small variations in porosity and permeability, and in the amount of pre-wetting results in 80% less porous concrete. However, in concrete with AGRC and superplasticizer, the lowest level of pre-wetting tested (40%) proves the best option, because the mixing water is absorbed by the empty pores of recycled aggregate, which reduces the porosity of the mortar, and consequently the capillarity of hard concrete.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-04-18T16:00:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Isabel Hentges_.pdf: 11562616 bytes, checksum: 76c15f0e9ee280811a91bbb6d05b0494 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T16:00:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Isabel Hentges_.pdf: 11562616 bytes, checksum: 76c15f0e9ee280811a91bbb6d05b0494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Pesquisas vêm desenvolvendo formas de mitigar os efeitos da absorção de água de agregados graúdos reciclados quando inseridos em novas misturas de concreto, de forma que as características mecânicas e de durabilidade desses agregados e dos concretos que o empregam sejam melhoradas. Destacam-se, nesse sentido, a carbonatação e a impregnação em solução de pozolanas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o tratamento do agregado graúdo reciclado de concreto através da carbonatação e da impregnação de microfinos de cerâmica vermelha (MCV), para emprego em misturas de concreto. Para avaliação do tratamento do AGRC foi executada absorção de água dos agregados, abatimento ao longo do tempo e resistividade elétrica dos concretos no estado fresco, além de resistência à compressão e absorção de água por capilaridade no estado endurecido. Foi, ainda, realizada análise por microscópio eletrônico de varredura dos agregados e da zona de transição com novas argamassas. Por último, foi realizada análise da redução nas gerações de gás carbônico devido ao uso de AGRCs e à carbonatação. Como resultados, tem-se a redução da absorção de água dos agregados, verificada também pela resistividade elétrica no estado fresco. O abatimento ao longo do tempo não apresentou diferenças significativas com a alteração no tipo de agregado utilizado. As propriedades mecânicas dos concretos contendo AGRC tratado com MCV são comparáveis às de concretos contendo apenas agregados naturais e os concretos contendo AGRC carbonatados não reduzem significativamente as resistências. A absorção de água por capilaridade foi reduzida ao empregar concretos com agregados carbonatados e aumentou para os concretos com AGRC tratado com MCV, de forma similar a outros trabalhos que empregaram pozolanas. Analisando-se as emissões de CO2 isoladamente por parte dos agregados reciclados, verifica-se a redução de 40% com o emprego desses e de 49% com a carbonatação dos mesmos. Por outro lado, quando verificada a ecoeficiência das emissões por MPa considerando o consumo de cimento, essa diferença é reduzida de forma que as emissões relativas se apresentam com valores similares. / Research has been developing ways to mitigate water absorption effects from recycled concrete aggregates use in new concrete mixtures, so that the mechanical and durability characteristics of these aggregates and the concretes that use it are improved. In this sense, the carbonation and impregnation in solution of pozzolans are highlighted. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment of coarse recycled concrete aggregate (CRCA) by carbonation and impregnation of red ceramic microfines (RCM) powder for use in concrete mixtures. To evaluate the treatment of the CRCA, water absorption of the aggregates, reduction over time and electrical resistivity of the concretes in the fresh state were performed, as well as compressive strength and water absorption by capillarity in the hardened state. It was also carried out by scanning electron microscope of the aggregates and the transition zone with new mortars. It was also performed by analysis of scanning electron microscope aggregates and the transition zone with new mortar. Finally, was conducted analysis of the reduction in the generation of carbon dioxide from the use of CRCAs and carbonation. As results, there is a reduction in the water absorption of the aggregates, also verified by the electrical resistivity in the fresh state. The slump loss did not present significant differences by changes on aggregate type used. The mechanical properties of the concrete containing CRCA treated by RCM are comparable to those of concrete containing only natural aggregates, and the concrete containing carbonated CRCAs do not significantly reduce the strengths. The capillary water absorption was reduced when using concrete with carbonate aggregates and increased for concrete with CRCA treated with RCW, in a similar way to other works that used pozolanas. Analyzing CO2 emissions alone from the recycled aggregates, the reduction of 40% is achieved using these and 49% by the carbonation of them. On the other hand, when the eco-efficiency of the emissions per MPa is verified considering the cement consumption, this difference is reduced so that the relative emissions present themselves with similar values.