Reverse Logistics (RL) is complex to be managed due to the uncertainty involved e.g. the quality range of products, timing of product returns, and volume of returns. A robust RL design can contribute to increase the effectiveness of RL operations. Therefore, an RL design framework needs to be formalised. Circular economy (CE) focuses on supporting the separation of treatments between technical and biological materials in maximising the design for reuse to return to the biosphere and retain value through innovations across fields. The aim of the research is to develop a new framework to design RL operations based on CE values that can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of RL operations. This research has been conducted through the qualitative research involving cases in product recovery (PR) options that are analysed in-depth. Literature review and interview are the main methods of this research. A test was conducted by interviewing expert and respondents to obtain the expert view and test the research result which is a developed framework to design RL based on CE values. The testing engaged five criteria (usability, feasibility, consistency, effectiveness, and utility). The formal RL design framework, 15 CE values, framework to design RL based on CE values specifically PR options (repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing, and cannibalisation) are main research findings. The research contributes academically to the development of a formal RL design framework and to the identification, reformulation, redefinition, and implementation of CE values. The research can be used as a basis for an effective design of RL that takes into account the economic, environmental, and social impacts. The research can be used as a guideline or an appraisal tool in designing/modifying RL based on CE values that can support the implementation of a single RL operation and also RL based on CE.

O aumento do consumo e a geração de resíduos e as novas propostas de desenvolvimento de conceitos e práticas de sustentabilidade fizeram com que a sociedade passasse a refletir sobre tais eventos, colocando em discussão o ciclo de vida dos produtos. Neste contexto, o conceito de logística reversa (LR) se desenvolveu, principalmente quanto ao aspecto econômico. Mas, sendo este conceito fundamentado ao da sustentabilidade, torna-se importante acompanhar as práticas, inclusive quanto aos efeitos sociais e ambientais. Atrelado a isso e a dois outros fatores: i) o fato de que alguns trabalhos identificaram que processos de LR nem sempre garantem melhorias econômicas para a empresa, sendo que o efeito econômico estava relacionado aos fatores intrínsecos do processo, e que ii) o Pet é um dos materiais de fácil acesso pela população, ocasionando um grande volume de resíduos de longa decomposição; o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar quais decisões sobre os fatores inerentes a um processo produtivo envolvendo LR de Ref Pet são capazes de impactar na sustentabilidade do mesmo. Neste sentido, a proposta volta-se para o desenvolvimento de um modelo que permita analisar os benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais, com base em informações do processo, de modo que a empresa possa acompanhar e melhorar o equilíbrio deste tripé em seu processo produtivo, buscando garantir ou identificar necessidades de mudanças para alcançar a sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento do modelo deu-se por meio da revisão bibliográfica e do estudo exploratório realizado em uma indústria de refrigerantes, permitindo conhecer em detalhes o processo de logística reversa de Ref Pet. Esta etapa foi fundamental para a definição dos inputs, subindicadores e indicadores que formaram os três índices: econômico, social e ambiental. A transformação dos indicadores em índices ocorreu por meio da técnica de análise fatorial, sendo que, depois de finalizado o modelo procedeu-se com análise de sensibilidade, a qual permitiu identificar o fator intrínseco ao processo mais representativo para cada índice. Demonstrou-se que, com este modelo a empresa pode simular cenários de decisão, identificando o impacto que eles trarão para a sustentabilidade do processo produtivo, uma vez que é permitido identificar qual a sensibilidade de cada índice frente aos fatores inerentes ao processo. Assim, a empresa pode tomar decisões visando o equilíbrio econômico, social e ambiental em seu negócio buscando ações para mantê-lo, exercendo papel importante na sociedade. Portanto, o modelo proposto pode auxiliar uma empresa na identificação do impacto de seu processo de logística reversa nos três índices, acompanhando a evolução e tomando medidas para melhorá-los. Ademais, permite analisar a sensibilidade da sustentabilidade do processo quando das variações dos inputs. Finalmente, o estudo traz detalhamentos sobre as especificidades de um processo de logística reversa de Ref PET, capaz de contribuir para a literatura e para os próximos estudos nesta linha. / The increased consumption, and waste generation, and the new proposals of development concepts, and sustainability practices have caused society to reflect about these events, inciting discussions regarding the life cycle of these products. In this context, the reverse logistics concept (RL) was developed referring mainly to the economic aspect. But, considering that the RL concept is based on sustainability, it is important to monitor the practices including those that concern social and environmental effects. Connecting to this and to two other factors: i) the fact that some studies have identified that RL processes does not always guarantee economic improvements for the company, whereas economic effect was related to intrinsic factors in the process, and ii) Pet is easily accessible by the population, resulting in large amounts of long decomposition waste; the objective of this research was to identify which decisions regarding inherent factors in the production process involving RL Returnable PET Bottles can impact sustainability. In this sense, the proposal is aimed to the development of a model to analyze the economic, social and environmental benefits, based on information from the process, so that the company can monitor and improve the balance of this tripod in its production process, seeking to guarantee or identify changing needs to achieve sustainability. The development of the model occurred by means of literature review and exploratory study in a soft drink industry, which allowed knowing in detail the process of Returnable PET Bottles involving RL. This step was fundamental in order to define the inputs, indicators and sub-indicators that formed the three indices: economic, social and environmental. The transformation of the indicators into indices was obtained by applying technique of factor analysis, and, after the finalization of the model, sensitivity analysis was conducted, which allowed identifying the most representative intrinsic factor in the process for each index. Therefore, demonstrating with this model that the company can simulate scenarios for decision, identifying the impact they will bring upon the sustainability of the production process. Since it is possible to identify the sensitivity of each index compared to the inherent factors in the process. Thereby, the company can take decisions seeking economic, social and environmental balance in their business, seeking actions to maintain, performing an important role in society. Thus, the proposed model can assist a company in identifying the impact of their reverse logistics process in the three indices, monitoring the evolution and taking steps to improve them. Furthermore, the model allows analyzing the sensitivity of the sustainability of the process in the case of input variations. Finally, the study brings more details on the specific characteristics of a Reverse Logistics process of Returnable PET Bottles, contributing to the literature and future studies in this research line.

O descarte de pneus inservíveis vem se tornando um problema mundial. No Brasil, desde 2002, os fabricantes e importadores são os responsáveis pela coleta e destinação desse material. A partir da revisão da Resolução no 258/99 e aprovação da Resolução no 416/09 houve um crescimento no número de pontos de coleta, empresas de pré-tratamento e valorização energética no país. O Brasil possui capacidade ociosa em todos os processos existentes de reciclagem e valorização energética. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a logística reversa dos pneus usados no Brasil, desde os pontos de coleta até a sua destinação final, avaliando o cenário atual e propondo mudanças para a melhoria dos sistemas implementados pelos fabricantes, importadores, revendas e distribuidores, e pelas empresas de prétratamento. Foram realizadas pesquisas de campo em pontos de coleta, empresas de pré-tratamento, borracharias, empresas de coprocessamento, de triagem e seleção, reformadores e recicladores, associações que representam os fabricantes, além de entidades internacionais que trabalham com a reciclagem de pneus com o objetivo de avaliar os modelos utilizados e comparar com o sistema implementado no Brasil. Trata-se de uma alternativa para o cumprimento das metas estabelecidas pelos órgãos ambientais para a redução do passivo ambiental. Foi montado um algoritmo genético para simulação da coleta e destinação dos pneus usados no Estado de São Paulo, sendo o excedente da capacidade enviado para os Estados de Minas Gerais e para o Paraná para coprocessamento. / The discarding of dischargeable tires has becoming a worldwide problem. In Brazil, since 2002, the manufacturers and importers are responsible for collecting and destination of such product. Since the Resolution revision no 258/99 and approval of Resolution no 416/09 there was an improvement in the collect stations, pre-treatment and energetic valorization companies in the country. Brazil has an idle capacity in all existing recycling processes and energetic valorization. This thesis presents an analysis of reverse logistics for the tires used in Brazil, since the collect stations to the final destination, evaluating a nowadays scenario, proposing changes so that to improve the existing systems used by the manufacturers, importers, resale and dealers as well as for the pre-treatment companies. Field researches in the collect stations, pre-treatment, tire repair, co-processing companies, screening and selection, retread and recyclers, associations that represent the manufacturers and international entities which work with tires recycle, viewing analyze the models used by them and compare to the implemented system in Brazil. It is an alternative to comply with the established targets by the environmental entities for the reduction of the environmental liabilities. It was elaborated an algorithm and made a simulation of all collect and destination stations in São Paulo state, being the capacity surplus sent to Minas Gerais and Paraná states for co-processing.

In the competitive world of manufacturing, companies are often searching for new ways to improve their process, customer satisfaction and stay ahead in the game with their competitors. Reverse logistics has been considered a strategy to bring these things to life for the past decade or so. This thesis work tries to shed some light on the basics of reverse logistics and how reverse logistics can be used as a management strategy. This paper points out the fundamentals of reverse logistics and looks into what kind of decisions today’s logistics managers have to take on a daily basis for the improvement of their logistics model. A growing concern has been developing to control rising global pollution, this paper also brings out some of the effects of reverse logistics decisions on the environment and vice versa. The thesis starts out by compiling the works of researchers and logistics experts in the field of logistics in the theoretical background section. Through a survey conducted in a few manufacturing firms in India, a small picture of the extent to which reverse logistics has penetrated the manufacturing world has been drawn.

Although the research in the field of the performance measurement system for remanufacturing activities is partial, an amount of literature and research has been performed regarding the performance measurement applicable for remanufacturing activities. The success of applying a performance measurement system on Remanufacturing relies on the relationship and inclusion of all perspectives; from customers to financial, as well as the remanufacturing process, and all challenges facing a remanufacturing process. Since the retrieval of used products is essential to the remanufacturers, the successful management of those specific processes contributes to an effective and efficient outcome of a Remanufacturing business’s performance outcome.

The application of innovative methods to diminish the amount of human creation called “waste” should be applied not only under commercial terms, but also under the humanitarian concept. Negative results of focusing only on the fastest relief of human suffer without attending the consequences of the flow of items left on the disaster zones, could bring in the medium term, critical environmental consequences, due to the creation of new waste. This research analyzes relevant approaches of the Humanitarian Relief of Aid under a Humanitarian Logistics point of view. It aims to find if those approaches have already a Reverse Logistic phase of the items provided by donors. The results demonstrate the absence of a Reverse Logistics Phase for items brought to disaster zones. Thus, some proposals were suggested for a new Reverse Logistic Phase in any humanitarian relief of aid. NGOs, donors participation, coordination among players on the scene, managing inventories, last mile distribution, performance measurement, relief of aid models,  and reverse logistics concepts applied to the humanitarian field would be only some of the themes revised on this research. These aim to enrich the readers’ knowledge on the topic as well as to provide an open panorama of the humanitarian actions employed in each Natural Disaster. The reader would acquire sufficient understanding to determine how feasible and reachable are the alternatives proposed by the authors. The relevance of this theme reveals a critical and not yet researched niche in Reverse Logistics under Humanitarian Logistics. It encourages more readers to research on it, explore and apply in future natural disasters. This research used a qualitative approach employing a semi-structured interview made to small and large humanitarian organizations.

Titel: Waste Management – Förbättringsförslag av återvinningsprocessen inom hemelektronikbranschen. Bakgrund: I en bransch som kännetecknas av snabb teknologisk utveckling är det viktigt att se till att de produkter som kommer ut på marknaden också tas om hand på ett bra sätt i slutet av sitt funktionella liv. Hur ser återvinningsprocessen hos företagen ut idag och vad kan göras för att minska de växande problem som framkommer i samband med den ökade konsumtionen? Genom att granska fenomenet Waste Management avser uppsatsen angripa slöseri i logistikflödet och finna förbättringar av dagens återvinningsprocess av uttjänta hemelektronikprodukter. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga återvinningsprocessen inom branschen för hemelektronik i syfte att identifiera potentiella förbättringsåtgärder med det samhällsekonomiska målet att uppnå ett större returflöde i logistiksystemet ur ett företagsperspektiv. Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsmetod som gjorts baserat på en flerfallsstudie. Primärdata har samlats in genom semi-strukturerade besöksintervjuer och asynkrona individuella intervjuer online utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval. Studien intar ett positivistiskt synsätt och det vetenskapliga angreppssättet är abduktivt. Analysen utgörs enligt en mönsterjämförelse med avseende på produkttyper, kompensation och information till kund. Slutsats: Författarna kommer efter analys av funktionsflödesschema och mönsterjämförelse fram till ett antal punkter för förbättring vilka kan leda till ökad andel återvunna EOL-produkter. Dessa är; införande av ett fast returcenter, omhändertagande av ett större produktsortiment, föra statistik över returer, tydligare information till kund och kompensation för inlämnade produkter. Författarna kommer även fram till att det råder stora skillnader i hur man i dagsläget arbetar med Waste Management inom de olika företagen, där vissa företag är mer ambitiösa än andra. Företagen har mycket att lära av varandra och inom samtliga studerade företag finns något att förbättra.

Recycling and remanufacturing returned goods are economically beneficial for companies since the cost of obtaining used parts is lower in many cases and selling price is close to that of a new product. This leads to decreased costs and thereby increased profits for the company. In addition, there are also great environmental benefits by keeping the structural integrity of a part; the energy used for disassembly and refurbishing is much lower than the energy required for raw material extraction and machining. Encompassing the returned goods makes the supply chain to closed loop supply chain, which is different from the traditional supply chain due to reverse logistics. A reverse flow of material is however usually more complex than a forward flow of parts and components from suppliers. This means that inventory management becomes critical and needs to be viewed from a new perspective. The purpose of the report is to study FAW Co., Ltd’s inventory situation in reverse logistics. The report analysed the inventory management in the company, specifically focusing on one product as the instance Motor Engine LFTS-2000since it is in the maturity stage of product life cycle. Two scenarios were designed to consider how different parameters affect inventory levels in reverse logistics. The report analysed how different parameters affect the inventory levels and minimum cost. With the increasing returned goods are processed, inventory levels and minimum cost will decrease correspondingly.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coelho_tm_me_bauru.pdf: 479749 bytes, checksum: b9c4aa0add23a730f10f9d3ed7c6bde9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta a descrição do panorama brasileiro em relação à reciclagem de garrafas PET e aos processos envolvidos na recuperação de valor do produto, por meio da aplicação da logistica reversa. A relevância do estudo consiste no levantamento de informações sobre os desafios e oportunidades do setor. Em nível mundial, o Brasil é um dos maiores consumidores de PET em garrafa e os baixos custos industriais da embalagem pós-consumo aliados à falta de estrutura do canal reverso proporcionam um aumento significativo desse resíduo no meio ambiente. Buscou-se mostrar as ações realizadas no Brasil, bem como em outros Países elencados pela Associação Brasileira dos Fabricantes de Embalagens PET - ABIPET. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória que consistiu no levantamento das informações junto a associações referentes ao setor de PET no Brasil. Os resultados, após a análise dos aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais, mostram os desafios e oportunidades para retorno de embalagens PET pós-consumo no Brasil e descrevem a necessidade de conscientizar os envolvidos direta e indiretamente; de estruturar as cadeias reversas pós-consumo; de reduzir o consumo a fim de diminuir os resíduos gerados e de envolver os setores industriais para a busca de tecnologias mais limpas junto à cadeia produtiva do PET, a responsabilidade estendida do fabricante, bem como o poder público com o objetivo de auxiliar o processo por meio de políticas públicas / This work presents a description of the Brazilian panorama over the recycling of PET bottles and the processes involved in the recovery of product value through the application of reverse logistics. The relevance of the study is a survey of information on the challenges and opportunities in the industry. Globally, Brazil is one of the largest consumers of PET bottles and the low manufacturing costs of post-consumer packaging coupled with lak of structure of the reverse channel provides a significant increase of this residue in the environment. We tried to show the actions performed in Brazil and other countries listed by the Brazilian Association of Manufacturers of PET Packaging - ABIPET. We performed an exploratory study consisted of getting information from association for the PET industry in Brazil. The results, after analysis of the environemental, economic and social aspects, show the challenges and oportunities for return of post-consumer PET in Brazil and describe the need to educate those involved directly and indirectly, to structure the post-consumer reverse; to reduce consumption in order to reduce the waste generated and to involve industries in the search for cleaner technologies along the production chain of PET, the extended manufacture's responsability and the government in order to assist the process through public policies

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_ba_me_bauru.pdf: 1458724 bytes, checksum: 0a00b4b83060209e0a02b604697a921d (MD5) / Dada à necessidade de se destinar corretamente os resíduos urbanos devido à escassez de locais disponíveis e adequados, limitação dos recursos naturais, questões de higiene e saúde, dentre outros, alguns países desenvolvem sistemas em que os consumidores são estimulados a entregar as embalagens de bebida pós-consumo (retornável ou descartável) antes ou durante a aquisição de novos produtos, obtendo descontos em suas novas compras. A escassez de publicações e disseminação dessas práticas impulsionou a realização desta pesquisa, cujos principais objetivos são: identificar os programas de Logística reversa (LR) existentes em países desenvolvidos (Alemanha e Estados Unidos) e compará-los com os brasileiros a fim de desenvolver uma solução otimizada que possa ser implantada no Brasil para impulsionar o seu desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental. A pesquisa sugere a implantação de um sistema similar aos modelos internacionais estudados, com vistas ao atendimento das características brasileiras, como resultado bibliográfico e da aplicação de um questionário junto a uma das principais produtoras de bebidas do Brasil, descreve os prós e contras do sistema de depósito de embalagens frente à realidade brasileira, a partir dos possíveis responsáveis por sua implantação. A proposta da implantação do sistema é complementada pela realização da estimativa do seu custo de implantação e manutenção e a possibilidade de receita do sistema para diferentes valores de depósito e margens de retorno, considerando o sistema economicamente viável em diferentes instantes do estudo / Because of the need to properly allocate the waste due to: the lack of available and apropriate locations and, limited natural resources, health and hygiene issues, among others, some countries developed systems where consumers are encouraged to return beverage post-consumption packages (disposable or returnable) before or during the acquisition of new products, getting discounts on their new purchases. The scarcity of publications and dissemination of these system drove this research, whose main objectives are to identify programs of reverse logistics (RL) existing in developed countries (Germany and the United States) and compare them with the Brazilians methods in order to develop a optimized solution that can be developed in Brazil to boost their economical, social and environmental development. The research suggests the implementation of a system similar to the international studies, meeting the Brazilian characteristics as a result of the literature review and the application of a questionnaire to one of the Brazilian leading producers of beverages and describes the pros and cons of the beverage deposit system front of Brazilian reality, from the point of view of possibles respnsibles for its implementation. The propose of the system's implementation is complemented by the development of the deployment and maintenance costs estimate and revenue potential for different values of deposit and returns margins, considering the system economically viable at different time of the study