[pt] Essa dissertação oferece um modelo para o cálculo de custos de frete no transporte rodoviário para pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras. Este modelo possibilita as empresas atender às necessidades de seus clientes que tem exigido melhores níveis de serviços ao menor preço. Este trabalho busca a fundamentação teórica para a construção de um modelo de custeio para o Transporte Rodoviário no Brasil. País que apresenta uma alta dependência deste modal, tendo em vista a pouca infraestrutura logística para outros meios de transporte de carga e a concorrência predatória entre os operadores logísticos. Para a construção deste modelo, analisaremos quais os motivos que levam as empresas a terceirizar atividades logísticas e os critérios que devem ser levados em conta no momento da seleção de um parceiro logístico. O objetivo é identificar como o preço afeta essa decisão e construir um modelo de precificação dos fretes que serão ofertados. O modelo criado materializou-se numa ferramenta de cálculo de frete em forma de planilha que poderá ser utilizada pequenas e médias empresas para aplicação às suas operações melhorando assim a gestão dos seus custos. Especificamente, na empresa estudada, em que a planilha já está sendo utilizada nas negociações do preço de frete com seus clientes, o ganho potencial por rota pode chegar a aproximadamente 100.000,00 reais por ano, caso o preço seja ajustado conforme a ferramenta criada neste trabalho. / [en] This dissertation offers a model for calculating freight cost in road transport for small and medium-sized Brazilian companies. This model enables companies to meet the needs of their customers who have demanded better services levels at the lowest price. This dissertation seeks the theoretical basis for the construction of a costing model for Road Transport in Brazil. This country has a high dependency on this modal, due to the lack of logistics infrastructure for other mode of cargo transportation and the predatory competition among logistics operators. For the construction of this model, we will analyze the reasons that lead companies to outsource logistics activities and the criteria that should be considered when selecting a logistics partner. The objective is to identify how the price affects this decision and to construct a pricing model of the freights that will be offered. The created model materialized in a freight calculation tool in the form of a spreadsheet that could be used by small and medium sized companies to apply to their operations, thus improving the management of their costs. Specifically, in the company studied, where the spreadsheet is already being used in the freight price negotiations with its customers, the potential gain per route can reach approximately 100,000.00 reais per year, if the price is adjusted according to the tool created in this job.

This thesis is dedicated to the impact of the economic crisis in the transport sector in the Czech Republic, focusing on the road transport sector. This thesis is presented with the brief overview about the origin of the economic crises, what are its causes, impacts and possible prevention, which can prevent this situation. The theoretical part also describes not only the transport sector as whole, its development and current status but also gives further information about road transport. The practical part of this thesis is focused on analyzing macroeconomic indicators in the Czech Republic and determination if their development affected some indicators in the road transportation. The main result of this thesis will be interpreted on the basis of selected statistical methods. The second aim of this thesis is to analyze the impacts of the crisis on the selected company, which conducts in the road transport and propose to this company the options which would allow the impact of the economic crisis on its business activities.

The aim of my thesis is to make mutual comparison of individual regions in terms of traffic characteristics and their subsequent evaluation.

This thesis discusses the importance of coach tourism, focusing on specific transport company operating chartered transport.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / As doses de radiação ionizante para os trabalhadores no transporte de material radioativo devem ser tão pequenas quanto razoavelmente exequível. As doses médias dos motoristas e carregadores amostrados neste trabalho devem ser diminuídas. A demonstração do controle das doses em veículo rodoviário com material radioativo, requisitada pelo regulamento brasileiro atual, norma CNEN NE 5.01, é apresentada em formulário próprio com valores de exposição obtidos em posições de ocupação regular de indivíduos do público e de trabalhadores, mesmo quando se expede veículo sem a necessidade de uso exclusivo (∑ IT 50). Este trabalho mostra, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, elaboração de modelos e pesquisa de campo, que esta demonstração do controle com a obtenção dos valores de exposição nesta situação, para um método de controle melhor, deve ser realizada pela apresentação do registro do acúmulo de cargas, limitado (∑ IT 50), a fim de evitar a obtenção destas medidas, para que haja padronização com regulamentos estrangeiros e para que os custos e os tempos, importantes para expedição de radiofármacos com meia-vida curta, e também as atuais doses laborais dos técnicos de radioproteção sejam todos diminuídos. Os valores de exposição dos parâmetros utilizados com esse método são menores do que seus limites regulamentares. Para contribuir com essas finalidades devem ser apresentadas pelo regulamento brasileiro atualizado as distâncias de segregação entre as cargas e as cabines dos veículos. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Moçambique é historicamente conhecido por ser um território de escoamento da produção do hinterland da África Austral, principalmente dos seus vizinhos África do Sul, Suazilândia, Zimbabwe e Malawi. A orientação de suas ferrovias, construídas ao longo do período colonial da região, mostra um território divido por três redes ferroviárias distintas, ligadas cada uma delas a um dos principais portos moçambicanos (Maputo, Beira e Nacala), mas não interligadas entre si, conformando assim um território aparentemente pouco integrado e voltado ao seu exterior. Ainda que parte importante da circulação contemporânea de mercadorias em Moçambique continue a respeitar essa lógica extravertida, desde a independência do país, em 1975, o governo moçambicano vem reunindo esforços na tentativa de integrar seu território e configurar uma economia eminentemente nacional. Tal tarefa cabe, no que tange à circulação de mercadorias, ao modal rodoviário, através de inúmeras rodovias (quase nunca pavimentadas) e de diferentes operadores de transporte (desde empresas até motoristas autônomos e transportadores informais), que atuam não apenas na circulação interna de mercadorias, mas também naquela voltada ao exterior. Assim, com base na proposta de Milton Santos de compreender o espaço geográfico a partir de suas dimensões técnicas e político-normativas, esta dissertação busca fornecer um quadro da circulação de mercadorias em Moçambique, a partir de sua estruturação histórica e dos dois sentidos que a orientam no período contemporâneo a circulação extravertida e a circulação interna. / Mozambique is historically known for being a drain region for the inner production of Southern Africa, especially its neighbors South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Malawi. The course of its railways, built throughout the colonial period in the region, shows a territory divided by three distinct rail networks, each one linked to a major Mozambican port (Maputo, Beira and Nacala) but not interconnected. This constitutes a territory apparently little integrated and turned to its exterior. Even though an important part of the contemporary circulation of goods in Mozambique stills follows this extraverted logic, since the countrys independence in 1975 the Mozambican government has been making an effort to integrate its territory and set up a national economy. When it comes to the circulation of goods, this is a task that depends on road transport by means of numerous roads (mostly unpaved) and different transport operators (such as companies, autonomous drivers and informal carriers). These operate not only internally but also outwards. Thus, based on Milton Santos\' proposal to understand the geographical space through its technical and political-normative dimensions, this dissertation attempts at providing a framework for the circulation of goods in Mozambique regarding its historical constitution and the two directions that orientate it in the contemporary period: the extraverted and the internal circulation.

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Bandeira Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T04:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_DalianaDamacenoGilde_M.pdf: 964791 bytes, checksum: 7035668583ec53d4289bd006d1fa2a90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os estudos de implantação do Trecho Norte dos empreendimentos Rodoanel e Ferroanel, com traçados próximos, pode potencializar e viabilizar uma série de ações conjuntas, como o compartilhamento das plataformas de terraplenagem em alguns segmentos, otimizando as interferências, drenagem, tratamentos de solos moles, contenções, obras de proteção ambiental, remanejamento de interferências, adequações funcionais dos sistemas viários lindeiros e áreas de apoio, além de procurar minimizar as necessidades de desapropriações e reassentamentos complementares aos previstos para o Rodoanel, reduzindo de forma significativa os custos em relação a hipótese dos empreendimentos a serem implantados independentemente. Este trabalho, utilizando como suporte metodológico o estudo de caso, estuda a integração dos modais rodoviários e ferroviários e a apresenta as alternativas das implantações nas formas isoladas e faz um comparativo da possibilidade de compatibilização das implantações das linhas férreas com a rodovia. E apresenta como resultado, uma opção para os problemas de infraestrutura de transporte no Brasil, a possibilidade de se pensar em uma integração na construção dos vários modais básicos / Abstract: The implantation studies of road and rail ring roads in São Paulo can enhance and facilitate a series of joint actions , such as sharing of earthwork in some segments platforms , optimizing interference , drainage, soft soil treatment , containment , protection works environmental , relocation interference , functional adaptations of the bordering road systems and support areas , and seek to minimize the needs of expropriation and resettlement complementary to that provided to the Beltway , significantly reducing costs in relation to the hypothesis of projects to be implemented independently . This work , using as methodological support the case study examines the integration of road and rail modes and presents alternative deployments in isolated forms and makes a comparison of the possibility of compatibility between implementations of the railways with the highway . And as a result has an option for the problems of transportation infrastructure in Brazil , the possibility of thinking about integration in the construction of several basic modes / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestra em Engenharia Civil

Face aux problèmes sanitaires et environnementaux liés à la pollution atmosphérique au Liban, les études se multiplient pour permettre une bonne compréhension de la situation, dont des mesures de la qualité de l’air et des études sur les émissions de polluants et sur la modélisation des concentrations dans l’atmosphère à l’aide du modèle de chimie transport (CTM) de WRF/Polyphemus. Pour modéliser la qualité de l’air au Liban, les études précédentes se sont heurtées à différentes difficultés dont : une surestimation des concentrations d’ozone d’un facteur 2 dans les résultats de la modélisation WRF/Polyphemus pour l’été 2012, un profil d’émission des COV issus du transport routier différent de ceux que l’on trouve dans les pays développés. De cela dérivent les objectifs de cette thèse : améliorer les performances de Polyphemus pour le Liban, notamment en améliorant la représentation des conditions aux limites du modèle, évaluer le modèle pour l’année 2014 vis-à-vis des nouvelles observations du réseau national de la qualité de l’air, mesurer les facteurs d’émissions du transport routier dans un tunnel à Beyrouth et les comparer aux données des pays développés. Afin d’améliorer les performances du CTM pour le Liban, cette thèse compare les concentrations simulées avec deux inventaires d’émissions différents et avec différentes méthodes de calcul des conditions aux limites. Pour les émissions, deux inventaires sont comparés : un inventaire récemment mise en place pour le Liban et l’inventaire d’émission global EDGAR-HTAP, qui combine des émissions mesurées pour les pays développés et des émissions modélisées pour les autres pays. Bien que cet inventaire soit couramment utilisé dans les modèles globaux de qualité de l’air d’importantes différences d’estimation et de distribution spatiale sont identifiées par rapport à l’inventaire spécifique du Liban. Dans les simulations des études précédentes réalisées sur le Liban, les conditions aux limites étaient obtenues à partir de simulations globales avec le modèle MOZART-4. Un domaine régional sur le Moyen-Orient est introduit dans la chaine de modélisation afin d’amortir le changement de résolution entre les résultats le modèle global (≥ 1°) et le domaine du Liban (0.055°). Ce changement a permis d’améliorer considérablement les résultats de la modélisation des polluants au Liban, surtout pour l’ozone. Cette nouvelle configuration de modélisation (domaines emboités, Moyen Orient puis Liban) est ensuite employée pour la modélisation de l’année 2014 et évaluée vis-à-vis des observations faites par le réseau national de mesure de la qualité de l’air. Les performances du modèle pour la représentation des polluants de qualité de l’air sont satisfaisantes par rapport aux indicateurs disponibles dans la littérature. Cependant, la modélisation météorologique pourrait être améliorée, et il serait souhaitable de prendre en compte l’impact sur les émissions des changements démographiques entre l’année pour laquelle l’inventaire a été conçu (2011) et l’année modélisée (2014) en raison du déplacement de population suite à la guerre en Syrie.En ce qui concerne des facteurs d’émission (FE) du transport routier, nous avons effectué une campagne de mesure au tunnel Salim Slam à Beyrouth en 2014. Les facteurs d’émissions de différents polluants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, COV) ont été mesurés pour l’ensemble du trafic. En comparaison à la littérature, les FE locaux sont toujours supérieurs aux FE des pays développés même s’ils ont tendances à être réduits par rapport aux valeurs mesurés en 2000 suites aux changements du parc automobile et son évolution / Because of health and environmental problems related to air pollution in Lebanon, the number of studies investigating this matter has increased over the years to ensure a proper understanding of the situation, including measurements of air quality, studies on pollutant emissions and modeling of atmospheric concentrations using the chemistry transport model (CTM) WRF/Polyphemus. To model air quality in Lebanon, previous studies have identified several difficulties including: an overestimation of ozone concentrations by a factor of 2 in the modeling results of WRF/Polyphemus during summer 2012, a local VOC emission profile from road transport that is different from those found in developed countries. Consequently, the objectives of this thesis are: to improve the performance of Polyphemus over Lebanon by improving the boundary conditions of the simulation of, to evaluate the model for the year 2014 using new observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network, to measure emission factors from road transport in a tunnel in Beirut and compare those data to those observed in developed countries. To improve the performance of the CTM over Lebanon, this thesis compares the concentrations simulated with two different emission inventories and with different methods of estimating boundary conditions. For emissions, two inventories are compared: one that was recently set up specifically for Lebanon, and a global inventory, called EDGAR-HTAP, which combines measured emissions for developed countries and modelled emissions for the remaining countries Even though EDGAR-HTAP is commonly used in global air-quality models, significant differences in the estimation and the spatial distribution of the emissions are identified compared to the inventory specifically developed for Lebanon. In the simulations of the previous studies over Lebanon, boundary conditions were estimated using global simulations from the model MOZART-4. A regional domain over Middle East is introduced into the modeling chain to cushion the change in the horizontal resolution between the global model (≥ 1°) and the Lebanon domain (0.055°). The results from this change showed a significant improvement in the model performance over Lebanon, especially for ozone. This new modeling configuration (nested domains, Middle East and Lebanon is then used to model the year 2014 and it is evaluated using the observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network. For air-quality pollutants, the model performance is satisfactory, as using published criteria. However, weather modeling (Wind speed and Direction) should be improved, and we should take into account the impact on emissions of the demographic changes between the year for which inventory was designed (2011) and the modeled year (2014) due to the population displacement induced by the Syrian war.Concerning emission factors (EF) of road transport, we performed a measurement campaign at the Salim Slam tunnel in Beirut in 2014. The emission factors for the different pollutants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, VOC) were measured for the average traffic. Compared to other studies, the local EF are higher than those measured in developed countries even though they tend to be reduced, as a result of the changes in the fleet characteristics, compared to the values measured back in 2000

Indian cities rely predominantly on buses for public transport. The issues of performance measurement and efficiency analyses for the bus company have been gaining significance due to severe operating conditions and financial constraints in which these bus companies provide the service. Performance is defined as the levels of success of the service with respect to different parameters such as quality of service, cost effectiveness and safety. Performance is measured in terms of operational efficiency and financial efficiency. Operational Efficiency of an organization is the ability to utilize its available resources to the maximum extent. Financial Efficiency is a measure of the organization’s ability to translate its financial resources into revenue. Public bus transportation plays a pivotal role in India in bringing about greater mobility both within and between urban and rural areas. Through increased mobility, road transport also contributes immensely to social and economic development of different regions of the country. Public transport is provided by surface road transport using buses by the State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) and by private operators. In this thesis, scientific analysis of the performance of SRTUs is carried out at different levels considering physical and financial parameters through multivariate techniques, non-parametric techniques and qualitative techniques. A comprehensive study on all the SRTUs of Karnataka at depot, division level are done and determined which quantitative method is suited for depot level and division level studies. From quantitative and qualitative studies of SRTUs strategies are developed and recommendations are made to improve the performance of SRTUs. Further, in addition to Bangalore metropolitan transport corporation (BMTC) performance analyses, the routes are analyzed to reduce the dead kilometer. Major contributions from this work: 1. Both inter and intra city operations of the public transport corporation in the state of Karnataka have been exhaustively analysed using operational and financial parameters. 2. Large amount of data over a long period has been collated from State road transport units and a standard format has been developed for collecting both operational and financial parameters for SRTU’s. 3. A generic framework and plan for performance evaluation of SRTU’s has been developed using ratio and benchmarking analysis, and, non-parametric and multivariate techniques like DEA (constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS)), DEA-principal component analysis (PCA), DEA- bootstrapping. These analyses have been carried out at different levels, like transport corporations level (KSRTC NEKRTC, NWKRTC, BMTC), division level (33 divisions), and Depot level (193 depots). 4. Non parametric and multivariate Models have been developed and validated using DEAP and GAMS software before embarking on the above detailed analyses. 5. Analytical hierarchy approach (AHP), which is multi criteria structured technique, has been adopted to evaluate and analyze performance of the SRTU’s, divisions and depots based on qualitative and quantitative data. 6. User and operator perception studies of different SRTU’s of Karnataka have been done to evaluate the performance of these corporations from qualitative techniques. 7. From these comprehensive non parametric techniques, the efficiency of the SRTU’s have been evaluated and found that KSRTC has been the best operating unit among the SRTU’s considered for the study. The same has been observed from the AHP as well as perception surveys carried out as part of this thesis. 8. Operation and financial performance including profitability studies of Mysore urban transportation (Mysore city transport division) has been carried out before and after implementation of intelligent transport system (ITS). 9. The dead kilometer minimization model was formulated, which is a mixed integer programming problem, to get the optimal solution considering the capacity of the depot and time period of operation for the chosen network. An optimization technique has been developed for solving the dead kilometer problem in the operations of BMTC buses for the Volvo division (division operates 794 schedules). The alternative depot locations have been identified to reduce the dead kilometer, leading to large amount of savings for the corporation. 10. From the detailed analyses using non parametric techniques, multivariate and multi-criteria techniques along with perception surveys, strategies and recommendations have been arrived at to improve performance of the public transport corporations. This thesis consists of nine chapters and they are as below; Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction of public bus transport systems in India, their problems and need for performance evaluation of SRTUs. The impacts study of Mysore ITS, dead kilometer minimization problem for BMTC along with evaluating the performance of SRTUs by quantitative and qualitative data. This chapter provides the objective of the work and scope of the work. The main objectives of this research are 1. To develop a generic framework and plan for evaluation by identifying the performance indicators and data sources for evaluation.