SectionBuilder is an innovative finite element based tool, developed for analysis and design of composite beam cross-sections. The tool can handle the cross-sections with parametric shapes and arbitrary configurations. It can also handle arbitrary lay-ups for predefined beam cross-section geometries in a consistent manner. The material properties for each layer of the cross-section can be defined on the basis of the design requirements. This tool is capable of dealing with multi-cell composite cross-sections with arbitrary lay-ups. It has also the benefit of handling the variation of thickness of skin and D-spars for beams such as rotor blades. A typical cross-section is considered as a collection of interconnected walls. Walls with arbitrary lay-ups based on predefined geometries and material properties are generated first. The complex composite beam cross-sections are developed by connecting the walls using various types of connectors. These connectors are compatible with the walls, i.e., the thickness of the layers of the walls must match with those of the connectors at the place of connection. Cross-sections are often reinforced by core material for constructing realistic rotor blade cross-sections. The tool has the ability to integrate core materials into the cross-sections. A mapped mesh is considered for meshing parametric shapes, walls and various connectors, whereas a free mesh is considered for meshing the core materials. A new algorithm based on the Delaunay refinement algorithm is developed for creating the best possible free mesh for core materials. After meshing the cross-section, the tool determines the sectional properties using finite element analysis. This tool computes sectional properties including stiffness matrix, compliance matrix, mass matrix, and principal axes. A visualization environment is integrated with the tool for visualizing the stress and strain distributions over the cross-section.

New helicopter rotor designs are desired that offer increased efficiency, reduced vibration, and reduced noise. This problem is multidisciplinary, requiring knowledge of structural dynamics, aerodynamics, and aeroacoustics. Rotor optimization requires achieving multiple, often conflicting objectives. There is no longer a single optimum but rather an optimal trade-off space, the Pareto Frontier. Rotor Designers in industry need methods that allow the most accurate simulation tools available to search for Pareto designs. Computer simulation and optimization of rotors have been advanced by the development of "comprehensive" rotorcraft analysis tools. These tools perform aeroelastic analysis using Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD). Though useful in optimization, these tools lack built-in high fidelity aerodynamic models. The most accurate rotor simulations utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled to the CSD of a comprehensive code, but are generally considered too time consuming where numerous simulations are required like rotor optimization. An approach is needed where high fidelity CFD/CSD simulation can be routinely used in design optimization. This thesis documents the development of physics based rotor simulation frameworks. A low fidelity model uses a comprehensive code with simplified aerodynamics. A high fidelity model uses a parallel processor capable CFD/CSD methodology. Both frameworks include an aeroacoustic simulation for prediction of noise. A synergistic process is developed that uses both frameworks together to build approximate models of important high fidelity metrics as functions of certain design variables. To test this process, a 4-bladed hingeless rotor model is used as a baseline. The design variables investigated include tip geometry and spanwise twist. Approximation models are built for high fidelity metrics related to rotor efficiency and vibration. Optimization using the approximation models found the designs having maximum rotor efficiency and minimum vibration. Various Pareto generation methods are used to find frontier designs between these two anchor designs. The Pareto anchors are tested in the high fidelity simulation and shown to be good designs, providing evidence that the process has merit. Ultimately, this process can be utilized by industry rotor designers with their existing tools to bring high fidelity analysis into the preliminary design stage of rotors.

<p>This dissertation investigates the optimal aerodynamic performance and design of conventional and coaxial helicopters in hover and forward flight using conventional and higher harmonic blade pitch control. First, we describe a method for determining the blade geometry, azimuthal blade pitch inputs, optimal shaft angle (rotor angle of attack), and division of propulsive and lifting forces among the components that minimize the total power for a given forward flight condition. The optimal design problem is cast as a variational statement that is discretized using a vortex lattice wake to model inviscid forces, combined with two-dimensional drag polars to model profile losses. The resulting nonlinear constrained optimization problem is solved via Newton iteration. We investigate the optimal design of a compound vehicle in forward flight comprised of a coaxial rotor system, a propeller, and optionally, a fixed wing. We show that higher harmonic control substantially reduces required power, and that both rotor and propeller efficiencies play an important role in determining the optimal shaft angle, which in turn affects the optimal design of each component. Second, we present a variational approach for determining the optimal (minimum power) torque-balanced coaxial hovering rotor using Blade Element Momentum Theory including swirl. We show that the optimal hovering coaxial rotor generates only a small percentage of its total thrust on the portion of the lower rotor operating in the upper rotor's contracted wake, resulting in an optimal design with very different upper and lower rotor twist and chord distributions. We also show that the swirl component of induced velocity has a relatively small effect on rotor performance at the disk loadings typical of helicopter rotors. Third, we describe a more refined model of the wake of a hovering conventional or coaxial rotor. We approximate the rotor or coaxial rotors as actuator disks (though not necessarily uniformly loaded) and the wake as contracting cylindrical vortex sheets that we represent as discrete vortex rings. We assume the system is axisymmetric and steady in time, and solve for the wake position that results in all vortex sheets being aligned with the streamlines of the flow field via Newton iteration. We show that the singularity that occurs where the vortex sheet terminates at the edge of the actuator disk is resolved through the formation of a 45 degree logarithmic spiral in hover, which results in a non-uniform inflow, particularly near the edge of the disk where the flow is entirely reversed, as originally hypothesized by previous authors. We also quantify the mutual interference of coaxial actuator disks of various axial spacing. Finally, we combine our forward flight optimization procedure and the Blade Element Momentum Theory hover optimization to form a variational approach to the multipoint aerodynamic design optimization of conventional and coaxial helicopter rotors. The resulting nonlinear constrained optimization problem may be used to map the Pareto frontier, i.e., the set of rotor designs for which it is not possible to improve upon the performance in one flight condition without degrading performance in the other. We show that for both conventional and coaxial rotors analyzed in hover and high speed flight, a substantial tradeoff in performance must be made between the two flight conditions. Finally, computational results demonstrate that higher harmonic control is able to improve the Pareto efficiency for both conventional and coaxial rotors.</p> / Dissertation

Le Cambodge est un pays situé en Asie du Sud-Est, avec grand potentiel de ressources en énergies renouvelables. Même fort de ce potentiel, la puissance électrique actuellement installée n'est pas suffisante pour tout le pays. Environ 80% de la population vit dans les zones rurales et 75% des ménages sont sans réseau électrique. Ils utilisent une batterie, le moteur diesel, des bougies ou du kérosène pour l'éclairage, la télévision, les multimédia et autres appareils ménagers. Une minorité des citoyens, dans la partie nord utilise des modules pico hydro électriques acheté dans les pays voisins pour éclairage. Mais la tension de sortie et la fréquence ne sont pas vraiment stables en cas de modification de la charge ou de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine. La durée de vie des appareils électroménagers peut ainsi être réduite et des réparations locales sont nécessaires. Des millions de Cambodgiens ne peuvent pas accéder à l'énergie électrique en raison de deux facteurs principaux : les barrières technologiques et les coûts d'investissement élevés. Nos activités de recherche visent à éliminer ces barrières technologiques en concevant des systèmes de production d'énergie pico-hydroélectrique avec une installation rapide et peu coûteuse, simple et adaptée à une application locale tout en gardant une qualité de l'alimentation électrique satisfaisante. La première partie de cet ouvrage décrit la situation de l'énergie dans les zones rurales du Cambodge où les gens sont confrontés à un manque d'alimentation électrique. En conséquence, ils ne peuvent ni améliorer leur niveau de vie, ni développer leur communauté. Les villageois riches utilisent une batterie de voiture, des systèmes photovoltaïques ou pico-hydroélectriques alors que les villageois pauvres utilisent des bougies ou du kérosène pour l'éclairage. Des entreprises locales fournissent des solutions électriques basées sur des énergies renouvelables, mais les prix sont inabordables et loin de leurs attentes. Par conséquent, une solution originale est proposée dans cette thèse avec la récupération de composants électriques d'occasion en vue de la mise en œuvre d'un nouveau système de génération d'électricité pour les zones rurales isolées. Il s'agit ici d'innovation frugale pour le bas de la pyramide sociale. Les composants utilisés sont : machine asynchrone, alimentation sans interruption (UPS), alimentation de PC et d'autres équipements électroniques, etc. Ces composants recyclés peuvent être rassemblés pour former ainsi une solution technologique intéressante permettant de délivrer la puissance de sortie nécessaire. La deuxième partie de ce mémoire présente la modélisation de l'étage de puissance de la machine asynchrone triphasée utilisée comme un générateur asynchrone monophasé avec une phase d'excitation et les deux autres phases connectées en série pour alimenter la charge. Cette configuration est nommée 'Excited Induction Generator (EIG)'. / Cambodia is a country located in Southeast Asia, with its high potential of renewable energy resource. Even if this country has a high potential for renewable, the installed power is still not high enough to cover the whole country. About 80% of population living in rural areas and 75% of the households live without electricity. They survive by using battery, diesel engine, candle, kerosene for lighting, TV, multimedia and some other household appliances. A few of residents in northern part of the country use pico-hydro power units bought from neighbor countries in order to electrify their houses. In these systems, the output voltage and frequency are not really stable while the load under load or speed variations. Consequently, the lifetime of household appliances could be reduced or the items damaged and local repairs are needed. Moreover, millions of Cambodian people cannot access neither take an advantage from the available energy resources due to two main factors: technology barriers and high investment cost. This research aims to remove technology barriers by designing simple systems for pico-hydro power generation with fast and simple installation, suitable for local applications with high quality of electrical supply. The first part of this work briefly describes the energy situation in rural areas of Cambodia where people are facing the lack of electrical supply which. They cannot neither improve their living standard nor develop their community. Rich villagers use car battery, solar PV applications, pico-hydro power while poor villagers use candle/kerosene for lighting. Local enterprises can provide renewable energy solutions but the prices are unaffordable and far from their expectations. Therefore, an original solution is proposed in this thesis by using wasted electric and electronic equipment (second-life components) to form the new power generation systems for remote rural areas. This is frugal innovation to serve the bottom of the social pyramid. The used components are: induction machine, Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), power supply of a computer and other electronic equipment, etc. These wasted components can be arranged together to form a good solution with an interesting output power. The second part of this thesis presents the modelling of the power stage of three-phase induction machine as a single-phase induction generator by using one phase for excitation while the other two phases are connected in series to supply load, named "Excited Induction Generator (EIG)". Capacitor banks are added to EIG for compensating the reactive power. Capacitor values influence poles and zeros locations which are described and analyzed in the root locus according to the parameter variations. The third part of this thesis is devoted to onsite modelling of losses in induction machine. The method should achieve results simply, rapidly, without any prior information on the machine, in order to further integrate this model into energy optimization algorithms. Design of experiments is a good candidate. Experimental models of the total loss (iron loss and rotor copper losses) are proposed for motor operation and generator mode for different machines of different powers. The last part of this thesis describes output voltage/current response for both simulation results and experimental results of the induction generators. Proportional-integral and proportional-resonant controllers are tested. The implementation of closed loop controller is first achieved in an analog circuit and then, with dSPACE/MATLAB Simulink environment.

O presente trabalho realiza um estudo do desempenho aerodinâmico da turbina eólica de duas pás e 10 m de diâmetro da UAE Phase VI, testada pelo NREL no túnel de vento NASA Ames, através do uso de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD). Para tanto são apresentados conceitos fundamentais para análise da performance do aerogerador, a metodologia aplicada para a análise numérica e os resultados obtidos. O modelo geométrico da turbina foi inserido em ambiente computacional num domínio com as mesmas dimensões da seção de testes do túnel de vento. A esse domínio foi empregada uma malha de elementos tetraédricos. A modelagem numérica e as simulações foram efetuadas através do código comercial ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 e utilizaram as equações médias de Reynolds e modelos de turbulência k  SST e Spalart-Allmaras. A turbina simulada possui ângulo de giro (yaw) e de cone de 0°. Os casos simulados foram de turbina com ângulos de passo das pás de 0° e 3°, para velocidades de ar na entrada do domínio de 5 m/s, 7 m/s e 9 m/s. As simulações foram feitas em regime transiente utilizando o método de malha móvel. Dados provenientes da simulação numérica são comparados aos dados experimentais de empuxo, torque e potência, divulgados pelo laboratório. Os modelos de turbulência testados apresentaram boa concordância com os resultados experimentais de empuxo. O torque e a potência foram bem previstos para velocidades de entrada do domínio baixas, mas foram subdimensionados para velocidades mais altas. A separação da camada limite foi prevista por ambos os modelos. Na comparação com resultados obtidos com outros autores para o mesmo caso, o início de descolamento da camada limite se deu antes do previsto. A metodologia adotada nas simulações numéricas realizadas mostrou-se adequada e representativa nas análises desse estudo. / This study makes a CFD analysis of the aerodynamic performance of the NREL UAE Phase VI two-bladed wind turbine, which have been tested in the NASA Ames wind tunnel. Fundamental concepts on the evaluation of turbine performance, the applied methodology for the numerical analysis and the results are presented. A numerical model has been inserted in a computational environment that has the same dimensions as the real wind tunnel section, and a tetrahedral mesh has been created to fill this domain. Numerical modeling and the simulations have been performed using the ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 commercial code, making use of the RANS equations and the k  SST and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models. The simulated turbine has 0 degrees of cone and yaw angle. Simulations were performed in unsteady state using the moving mesh technique. Results are compared to experimental data regarding to thrust, torque and power. The k  SST and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models have shown good agreement with experimental values of thrust. Torque and power have been adequately predicted to lower free flow velocities, but have been underpredicted to higher velocities. Separation of the boundary layer has been adequately predicted by both models, but the beginning of the separation occurred earlier than expected in comparison with results of other authors to the same case. The methodology used in the numerical simulations proved to be adequate and representative in this study.

O presente estudo apresenta a análise numérica do escoamento do fluido de trabalho em uma turbina Tesla com rotor estacionário. O estudo de independência de malha prevê o uso de aproximadamente 2 milhões de volumes, com desempenho semelhante ao das malhas mais refinadas, apresentando uma economia significativa de esforço computacional. Três modelos de turbulência da abordagem RANS são aplicados com o objetivo de estabelecer uma metodologia para estudos futuros com dados experimentais. Os diferentes modelos de turbulência fornecem resultados para a predição do torque na turbina, com uma variação abaixo de 1 % entre si. Ar é usado como fluido de trabalho a pressão manométrica de 2,5 bar, alcançando velocidades no entorno de 310 m.s-1 na região da garganta do bocal e na região de jato livre, logo após a descarga do bocal. Essa condição permite afirmar que a turbina funciona na sua condição de máxima vazão, com o número de Mach próximo ao valor unitário, com escoamento compressível A velocidade na região interna entre discos chega a um valor máximo de 100 m.s-1. Na ausência de dados experimentais e de literatura, um estudo paramétrico com diferentes condições de operação da turbina é realizado a fim de verificar a qualidade dos resultados simulados. A vazão mássica é estimada com base na temperatura e pressão do fluido de trabalho, modelado como gás ideal. Os resultados preditos pelo modelo numérico para o torque no rotor é de 2,09 N.m com pressão manométrica de 1,5 bar e vazão mássica de 33,58 g/s, 2,22 N.m com pressão manométrica de 2,0 bar e vazão mássica de 40,29 g/s, e 2,38 N.m com pressão manométrica de 2,5 bar e vazão mássica de 53,73 g/s. A temperatura foi de 300 K mantida constante para as três análises. Para os casos analisados, o número de Mach na garganta do bocal convergente apresentou uma tendência ao valor unitário, variando entre 0,7 a 1, o que sugere que o bocal está trabalhando na sua condição máxima de vazão do fluido de trabalho. / The present study presents the numerical analysis of the working fluid flow in a Tesla turbine with stationary rotor. The mesh independence study predicts the use of approximately 2 million volumes, with similar performance to those most refined meshes, presenting a significant saving of computational effort. Several turbulence models of the RANS approach are applied with the aim of establishing a methodology for future studies with experimental data. The different turbulence models provide very close results for turbine torque prediction, with a variation below 1% between them. Air is used as working fluid at a pressure of 2.5 bar gauge, reaching velocities around 310 m.s-1 in the throat region of the nozzle and in the free jet region, just after the discharge of the nozzle. This condition allows to state that the turbine works in its maximum flow condition, with the Mach number close to unitary value, with a compressible flow The velocity in the inner region between disks reaches 100 m.s-1. In the absence of experimental data and literature, a parametric study with different operating conditions of the turbine is performed in order to verify the quality of the simulated results. The mass flow rate is estimated based on the temperature and pressure of the working fluid, modeled as the ideal gas. The results predicted by the numerical model for the torque in the rotor is 2.09 N.m with gauge pressure of 1.5 bar and a mass flow rate of 33.58 g/s, 2.22 N.m with gauge pressure of 2.0 bar and a mass flow rate of 40.29 g/s, and 2.38 N.m with gauge pressure of 2.5 bar and flow mass of 53.73 g/s. The temperature was 300 K kept constant for all three cases. For the analyzed cases, the Mach number in the throat of the convergent nozzle showed a tendency to the unit value, ranging from 0,7 to 1,0 which suggests that the nozzle is working in its maximum flow condition of the working fluid.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guirao_phf_me_ilha.pdf: 1687835 bytes, checksum: 03fd61b5a3923d210d53985b49bab6bd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma análise teórica do desempenho de um sistema de controle ativo de vibrações de rotores utilizando mancais magnéticos. Trata-se de uma alternativa de controle ativo de vibrações de rotores onde um sistema adaptativo feedforward é empregado sobreposto ao sistema de controle feedback dos mancais magnéticos. O desempenho de algumas arquiteturas de controle, tanto em termos de vibração global como em vibração local do rotor, foi analisado dando ênfase na variação do ganho proporcional e derivativo do controlador PID, que compõe o circuito de controle do mancal magnético ativo. Também foi analisado o efeito da posição e do número de sensores de erro, bem como o efeito do mancal atuador utilizado, sobre o desempenho das estratégias de controle. O sistema de controle foi aplicado em um modelo teórico de rotor desenvolvido pelo método da matriz de impedância. / In this work a theoretical analysis of the performance of a system which actively controls vibrations of rotors using magnetic bearings is presented. The proposed system of control is an alternative of active control of rotor vibrations in which an adaptive feedforward system superimposed on the feedback control system of the magnetic bearings is used. The performance of some control architectures was analyzed, in terms of global vibration as in terms of local vibration of the rotor, giving emphasis in the variation of the proportional and derivative gain of the PID controller of the control circuit of the active magnetic bearings. Furthermore, the performance of the vibration control system was analyzed considering the effect of the number and position of the error sensors, as well as the effect of the magnetic bearing employed as actuator. The control system was applied in a theoretical rotor model developed by the matrix impedance method.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-10T11:56:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonDoolanFernandes_TESE.pdf: 5693460 bytes, checksum: 2ae5f4cdcc029b8daacbc82c5c9de758 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-11T14:26:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonDoolanFernandes_TESE.pdf: 5693460 bytes, checksum: 2ae5f4cdcc029b8daacbc82c5c9de758 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T14:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonDoolanFernandes_TESE.pdf: 5693460 bytes, checksum: 2ae5f4cdcc029b8daacbc82c5c9de758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / Com a grande utiliza??o de m?quinas el?tricas na ind?stria do petr?leo, principalmente nos m?todos de eleva??o, ? crescente a necessidade de se extrair informa??es dessas m?quinas para a otimiza??o das suas manuten??es. O presente trabalho mostra o desenvolvimento de um prot?tipo de um sistema embarcado para realizar o monitoramento das vari?veis f?sicas do rotor de um motor de indu??o do tipo gaiola de esquilo, transformando a energia magn?tica proveniente do campo girante do estator em energia el?trica para energizar o circuito do sistema embarcado, fornecendo mais dados para o diagn?stico da necessidade de manuten??o dessa m?quina. Esse sistema ? composto por: um circuito para adquirir o (s) valor (es) da (s) vari?vel (is) desejada (s) do rotor e enviar para o computador; um circuito retificador e armazenador, que al?m de converter uma tens?o alternada em cont?nua tamb?m armazenar? energia por um determinado tempo ap?s o desligamento do motor; e um dispositivo gerador que transforma a energia do campo girante em energia el?trica para alimentar os circuitos citados anteriormente. O sistema embarcado ? fixado no rotor de um motor de indu??o gaiola de esquilo de 5 CV, o que dificultaria a sua alimenta??o por estar girando. Esse problema foi solucionado com a constru??o do dispositivo gerador, descartando a necessidade de baterias ou an?is coletores e por utilizar o m?dulo de comunica??o sem fio NRF24L01, com frequ?ncia liberada pela ANATEL de 2.4GHz, na transmiss?o dos dados para o computador. Para a valida??o do sistema proposto, foi utilizado um sensor de temperatura (DS18b20), por ser uma das mais importantes vari?veis na identifica??o da necessidade de manuten??o. Testes foram realizados obtendo resultados satisfat?rios comprovando a viabilidade de se utilizar sensores no rotor. / With the wide use of electric machines in the oil industry, particularly in oil lifting methods, there is a growing need to extract information from the machines to optimize their maintenance. The present work shows the development of an embedded system to perform the monitoring of an squirrel cage induction motor rotor physical variables, transforming the magnetic energy from the stator rotating field into electrical energy to energize the embedded system circuit, providing further data for the machine maintenance diagnosis. The system comprises: circuit to acquire desirable rotor variable(s) value(s) and send it to thecomputer; a rectifier and power storege circuit that besides converting an alternating current in continuous also store energy for a certain amount of time to wait the motor engine shutdown; and magnetic generator that harvestenergy from rotating field to power the circuits mentioned above. The embedded system is set on the rotor of an 5 HP squirrel cage induction motor, making it difficult to power the system because it is rotating, problem solved with the construction of the magnetic generator eliminating the need of using batteries or collector rings and by using a wireless NRF24L01 module to send data to the computer. For the proposed system validation a temperature sensor (DS18b20) was applied, variable known as the most important when identifying the need for maintenance. Tests were made getting satisfactory results proving the viability of using sensors on the rotor.

Universidade Federal de Goiás - Goiânia / This work presents a contribution to the study and characterization of excitements forces applied in rotative machine, using neural netwoks starting from the measured vibration sign in the equipment. The developed methodology is used to classify the excitement among four states of operation conditions: normal operation, umbalance excitement force, asynchronous excitement force and magnetic excitement force. For the each excitement class it is possible to determine its application point and its amplitude and frequency characteristics. Applying a technique statistics data compress of the measured signs, it was possible to training with success neural networks with smaller number of neurons, consequently with smaller computational cost. The efficiency and robustness of the architectures proposals, of neural networks, they were appraised for different levels of data compress and of addictive noises using numeric simulation of a vibratory model of systems of three degrees of freedom. The methodology was validated in a experimental apparatus that represents rotative machine whit a flexible rotor. / Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição ao estudo e caracterização de forças de excitações aplicadas em máquina rotativas, utilizando redes neurais a partir do sinal de vibração medido no equipamento. A metodologia desenvolvida é utilizada para classificar a excitação entre quatro estados de funcionamento da maquina: operação normal, excitação por força de desbalanceamento, excitação por forca assíncrona e excitação por força magnética. Uma vez encontrado o tipo de excitaçãp é possével determinar o seu ponto de aplicação e suas características de amplitude e freqüência. Aplicando uma técnica estatística de compactação dos sinais medidos, foi possível treinar com sucesso redes neurais com número de neurônios menores e consequentemente, com menor custo computacional. A eficiência e robustez das arquiteturas propostas, de redes neurais, foram avaliadas para diferentes níveis de compactação de dados e de ruídos aditivos utilizando simulação numérica de um modelo de sistemas vibratório de três graus de liberdade. A metodologia foi validada numa bancada experimental que representa uma máquina rotativa de rotor flexível. / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

The dynamic behavior of a cracked shaft was studied both in run-up and run-down transient motion. A mathematical model of the shaft was developed , and experimental tests were performed in order to validate the model. A experimental testing rig was conducted, containing an horizontal flexible rotor with a rigid disc in the mid point between the bearings. Experimental and theo retical responses were compared for both cracked and uncracked shafts. All tests were done for several acceleration rates and unbalance conditions. For the theoretical study of dynamic response of the cracked shaft, the stiffness matrix for a cracked element was deduced, using the modified crack Model of Mayes. The rotor model was obtained by using the finite elements method. The equations of motion were integrated in the time domain by using Newmark method to obtain the transient response. Comparing theoretical and experimental results validated the model. For this purpose, the modified Mayes model was used to represent the dynamic response of the crached shaft. Further simulations were conducted to study the influence of acceleration rates, unbalance amplitude /orientation and crack severity on the response of a cracked shaft, running on transient mo tion. / Neste trabalho apresenta -se um estudo do comportamento dinâmico de um rotor com trinca no regime transiente, tanto na parada como na partida. Foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático -computacional de um rotor com trinca e foram também realizados testes experimentais com vistas à validação do modelo. Para o estudo experimental, foi construida uma bancada constituida por um rotor flexível horizontal com um disco rígido montado na posição média do comprimento. A resposta experimental do rotor foi comparada para os casos com e sem trinca. Para tanto, foram usados dois eixos, um com trinca e, o outro, sem trinca. Os testes experimentais foram feitos para diferentes taxas de aceleração e condições de desbalanceamento. Para o estudo teórico da resposta dinâmica do rotor com trinca, foi determinada a matriz de flexibilidade para um elemento com falha, uma vez aplicado o modelo de trinca de Mayes modificado. O modelo do rotor foi obtido através do método dos elementos finitos, e para o cálculo da resposta dinâmica no regime transiente foi utilizado o método de integração numérica de Newmark. O modelo foi validado mediante a comparação dos resultados teóricos com os experimentais, tendo sido mostrado que o Modelo de Mayes modificado representa adequadamente o comportamento dinâmico de um rotor com trinca. Foram feitas simulações para estudar a influência das taxas de aceleração, da intensidade do desbalanceamento presente no sistema e da severidade da trinca sobre o comportamento do rotor com trinca no regime transiente. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica