<p>Empati kan beskrivas som en förmåga att veta vad en person känner och tänker. Denna studies huvudsyfte var att översätta C. Daniel Bat-sons empatiskala till svenska. Syftet var även att testa om det fanns skillnader vid perspektivtagande samt skillnader i empati när den and-re är snäll jämfört med elak. Deltagarna var 111 gymnasiestudenter som fick inta ett perspektiv, objektivt eller med inlevelse, och läsa en historia. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns könsskillnad, men det fanns interaktion mellan historia och läsarperspektiv; skillnaden mellan perspektiven fanns när personen var snäll. Det fanns också skillnad i empati beroende vilken historia deltagarna hade läst. Det var lättare att känna empati för en snäll person än för en person som var elak.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate if physical training on swissball could minimize the pain in back and neck. Two employers where interviewed about physical training and health, to see if their labourers needed physical training. Twelve labourers with sedentary work participated in the study for six weeks. Half group of twelve where active during the same period while other half where inactive. Twelve VAS-scale handled out before and after exercise to give a result. The result show that the majority of active persons got less pain in back and neck after physical exercise on swissball. The majority of inactive persons got more pain.</p>

<p><strong>Bakgrund</strong>: Det finns i nuläget inget svenskt self-efficacy instrument för barn och ungdomar med smärta. Den här undersökningen syftade till att översätta samt reliabilitets- och validitetstesta en engelskspråkig self-efficacy skala för barn och ungdomar med smärta.</p><p><strong>Metod</strong>: Urvalet bestod av 62 elever från tre olika klasser i Uppsala. Skalan översattes till svenska och ett frågeformulär utformades för att möjliggöra en utvärdering av test-retest reliabilitet samt kriterie- och ögonblicksvaliditet.</p><p><strong>Resultat</strong>: Värdena på viktad kappa för överensstämmelsen av två skattningar (S1 och S2) med self-efficacy instrumentet (SEIS) varierade mellan <em>K_w</em>₌0,37 -  <em>K_w</em>₌0,75. Sambandet mellan Functional disability inventory (FDI) och SEIS beräknades med Spearmans rangkorrelation där <em>r_s</em> = 0,364 (p<0,05). Ögonblicksvaliditeten för SEIS beskrevs som att den var lättförståelig, innehöll vardagliga aktiviteter men att vissa aktiviteter saknades.</p><p><strong>Konklusion</strong>: Slutsatsen av denna undersökning var att frågorna i SEIS bör omarbetas för att bli mer specifika och kunna användas. Det kan även utarbetas nya aktiviteter till instrumentet eftersom resultaten av undersökningen visade att vissa aktiviteter saknades. På grund av urvalets karaktär var resultaten troligtvis inte generaliserbara.</p>

The estimation of evapotranspiration (ET), a key process within the Earth's surface water and energy balance, remains an important challenge for a wide range of disciplines such as surface hydrology, irrigation management and meteorology. However, notwithstanding the considerable progress recently made in our understanding of the physical and biological processes governing ET, the accurate quantification of ET is very tricky to achieve, even at a limited spatial scale. In this study, we combine field measurements with numerical experiments to tackle issues related to the quantification of ET and the associated uncertainties for a maize cropped field using two different approaches, i.e. the agro-hydrological modelling and the soil water balance approach. For the agro-hydrological modelling, we mainly focus on the estimation of field-scale soil water content and on the identification of root water uptake parameters. With regard to the field-scale soil water content, we put forward that the within-field variability is large and that the maize crop plays a non-negligible role in the development of the soil water content patterns both at the field and at the maize row scale. For deriving root water uptake parameters (RWUP), we develop and test two different approaches, i.e. the simplified soil water balance and the inverse modelling approach. Using numerical experiments, we show that the simplified soil water balance approach produces quite accurate RWUP. On the other hand, the inverse modelling approach is only successful for some soils and for some conditions due to instability and nonuniqueness issues. For the soil water balance approach, we show that the accuracy of the local ET estimate is strongly dependent on the estimation method used to derive the bottom fluxes and that the use of pedotransfer functions is of little interest. For field-scale ET estimates, we show that the variability of ET is large both at the field scale (due to the variable crop growth) and at the maize row scale (due to the maize row layout). To produce accurate field-scale ET estimates, we suggest to scale up maize row scale ET estimates using the concept of temporal stability or using a covariant such as the Leaf Area Index. The results of our study suggest that the estimation of water fluxes or associated state variables for a row cropped field requires a two-step upscaling strategy, from the local scale to the row, then from the row to the field scale.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaiʻi, 2000. / Chairperson: Brian Murton. Includes bibliographical references.

Humility is widely accepted as a character strength or virtue, yet very little research has been done as to its development or benefits, partly due to the lack of a reliable and valid explicit measure or scale. Since to date no such scale has been published, the current study investigates the importance and nature of humility and develops a measure to be analyzed as to its reliability and validity. Potential scale items were derived from participants’ recollection of humbling experiences and Tangney’s (2000) definition of humility. Principal Components Analysis revealed four humility subscales: openness, self-forgetfulness, accurate self-assessment, and focus on others. Results suggest that the derived 13-item scale has good concurrent and divergent validity, and that three of the four principal components have acceptable reliability. Researchers can use information from the Humility scale to better understand how it relates to other concepts of positive psychology and how increasing humility might be advantageous to interpersonal relationships.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1973. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-297). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

The Jurassic Quiet Zone (JQZ) is a region of low amplitude, difficult-to-correlate magnetic anomalies located over Jurassic oceanic crust. We collected 1200 km of new deep-tow magnetic anomaly profiles over the Pacific JQZ that complement 2 deep-tow profiles reported in Sager et al. (1998). Our primary goals were to extend the correlation of deep-tow magnetic anomalies farther back in time, to evaluate the correlatability and repeatability of anomalies, and to refine the Jurassic geomagnetic polarity reversal time scale (GPTS). Correlations of anomalies were excellent over M34 and over supposedly older seafloor to the south of ODP Site 801. In contrast, the correlation in the region between M34 and Site 801 was difficult. Using anomaly correlation models, we made magnetic polarity block models to establish a revised Jurassic GPTS extending until 169.4 Ma. Age calibration was accomplished with radiometric dates from two ODP holes. Systematic changes in anomaly amplitudes occur along the survey lines with the amplitudes decreasing backward in time and then increasing again in the oldest part of survey area. The zone of the most difficult to correlate anomalies corresponds to a period of ~4 m.y. that appears to have an abrupt end. This low amplitude zone suggests unusual magnetic behavior during the Jurassic. It has been said that many of the larger anomalies are likely caused by changes in polarity, whereas smaller anomalies may be intensity fluctuations. Although it is impossible to identify which anomalies are caused by reversals and which are not, magnetization structures observed in ODP Hole 801C suggest that many of the smallest anomalies, particularly around Hole 801C indicate polarity reversals. We concluded that (1) the new data demonstrates repeatability and correlatability of the JQZ magnetic anomalies implying that they are seafloor spreading lineations and (2) good correlations made new GPTS models extending back to 169.4 Ma; and (3) the origin of the JQZ may be a combination of rapid polarity reversals in the Jurassic low magnetic dipole field and closely spaced, tilted magnetization structure in the oceanic crust.

Visual motion carries information about the dynamics of ascene. Automatic interpretation of this information isimportant when designing computer systems forvisualnavigation, surveillance, human-computer interaction, browsingof video databases and other growing applications. In this thesis, we address the issue of motionrepresentation for the purpose of detecting and recognizingmotion patterns in video sequences. We localize the motion inspace and time and propose to use local spatio-temporal imagefeatures as primitives when representing and recognizingmotions. To detect such features, we propose to maximize ameasure of local variation of the image function over space andtime and show that such a method detects meaningful events inimage sequences. Due to its local nature, the proposed methodavoids the in.uence of global variations in the scene andovercomes the need for spatial segmentation and tracking priorto motion recognition. These properties are shown to be highlyuseful when recognizing human actions in complexscen es. Variations in scale and in relative motions of the cameramay strongly in.uence the structure of image sequences andtherefore the performance of recognition schemes. To addressthis problem, we develop a theory of local spatio-temporaladaptation and show that this approach provides invariance whenanalyzing image sequences under scaling and velocitytransformations. To obtain discriminative representations ofmotion patterns, we also develop several types of motiondescriptors and use them for classifying and matching localfeatures in image sequences. An extensive evaluation of thisapproach is performed and results in the context of the problemof human action recognition are presented. I n summary, this thesis provides the following contributions:(i) it introduces the notion of local features in space-timeand demonstrates the successful application of such featuresfor motion interpretation; (ii) it presents a theory and anevaluation of methods for local adaptation with respect toscale and velocity transformations in image sequences and (iii)it presents and evaluates a set of local motion descriptors,which in combination with methods for feature detection andfeature adaptation allow for robust recognition of humanactions in complexs cenes with cluttered and non-stationarybackgrounds as well as camera motion.

No description available.