Migrant workers' inequality generates many social issues like Why Migrant workers' children spend more tuition in cities than urban workers' ones since they are all Chinese? As workers in cities shared with the same workload and hours, why migrant workers can only obtain low wages, less job offers and exclusion from social security? In the circumstance of financial crisis, why migrant workers are the first to be unemployed? These long-standing issues always cause social concern and accordingly become motives for the study. The article not only describes migrant workers' livelihood, but also aims at the comparative study between them and urban workers. The finding demonstrated migrant workers are relatively weak upon wages, employment opportunity, their children 's education level and social welfare. Such unfair treatment could be attributed to migrant workers' identity problems¡Bhighly variable labor market and incomplete policy implementation. China 's economy and related policy changes yearly since its reform and opening-up policy, however, they are not fully consider migrant workers factor. Besides, limited with its self-interest, local government's policy implementation shows discrepancy from central counterpart's intention. With vicious circle potential which might affect society in many aspects, government should focus on migrant workers' unfair treatment improvement. The research finding could benefit reader's comprehensive understanding upon migrant workers' core issues. Furthermore, China government's solution could be meaningful references for the improvement of Taiwanese business's migrant workers treatment and Taiwan government's foreign-labor policy.

This study examines the impacts of the United States federal policy Public Law 93-531, the Navajo Hopi Land Settlement Act, which was passed by Congress in 1974. P.L. 93-531 forced many Navajo families and their children who had resided on their traditional homeland for generations to relocate elsewhere. Today, Navajo residents who were minors when they relocated with their parent(s) find themselves dispossessed of their cultural heritage. Basically, P.L. 93-531 dispossessed and displaced the Navajo minors (now adults) from their inherent traditional homelands, thus creating a second generation of Navajo relocatees. The relocation plan was not inclusive of second generation Navajo relocatees as stakeholders, leaving them in an indeterminate legal, economic, political, and social state. The primary questions addressed are these, 1) How has the relocation experience, due to Public Law 93-53, impacted the lives of second generation Navajo children, now adults, living in towns or cities off the Navajo Nation? What have been the perspectives and challenges of the participants after relocation? 2) What has the federal and Navajo government’s role been in the lives of Children of Relocation? The study utilizes a modified theoretical framework, Peoplehood Matrix, which encompasses the components of, language, ceremonial cycle, land, and sacred history, with the addition of livelihood. The components of the modified Peoplehood Matrix are interwoven and dependent upon one another which contribute to a group or individuals identity (Holm, Pearson and Chavis 2003). Qualitative and quantitative methodologies of collecting artifacts, a Q-method survey, and in-depth interview are used to study the second generation Navajo relocatees as adults living away from the Navajo Nation to document the challenges they experienced as a result of compulsory relocation. Although few studies address Navajo adult relocatees, there are no significant studies addressing second generation Navajos relocatees.

This dissertation analyses long-term intergenerational psychological effects of political trauma. According to trauma psychology and studies of impacts of political repression, it was presumed that the long-term psychological effects of political repression are felt not just by the survivors, but also by their adult children. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term psychological effects of Soviet and Nazi repression to repressed second generation, and to establish intergenerational links of mental health between survivors of political repression and second generation. Altogether three groups of second generation were surveyed: children of survivors of Soviet and Nazi repression, Holocaust second generation and children of not-repressed Lithuanian citizens. According to the thematic analyses of qualitative data, various long-term psychological consequences of parents’ political repression were identified, second generation connect some of their hardship with these experiences. Path analysis revealed relationship of posttraumatic reactions of parent and child. On the other hand statistical analysis disclosed that current posttraumatic reactions of second generation in general, hopelessness and sense of coherence of second generation of survivors of political repression in Lithuania are the same as in two comparison groups. These results are in line with Holocaust second generation research trends – there are long-term consequences, but second generation does not differ... [to full text] / Disertacijoje analizuojamas ilgalaikis tarpgeneracinis politinių traumų psichologinis poveikis. Remiantis traumų psichologijos žiniomis ir politinių represijų poveikio tyrimais, keliama prielaida, kad ilgalaikes psichologines politinių represijų pasekmes jaučia ne tik išgyvenusieji šias represijas, bet ir jų suaugę vaikai. Šio darbo tikslai yra įvertinti ilgalaikes politinių represijų pasekmes nuo sovietų ir nacių nukentėjusių antrosios kartos atstovams ir, į analizę įtraukus išgyvenusiųjų, tai yra jų tėvų, duomenis, nustatyti tarpgeneracines psichinės sveikatos sąsajas. Iš viso tyrime apklaustos trys antrosios kartos atstovų grupės: išgyvenusių sovietų ir nacių represijas atstovai ir dvi palyginamosios grupės – išgyvenusių holokaustą ir nenukentėjusių vaikai. Remiantis atlikta temine kokybinių duomenų analize nustatytos įvairiapusės ilgalaikės psichologinės tėvų politinių represijų pasekmes, antroji karta su šiuo patyrimu sieja patirtus sunkumus. Tako modeliavimas atskleidė tėvų ir vaikų potrauminių reakcijų sąsajas. Kita vertus, statistinė analizė parodė, kad antrosios kartos atstovų dabartinė psichinė sveikata, tai yra potrauminės reakcijos bendrai, nevilties lygis ir vidinės darnos jausmas, nesiskiria nuo palyginamųjų grupių atitinkamų psichinės sveikatos rodiklių. Šie rezultatai atitinka holokausto antrosios kartos tyrimų tendencijas – nustatomos ilgalaikės pasekmės, tačiau antroji karta neišsiskiria savo psichopatologija.

The main research question of this project asks: what role does Indian classical dance play in the identity formation of second generation Canadian women of South Asian origin as they negotiate their identities as Canadians living in a multicultural country? The research question is analyzed through the theoretical frameworks of both citizenship theory, identity theory, and Bourdieu’s notions of ‘habitus’, ‘field’, and cultural capital. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with dancers of 2 main dance styles (“Kathak” and “Bharatnatyam”) and of various ages over 18. Interviews are also conducted with a dance teacher/creative director and a dance company coordinator. Findings indicate that Indian classical dance influences identity formation in 3 main ways: in the way that the participants embody the dance forms of Kathak and/or Bharatnatyam, in the way they form their identities as individuals, and in the way they form their identities as multicultural Canadians.

The main research question of this project asks: what role does Indian classical dance play in the identity formation of second generation Canadian women of South Asian origin as they negotiate their identities as Canadians living in a multicultural country? The research question is analyzed through the theoretical frameworks of both citizenship theory, identity theory, and Bourdieu’s notions of ‘habitus’, ‘field’, and cultural capital. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with dancers of 2 main dance styles (“Kathak” and “Bharatnatyam”) and of various ages over 18. Interviews are also conducted with a dance teacher/creative director and a dance company coordinator. Findings indicate that Indian classical dance influences identity formation in 3 main ways: in the way that the participants embody the dance forms of Kathak and/or Bharatnatyam, in the way they form their identities as individuals, and in the way they form their identities as multicultural Canadians.

Family owned businesses strive to not only be successful as measured by profit, market position, and other determinants used to gauge businesses success, but they also strive in the continuity of transitioning management and ownership from one generation to the next. This study explores the experiences of second generation successors with the succession process and how those experiences may influence their approach to planning the next generation succession. A qualitative case study approach was followed, using data collected from twelve second generation family business owners. This research examined the succession experiences of these owners in the areas of succession planning, successor development, individual learning, and the culture of stewardship. A contribution to the body of knowledge is made by developing these areas. This research addresses a gap in the literature where no research existed which specifically focused on second generation experiences. A contribution to practice is made by outlining how these areas influenced second generation family business owners as they contemplate approaches to future succession. This research identifies possible areas for future research.

Applying a historical approach which contextualizes ethnic and gender perspectives, this thesis investigates the obstacles that second-generation Chinese American women encountered as they moved into the public sphere. This included sexual restraints at home and racial harassment outside. This study examines, as well, the opportunities that stimulated these women to break from their confinements. Anna May Wong and Hazel Ying Lee will serve as two role models among this second generation of women who successfully combined their cultural heritage with their education in the U.S. Their contributions inspired a whole generation of young bi-cultural women of their time. I will argue that, although the second generation had gone through cultural acculturation and resistance toward American mainstream culture, they constructed their new Chinese American identity during World War II through a synthesis of their contribution to the gender relations and ethnic identification in nationalist project.

Within Asian cultures, stigma is commonly associated with seeking professional help for mental health issues, resulting in underutilization of professional services. While recent research has identified unique barriers in seeking help among first-generation immigrant women, perceptions of counselling remain understudied in the context of second-generation Asian Canadian women who identify as bicultural—particularly those facing gender-based violence. This article-based thesis sought to gain a better understanding of second-generation Asian Canadian women’s perspectives on counselling within the context of gender-based violence and bicultural identity. Because visible minority women are often a marginalized segment of the Canadian population, this study drew from the narrative approach, in which stories were collected and analyzed. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five participants. Results are presented in a manuscript and consist of five themes: (a) intersectionality, (b) perceptions of mental health and counselling, (c) barriers to counselling, (d) counselling experiences, and (e) hopes for counselling. Observations on “the bicultural struggle” and gender-based violence are also discussed in the thesis. The findings elaborate understandings of multiple social identities in second-generation Asian women’s perceptions of counselling and experiences with gender-based violence, and help inform multicultural counselling practices with Asian populations.

Doctor of Philosophy / Family Studies and Human Services / Joyce Baptist / The model minority stereotype portrays Asian Americans as resilient, educationally and financially successful, and family-focused, while it downplays the realities of discrimination and its effects on self-esteem. Research suggests that gender roles and immigration experiences are contributing factors to why Asian American women, especially second-generation immigrants, experience greater stress than women of other ethnic groups and Asian American men in general. Considering most Asian Americans are of East and Southeast Asian heritages influenced by Confucian family values and gender roles, this study examined how these values mediated the associated from discrimination to self-esteem during adolescence, and to educational and financial achievement (wellbeing) during adulthood for second-generation immigrants. Using data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (N = 554), results from a partially constrained group-comparison model demonstrated that Confucian values of familism and family cohesion were factors that significantly predicted adolescent self-esteem and adult educational achievement. Men’s level of familism endorsement was also uniquely related to experiences with discrimination. Clinical implications and further research directions are discussed.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to study the association between remittances, socioeconomic status and ties to destination and origin country among immigrants and the second-generation in the UK. The data stem from wave 1 and 4 (2009 and 2013) of the Understanding Society - The UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). Two Models are specified. The first one is cross-sectional and places an explicit focus on remittances to family and friends. The second Model utilizes longitudinal data to study the dynamics between remittances and employment status. Employment status is the main independent variable in both Models. The main findings harmonize with previous research indicating that while economic factors are important, other factors, for example, family bonds and time since migration, can be of equal weight for the understanding of remittances. Relative to an immigrant, the second generation is found to have significantly lower odds of remitting to family and friends and to remit for any reason. It is likely that an intricate mix of individual capacity, incentives and desires guide the decision to remit, making it a truly multifaceted phenomenon.