The use of the cold-formed steel sheet bolted connections without washers is so significant; however, the North American Specifications for the Design of Cold Formed Steel Structural Members, NASPEC, doesn't provide provisions for such connections. The bearing failure of sheet and the shear failure of sheet were considered in this study. For the sheet shear strength, it was found that the NASPEC (2007) design provisions can be used for oversized holes in both single and double shear configurations and for the double shear connections on short slotted holes. For the sheet bearing strength, a new design method was proposed to be used for low and high ductile steel sheets. The method was compared with the NASPEC and the University of Waterloo approach. Washers were still required for single shear connections on short slotted holes. Besides, connections using ASTM A325 bolts yielded higher bearing strength than connections using ASTM A307 bolts.

In cold-formed steel (CFS) construction, bolted connections without washers for either oversized or slotted holes may significantly expedite the installation process and lower the cost. However, the North American Specification (AISI S100, 2007) for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members requires washers to be installed in bolted connections with oversized or slotted holes. A research project (Phase 1) sponsored by American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) was recently completed at the University of North Texas (UNT) that investigated the performance and strength of bolted CFS connections with oversized and slotted holes without using washers. The research presented in this thesis is the Phase 2 project in which the bolted CFS connections were studied in a broader respect in terms of the failure mechanism, the material thickness, and the hole configurations. Single shear and double shear connections without washers using oversized holes, oversized combined with standard or slotted holes were experimentally examined. Combined with Phase 1 results, the Phase 2 gives a comprehensive evaluation of the behavior and strength of bolted CFS connections with oversized and slotted holes without using washers. Revisions to the existing AISI North American Specification requirements for bolted connections are proposed to account for the reduction in the connection strength caused by the oversized and slotted hole configurations without washers. Specific LRFD and LSD resistance factors and ASD safety factors for different hole configurations in terms of the new proposed methods were presented.

Orientador: Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:52:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Theobaldo_JessicaDias_M.pdf: 1963787 bytes, checksum: cb1d935e6d8c39551ed0eb14ebf3065f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da fumaça do cigarro nas propriedades físico-químicas da estrutura dental e na resistência de união à resina composta utilizando diferentes sistemas adesivos, em dois estudos. O objetivo do Estudo 1 foi avaliar a influência da exposição à fumaça (20 cigarros/dia, durante 5 dias) e da ciclagem de pH (8 dias) na composição química e na dureza superficial e sub-superficial do esmalte dental. Foram utilizados 40 fragmentos dentais bovinos (esmalte e dentina), divididos em 4 grupos (n=10): Controle¿ sem nenhum tratamento; CS- exposição à fumaça de cigarro; PC- ciclagem de pH; e CS-PC¿ exposição à fumaça e ciclagem de pH. Após os tratamentos, as amostras foram submetidas à análise de Microfluorescência por Rx, Fluorescência por Rx e análise de microdureza superficial e sub-superficial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA e teste de Tukey, além do Teste de Fisher para análise de Microfluorescência por Rx (?<0,05). Na microfluorescência, observou-se uma maior quantidade dos elementos Cádmio e Níquel, e traços de Chumbo e Arsênio para CS e CS-PC. A microdureza superficial e sub-superficial de esmalte foi maior para o grupo CS diferindo estatisticamente do grupo controle. Para os grupos submetidos à ciclagem de pH, houve menor microdureza, sem diferença entre amostras expostas ou não à fumaça de cigarro, e estas diferiram dos grupos Controle e CS. No Estudo 2, analisou-se resistência adesiva de restaurações realizadas com diferentes sistemas adesivos, através do teste de microcisalhamento em esmalte e dentina, sendo o esmalte submetido ou não à exposição à fumaça de cigarro. Utilizou-se 80 fragmentos dentais bovinos, divididos em 8 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tipo de adesivo [SBMP- Scotchbond¿ Multi-uso (3M ESPE), SB- Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); CSEB- Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) e SBU- Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE)] e a exposição à fumaça (sem exposição; exposição), previamente à realização da restauração com resina [Filtek Z350XT flow (3M ESPE)]. Após o microcisalhamento em esmalte, o mesmo foi desgastado até exposição da dentina, e o procedimento restaurador foi repetido. Para esmalte, não houve diferença em relação à exposição ou não à fumaça de cigarro (p=0,1397), somente entre os sistemas adesivos (p<0,001). CSEB e SBU apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência de união, mas ambos diferiram do SB, que apresentou os menores valores. SBMP apresentou valores intermediários. Para dentina, os grupos submetidos à fumaça de cigarro obtiveram valores de resistência de união menores que os não expostos (p<0,001). Para os grupos não expostos à fumaça de cigarro, CSEB apresentou os maiores valores diferindo do SBMP. SB e SBU apresentaram valores intermediários. Para os grupos expostos à fumaça de cigarro, SBU apresentou os maiores valores diferindo de SB e CSEB. SBMP apresentou valores intermediários. Conclui-se que a exposição à fumaça de cigarro permitiu a incorporação de metais pesados na estrutura dental, aumentou a microdureza do esmalte sem promover efeito no processo de desenvolvimento da cárie in vitro, e a fumaça de cigarro diminui a resistência de união adesiva para alguns sistemas adesivos em dentina, mas não em esmalte / Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of cigarette smoke on physico-chemical properties of enamel and dentin and bond strength to resin composite using different adhesive systems. For this, it was divided into two studies. Study 1 evaluated the influence of exposure to smoke (20 cigarettes per day for 5 days) and pH cycling (8 day cycle) in the chemical composition and surface and cross-sectional microhardness of dental substrate. 40 bovine dental fragments (enamel and dentin) were allocated into 4 groups (n=10): Control- without any treatment, CS- exposure to cigarette smoke, PC- pH cycling and CS-PC- exposure to smoke and pH cycling. After that, samples are subjected to X¿Ray Microfluorescence, X¿Ray Fluorescence and surface and cross-sectional microhardness. It was possible to observe a high amount of Cd and Pb and a low amount of Ni and As in dental structure. The enamel surface and cross-section microhardness means of CS was statistically higher than the control group. The samples exposed to pH cycling (PC and CS-PC) showed lower surface microhardness means than the groups not exposed to the cycling (CS and Control), did not differ them. Study 2 evaluated the bond strength of composite resin restorations in teeth submitted or not to exposure to cigarette smoke. The bond strength was be evaluated in both enamel and dentin tissue. A total of 80 bovine dental fragments will be used. The fragments are divided into 8 groups (n=10), according to the type of adhesive (Scotchbond ¿ Multi-Purpose - 3M ESPE; Single Bond 2 - 3M ESPE; Clearfil SE Bond ¿ Kuraray; Single Bond Universal - 3M ESPE) and exposure to smoke (no exposure; exposure for 5 days, using 1 pack per day) previously to restoration with composite resin [Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE)]. After microshear enamel, it has been worn to exposed dentin and the restorative procedure was repeated. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (p <0.05). For enamel, there was no difference in relation to exposure or not to cigarette smoke (p=0.1397), however, there were differences among the adhesive systems (p<0.001). CSEB showed higher values and did not differ from SBU, but both were statistically different from SB. The SBMP showed intermediate values while SB demonstrated lower values. For dentin, specimens subjected to cigarette smoke obtained bond strength values smaller to those not exposed to smoke (p<0.001). For the groups without exposure to cigarett smoke, CSEB showed higher values, differing from SBMP (lower values). SB and SBU showed intermediary values. For the groups with exposure to cigarett, SBU showed higher values differing from adhesives SB and CSEB that showed the lower. The adhesive SBMP showed intermediate value. It is possible to conclude that the exposure to cigarette smoke promoted heavy metal contamination both in surface and in depth, the smoke exposure increased the enamel microhardness without promoting an effect on the development of caries in vitro and the exposure of the tooth structure to cigarette smoke influence on the bonding strength of some adhesive on dentin, but not in enamel / Mestrado / Dentística / Mestra em Clínica Odontológica

The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of bonded ballistic materialsBalistic composites are mainly glued to reduce weight while keeping their protective properties. On this basis, the materials used were ballistic steel, ceramics, rubber kevlar, non-gummed kevlar, Dyneema and fiberglass. For bonding used were a one-component adhesive Collano 36.104 and two-component adhesive Biresin U1305. The strength of the joint was measured in shear at tensile loads. From these results, deformation energy was further calculated.

The thesis deals with the theory of 3D printing, materials for printing and bonding. It focuses on FDM printing and PLA material. It also compares gluing with other methods and deals with the distribution of adhesives, the gluing procedure and tests of glued joints. The work, based on literature studies, proposes an experiment to evaluate selected adhesives. The practical part contains a description, results and evaluation of the experiment. The evaluation of adhesives is based on tensile and shear strength.

Diploma thesis is aimed at deposition of thin films on glass fibers using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from tetravinylsilane as a monomer. Such surface modified glass fibers were used as reinforcements for fabrication of polymer composites with unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix. Chemical and optical properties of prepared thin films were characterized using infared spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. An influence of deposited thin films on the shear strength of composite material was observed using short-beam shear test.

The present research is conducted to investigate the structural behaviour of continuously supported deep beams made with SCC. A series of tests on eight reinforced two-span continuous deep beams made with SCC was performed. The main parameters investigated were the shear span-to-depth ratio, the amount and configuration of web reinforcement and the main longitudinal reinforcement ratio. All beams failed due to a major diagonal crack formed between the applied mid-span load and the intermediate support separating the beam into two blocks: the first one rotated around the end support leaving the rest of the beam fixed on the other two supports. The amount and configuration of web reinforcement had a major effect in controlling the shear capacity of SCC continuous deep beams. The shear provisions of the ACI 318M-11 reasonably predicted the load capacity of SCC continuous deep beams. The strut-and-tie model recommended by different design codes showed conservative results for all SCC continuous deep beams. The ACI Building Code (ACI 318M-11) predictions were more accurate than those of the EC2 and Canadian Code (CSA23.3-04). The proposed effectiveness factor equations for the strut-and-tie model showed accurate predictions compared to the experimental results. The different equations of the effectiveness factor used in upper-bound analysis can reasonably be applied to the prediction of the load capacity of continuously supported SCC deep beams although they were proposed for normal concrete (NC). The proposed three dimensional FE model accurately predicted the failure modes, the load capacity and the load-deflection response of the beams tested. / Higher Education Institute in the Libyan Government

Knots are usually regarded as defects when grading lumber. In order to evaluate a member under out-of-plane loading, shear strength is one of the major mechanical properties, specifically, rolling shear (RS) strength is one of the critical mechanical properties of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), which determines the flexural strength of CLT under short-span bending loads. Lower grade lumber with a higher percentage of knots is recommended to be utilized for the cross-layer laminations which are mainly responsible for resisting shear stresses. Firstly, shear tests were performed in order to evaluate the effect of knots on longitudinal shear strength using shear blocks. After that, the effect of knots on the RS strength of 3-ply southern yellow pine CLT were investigated by experimental tests and an analytical model. Center-point bending tests with a span-to-depth ratio of 6 and two-plate shear tests with a loading angle of 14° were conducted on six CLT configurations composed of different types of cross layer laminations: clear flatsawn lumber with/without pith, lumber with sound knots with/without pith, and lumber with decayed knots with/without pith. The shear analogy method was implemented to evaluate the RS strength values from the bending test results, which were also compared against the results from the two-plate shear tests. It was found that: (1) The shear blocks containing sound knots had higher shear strength than matched clear shear blocks, the shear blocks containing unsound knots had lower shear strength than the matched clear shear blocks. (2) CLT specimens with cross-layer laminations with either sound knots or decayed knots had higher RS strength. (3) In general, the shear analogy method underestimated the RS strength of CLT specimens containing knots and pith.

The non-reactive Dreiding and the reactive ReaxFF atomic potentials were applied within a family of atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate and understand interfacial adhesion in graphene/vinyl ester composites. First, a liquid vinyl ester (VE) resin was equilibrated in the presence of graphene surfaces and then cured, resulting in a gradient in the monomer distribution as a function of distance from the surfaces. Then the chemically realistic relative reactivity volume (RRV) curing algorithm was applied that mimics the known radical addition regiochemistry and monomer reactivity ratios of the VE monomers during three-dimensional chain-growth polymerization. Surface adhesion between the cured VE resin and the graphene reinforcement surfaces was obtained at a series of VE resin “crosslink densities.” Both pristine and oxidized graphite sheets were employed separately in these simulations using a Dreiding potential. The pristine sheets serve as a surrogate for pure carbon fibers while oxidizing the outer graphene sheets serve as a model for oxidized carbon fibers. Hence, the effects of local monomer distribution and temperature on the interphase region formation and surface adhesion can be investigated. Surface adhesion was studied at various curing conversions and as a function of temperature. Uniaxial loading simulations were performed at different curing conversions for both models to predict the composites’ modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, and yield strength. The same analysis was performed for the neat cured matrix. The glass transition temperature (Tg) for the homogenized composite and neat VE matrix was determined at different degrees of curing. Subsequent MD simulations were performed to predict structural damage evolution and fracture in the neat VE matrix. The ReaxFF potential was used to quantify irreversible damage due to bond breakage in the neat VE matrix for different degrees of cure, stress states, temperatures, and strain rates. The predicted damage mechanisms in the bulk VE thermosetting polymer were directly compared to those for an amorphous polyethylene (PE) thermoplastic polymer.

No description available.