I staden finns ingen socialdioxid. Detta sammanfattar den underliggande problemställningen som har legat till grund för hela arbetet. Hur ska vi mäta social hållbarhet och jämställa dess faktorer mot ekologi och ekonomi? Vi står inför en rad stora sociala utmaningar i och med den rådande bostadsbristen och urbaniseringen, detta kräver att vi vågar testa nya metoder i stadsbyggandet. Men hur ska vi utvärdera, mäta och breda plats för det sociala perspektivet? Eller måste vi bara tvingas inse att sociala konsekvenser är ”omätbara”? Hållbarhet som begrepp har många gånger avfärdats för att vara allt för öppet och vitt. Därför krävs det metoder för att definiera hållbarhet och gör begreppet konkret och arbetbart i planeringsskedet. Detta har i Sverige bland annat gjorts för den ekologiska hållbarheten genom miljöbalken och kravet på miljöbedömningar, som sedan kan utmynna i en miljökonsekvensbeskrivning (MKB). För den sociala hållbarheten har det inte på sammasätt utvecklats några verktyg. På senare tid har dock den sociala hållbarheten blivit en allt större fråga. Till exempel har Göteborg genom projektet ”Social hållbar utveckling år 2020” tagit fram en kunskapsmatris för bedömning av social hållbarhet i planeringen. Ett antal mindre kommuner, däribland Gällivare, har tagit fram så kallade sociala konsekvensbeskrivningar (SKB) som är ett verktyg för att konceptualisera den sociala hållbarheten i planeringen. Men hur fungerar egentligen sociala konsekvensbeskrivningar i praktiken och hur kan de integreras i planerings-och gestaltningsprocessen? I arbetet diskuteras begreppet sociala konsekvensbeskrivningar och dess förhållande till det sociala hållbarhetsbegreppet samt vad sociala konsekvenser egentligen innebär. Vidare diskuteras även för-och nackdelar av konceptualisering genom framförallt checklistor och designprinciper. Arbetet omfattas av en generell forsknings-och kunskapsöversikt, samt en fallstudie över Gällivares arbete med social hållbarhet genom strategiska dokument och SKB. Slutligen översätts teorin och analyserna till ett planförslag med fokus på att stärka den sociala hållbarheten i Gällivare.  I arbetet konstateras bland annat att sociala konsekvensbeskrivningar ännu är ett svagt begrepp ur en svensk kontext. Begreppet har inte slagit rot på samma sätt som sitt syskon, MKB, och detta skapar en begreppsförvirring som påverkar SKB-begreppet negativt. För att gå vidare krävs det att vi kan enas om ett begrepp för att förflytta diskussionen från: ”Vad betyder SKB?” till att istället fråga oss ”Hur ska SKB användas för komplettera den övriga planprocessen och konceptualisera sociala konsekvenser på bästa sätt?” För att den sociala hållbarheten ska bli en självklar del av processen krävs det att vi kan enas om ramverk och riktlinjer för att möjliggöra för bredare samverkan och diskussion.

This report presents findings from a social assessment of siting a low­ level radioactive waste storage facility in Michigan. The research focused specifically on how people perceive themselves to be affected by the proposed facility and the degree of community support for and opposition to the facility. Social assessment research in the LLRW project consisted of a telephone survey of Michigan residents and an in-depth ethnographic survey of residents in the tri-state area of Michigan, Indiana and Ohio. Findings from these studies can aid in the development and implementation of a social monitoring program and in the design of community-based measures to mitigate unwanted social impacts.

This paper is about modeling the perceived social impacts of three proposed marine protected areas (MPAs), each designed to protect coral reefs. The paper argues that shared perceptions of these impacts have resulted in divergent community-level responses to these MPA proposals. The study is uniquely situated in the Bahamas where the government has approved setting aside 30 No-take MPAs (including three under study here) to protect the coastal marine environment. The paper is based on 572 interviews conducted during eight Weld trips with members of six traditional settlements in the Exuma Islands and Cays in the central Bahamas. Overall, 34% of the census population of these settlements was interviewed at least once. Key Findings are that an MPA can impact in either positive or negative ways (a) community agency by the process of siting, (b) community resilience by eliminating or supporting some components of their traditional adaptations to social and natural environments, and (c) community identity by precluding or protecting customary marine access. MPA impacts to local communities determine whether those communities will support or resist proposed MPAs.

This paper argues for the application of Risk Society (Ulrich Beck & Anthony Giddens) and Social Resilience (Fikret Berkes & Carl Folke) theories in the social impact assessment (SIA) of proposed marine protected areas (MPAs). The former theory is the most cited social theory in Europe and has been found to explain worldwide human responses to proposed projects. The latter theory brings to the SIA of MPAs proven notions from human ecology. This paper is based on an on-going assessment of proposed MPA effects in the Bahamas and the growing literature on MPAs.

This is an assessment of the social and cultural factors that potentially will influence the transfer of Caribbean King Crab or Mithrax mariculture as it has been developed in two West Indian project sites. The projects are located in Nonsuch Bay, Antigua, and Buen Hombre,Dominican Republic. The projects derive from an original proposal entitled "A New Mariculture Project for the Lesser Antilles," which was submitted by the Smithsonian Institution, Marine Systems Laboratory (MSL), to the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). That project was funded as AID Project No. 598 -065. This anthropological and sociological assessment was contracted by the Smithsonian Institution as specified in P.O. No. ST5080090000 on July 10, 1985.

This presentation was created to supplement the Mithrax Crab culture technical report Caribbean Fishermen Farmers and provide images that can further convey an understanding of the analysis and findings presented in the Antigua portion of the report.

This presentation was created to supplement the Mithrax Crab culture technical report Caribbean Fishermen Farmers and provide images that can further convey an understanding of the analysis and findings presented in the Dominican Republic portion of the report.

American Indian lands and cultural resources have been observed, desired, and then taken by Euroamericans since the "Invasion of America." To know any case of such encroachment is to understand something of the entire history and perhaps the future of Native American - Euroamerican relations. But it is only by comparing cases through time and across space that we see most clearly the patterns that best help us understand this process of encroachment. From our reading of the literature on this subject, especially the outstanding contributions made by Francis Jennings in The Invasion of America (1975) and by Alfred Crosby in The Columbian Exchange (1972), it is clear that certain strategies of competition and domination are regularly utilized by Euroamericans. Because such strategies are deeply rooted in fundamental premises of Euroamerican culture (Hagen 1980:66), we can expect that the strategies are and will continue to be important factors where Native Americans and Euroamericans are competing for resources. Moreover, we believe that much contemporary competition for resources can be viewed as the latest phase in the continuing "Invasion of America" (MacDonald, 1980: 170).

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In this thesis, Meteorum Geopark was researched to understand the social impact and the potential of Geoparks and Geotourism to contribute to sustainable economic development in an OECD nation. Meteorum is located in Dalarna, Sweden and is situated in a region called the Siljan Ring. As the Siljan Ring is a product of a meteorite impact from over 350 million years ago, this impact crater has helped to make the area unique in both its geodiversity and its cultural heritage. Having this as a basis for the development of a Geopark, the aim is to receive official UNESCO designation in the future. The study focused on social impacts and specifically the ability for a Geopark to create community empowerment. This method of analysis was used to understand the social impacts and lay a foundation for understanding the linkages for sustainable economic development. By analyzing the social impacts through a community empowerment framework, it was found that Meteorum can contribute in more ways than just economical benefits. It can help create an identity for the region and foster a management style that is conducive to prolonged development. Meteorum Geopark was seen to have the most potential for community empowerment within the psychological and political aspects of community empowerment. It was seen that Meteorum Geopark can foster a greater level of pride and identity through the democratic foundation for which it was built upon. Thus, it was found to have potential for enhancement of community empowerment within the Siljan Ring. With community empowerment as a potential outcome of Meteorum Geopark, the information was taken one step further to evaluate if it fit into the criteria for sustainable economic development. This was done by understanding Ostrom's management of the commons. The conception was that if a basis for effective management of the commons could be achieved, this would create an outcome that could result in sustainable economic development. This assessment hinged on the criteria of trust and reciprocity as presented by Ostrom. The geopark was found to exhibit aspects of trust and reciprocity which are essential to management of the commons. However, it was inconclusive as to the overall level that it could contribute and fulfill the criteria.