Abstract Micro financing is perceived to contribute towards poverty reduction by developing small enterprises. We examined the Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction (CFPR) programme implemented by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) between 2002 and 2007. We selected this case because it used a different approach of micro financing where assets were transferred rather than cash to participants. We examined two aspects of the programme: (i) the impact of micro financing through asset transfer instead of cash on reducing poverty; (ii) the factors that contributed to positive impact or little or no impact on the economic conditions of the participant households and the trajectories of changes experienced in these economic conditions. These were analysed using data gathered from a survey of 21 beneficiaries and also from the in-depth interviews of 8 of these households, which included both successful and not so successful cases. The study found that the asset transferring programme resulted in significant improvement in the livelihood of the majority of members. However, in some cases the beneficiaries did not see any or significant improvement in their livelihood. The study revealed that households that demonstrated proper planning, hard work, and personal interest in the business they started have witnessed improved quality of life through micro financing, while idleness of members and absence of proper planning resulted in failures. To some extent, it was found that social barriers can also contribute to failures, even if the beneficiaries work hard and are highly motivated. Based on these findings, the study makes some policy recommendations

We live in an age where our most significant 'story' is becoming that of a growing population living on a resource scarce planet. The need for us to do things differently is clear, increasing our awareness of the importance for social innovation around the world, yet the overriding narrative of our time remains embedded in a value system that maintains things just as they are. By looking at the stories we tell and the ways we tell them this study seeks to understand the role that 'narrative' plays in shaping our world, the power it has to influence an alternative reality, and its significance in creating conditions that are conducive for social innovation to occur. This paper gains a deeper understanding of the value systems in which our storytelling behaviour seems to be fundamentally entrenched by exploring the differences between how we understand and make sense of stories of commercial, as opposed to social, interest. In doing so, it has tried to gain insight into how we have successfully managed to sustain and fuel the growth of a global culture that rooted in an extrinsic value system, while we have failed to engender a sense of social responsibility, justice and equality. By conducting a series of participatory action research workshops across four different case study contexts, the research sought to challenge three core elements identified in the literature as occurring in narrative patterns: (1) narratives appear to be framed within either a negative or a positive framework; therefore, reflecting only a 'partial story', and perpetuating stereotypes or incomplete truths; (2) they are generally told by a single, external storyteller, with a very clear agenda; and (3) they are constructed to appeal to extrinsic values. The study set out to understand how we might unlock fixed narratives in the pursuit of social innovation - reconstructing new narratives that could in turn influence and perpetuate alternative realities. The workshop approach drew on influences from three practice-based methods: Theory U, human-centred design and elements of mindfulness practices. They were designed to prioritise story creation by multiple storytellers from inside the case study context, encourage the exploration of both negative and positive aspects of an experienced truth, and appeal to intrinsic values by creating the space for emergence and honesty. The workshops took place at a non-profit organisation, a private ii company, a public sector community health centre, and with an independent group of individuals from the same area. The core finding of this research was that by gaining a sense of 'agency' over their own capacity to identify, shape and share their own story, participants appeared able to identify and deconstruct 'fixed narratives' and move towards reconstructing a 'new, shared narrative' that was more inclusive of everyone's lived experience. A series of common factors appeared to play a consistently significant role in creating the conditions for this to take place. Some form of mindfulness, or body-based, practice was effective in encouraging participants to connect to 'experienced truths'. The use of different media to identify and create their stories increased participants' capacity to connect with their sense of control over shaping their own narrative, and the quality of listening within each group affected the quality of the story and the storyteller's own level of engagement. This appeared to lead to what is referred to in this paper as 'narrative agency'. The above factors also appeared to contribute to a common 'journey' or eight-stage experience. This consisted of fully entering the narrative workshop space (grounding), witnessing their authentic personal story (activating), articulating and sharing with a group honestly (connecting), embodying the emergent personal narrative (consolidating), gaining a sense of ownership and control over their own story (agency), integrating their own story with the experiences and stories of others allowing a new shared narrative to emerge (integrating), and demonstrating a desire to co-create a new narrative to inform new authentic actions (co-creating). This research demonstrated that it can be challenging to separate ourselves from the 'fixed stories' we have come to claim as our own and truly create the space and time to connect with our deepest needs, thoughts and desires. Consequently, we often have no real 'agency' over our stories. The study indicated that a deeper understanding of how to create conditions that generate a sense of 'narrative agency' could contribute to emerging practices in the field of social innovation, such as human-centred design and Theory U, and potentially inform new products, processes and systems.

Young people, emerging out of the foster care system, often struggle to become productive and self-sustainable adults in society. They are at high risk of being trapped in poverty and unemployment for their entire adult life because they are unable to make a successful transition out of the foster care system to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to explore how social entrepreneurship can be utilised to establish a developmental transitional service to facilitate the successful transition to adulthood of youth in foster care. The research participants were purposefully selected and comprised social workers and foster youths based in the township and the former homelands of the Free State. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and focus groups and was analysed using content analysis. The study found that the current model of the foster care system is not designed to facilitate and support foster youth to make a successful transition to adulthood. This may be ascribed to the following: ● The legislative requirements imposed on this population group, ● The lack of preparatory transition services and ● The limited capacity of social workers to address the needs and challenges of foster youth. The study concludes that intervention is needed in the foster care system to prepare, equip and support foster youth to become productive and self-sustainable citizens. Through the application of the social entrepreneurship framework, this study demonstrates how existing resources and new actors can be leveraged to provide a developmental transitional service that will serve to promote the resilience of youth in foster care and assist them to break the cycle of poverty.

In order to support Social Innovation, Social Designers advocate for the use of collaborative design methodologies, inclusive design processes, which produce innovative design outcomes and inclusive societies. While there is a large amount of literature on this topic from a European and US perspective, there is little understanding regarding the effect large social disparity between stakeholders has on these types of engagements. The researcher describes this as cross-boundary collaborative design for social innovation, where "boundary" refers to social and collective identity such as, gender, race, class, etc., which is a reality in most South African collaborative design engagements and a gap in the literature. Thus, this thesis explores this gap by asking the research question, what practices, mindsets and interpersonal interactions help to support effective cross-boundary collaborative design for Social Innovation? In order to answer this question, the researcher conducted 32 interviews followed by a single focus group with disparate stakeholders engaged in these types of initiatives. Using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach and applying the lens of Appreciative Inquiry to her interview questions, she recorded narratives that focused on moments of effectiveness within these cross-boundary collaborative design engagements. What emerged from the data was a strong link between the quality of relationships between the disparate stakeholders and the effectiveness of the collaborative design process - what she described as "generative" relationships (connections built on trust, vulnerability, friendship and respect) that blurred the social boundaries between the participants and helped them move across the social divides with ease. This in turn increased the generative nature of the collaborative design process. Furthermore, these generative relationships were often established outside of the design process, in a preliminary phase (pre-project) before a design engagement began because this phase allowed the stakeholders to focus solely on building relationships, instead of generating design solutions. However, the importance of generative relationships does not feature strongly in the current collaborative design literature. Instead, it focuses mainly on developing communication methods as a way to support boundary crossing and views relationship building as a secondary by-product of a good communication method. This thesis, however, concludes that in order to support effective cross-boundary collaborative design engagements, this process should be flipped and attention be given to first building generative relationships that can then help to support the effectiveness of the cross-boundary communication methods and ultimately improve the over all crossboundary collaborative design process.

This study seeks to unpack the formation mechanisms of social innovation (SI) initiatives in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Subsequently, this study employs a qualitative case study to investigate (1) local embedding, (2) trans-local connectivity and (3) university linkages of SI initiatives in Cuernavaca. Previous research indicated that socio-spatial dynamics are critical for the development of SI initiatives. Furthermore, previous research asserted that universities are imperative to SI in the context of Latin America. Nevertheless, previous research contemplating the formation mechanisms of SI was primarily western- centric and displayed an inadequacy to acknowledge SI in the context of Latin America. Based on previous research this study presents a theoretical framework that classifies the results in eight typologies based on (1) local embedding, (2) trans-local connectivity and (3) university linkages. All three dimension are classified as either "high" or "low", which grants insights into influential formation mechanisms. Subsequently, a sample of n=10 SI initiatives was compiled and twelve semi-structured interviews with representatives of the SI initiatives were conducted. The results indicate three typologies of SI initiatives. Five SI initiatives were classified as: HLH – high local embedding, low trans-local connectivity, and high university linkages. Four initiatives were classified as: LHH – low local embedding, high trans-local connectivity, and high university linkages. One initiative was classified as HLL – high local embedding, low trans-local connectivity, low university linkages. The results indicate that SI initiatives either seek to address local challenges or direct their efforts to trans-local challenges. Furthermore, universities evidently play a critical role in the formation of SI initiatives in Cuernavaca and Mexico. This study contributes to SI literature by presenting evidence that universities possess critical roles in the formation of SI. Future research should increasingly embed universities into theoretical approaches when investigating SI formation mechanism in Latin America.

No description available.

Background: Existing literature has declared migrant integration as social stress putting communities under pressure. Dynamics of social innovations and digital technologies can provide solutions to the pressing matter of migrant integration, yet the academic literature is obscure about processes that organisations employ in this matter. Purpose: This study aims to investigate how the process of digital social innovation unfolds in organisations. The main purpose of this study seeks to answer the research question: How do organisations undertake the process of digital social innovations in relation to migrant integration? Method: To answer the research question, a qualitative research approach was chosen. Multiple case study was carried out, and the empirical data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. The content of the company websites and other additional material were used as a complementary source of information. The scope of participants was delimited to Sweden and Germany due to a high level of immigration in these countries. After data collection, the analysis was carried out in an abductive manner. Conclusion: The findings showed that the social innovation process is intertwined with the context where the actor acts as a mediator between the two. Two models were combined to gain both theoretical and practical insights without excluding one another. A suggested digital social innovation process model was then introduced in pursuit of providing a model that could be used in academia to annex scattered literature and to use the model in practice as a foundation for the innovation process.

Mesmo com os avanços tecnológicos e comerciais feitos pelos seres humanos ao longo do tempo, ainda persistem diversos desafios de ordem social e ambiental. O desenvolvimento de inovações sociais torna-se uma alternativa para suplantar parte destes desafios, visto que podem solucionar as necessidades de parte dos indivíduos de uma dada sociedade. O Centre de Recherche sur les Innovations Sociales (CRISES) é um dos centros que realiza pesquisas a respeito das inovações sociais, destacando suas diversas dimensões de análise. Um dos focos de pesquisa deste centro está na Economia Social da província de Quebec, no Canadá. No Brasil, a Economia Solidária vem crescendo significativamente, e o artesanato é um dos setores de destaque no número de empreendimentos coletivos ligados a esta Economia. No Rio Grande do Sul, os empreendimentos econômicos solidários de artesanato são organizados de diferentes formas, sendo alguns deles induzidos por organizações geridas com recursos públicos, enquanto que outros são constituídos pelos próprios artesãos. Por outro lado, o conceito de inovação social geralmente é abordado de maneira superficial na literatura das Ciências Sociais, e ainda existem, no Brasil, poucos estudos a respeito desta modalidade de inovação na área de Administração. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é o de analisar como as dimensões de inovação social, do modelo idealizado pelo CRISES, se refletem nas diferentes formas de organização de empreendimentos econômicos solidários do setor de artesanato gaúcho. A revisão de literatura versou sobre inovações sociais e sobre organizações de Economia Solidária. Foram realizados seis estudos de caso em empreendimentos econômicos solidários do setor de artesanato gaúcho. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estrututuradas e de anotações no diário de campo. Já os dados secundários foram provenientes de documentos, artigos e websites. A análise dos dados foi feita de acordo com a revisão de literatura do presente estudo. Os resultados evidenciaram grande parte dos elementos das dimensões de inovação social descritas no modelo desenvolvido por autores do CRISES. A análise destas dimensões, nos casos pesquisados, apresentou similaridades e diferenças tanto entre elas quanto quando comparadas às do modelo estabelecido pelo CRISES. De forma geral, os empreendimentos pesquisados foram desenvolvidos a partir de contextos problemáticos, passaram por fases de tentativa e de experimento, as quais foram institucionalizadas, e tais empreendimentos se tornaram modelos de desenvolvimento emergente. Estes empreendimentos também contemplaram a necessidade da coletividade e o bem comum. Diversos atores foram identificados na formação destes empreendimentos, sendo que todos contaram com atores titulares da ideia, financiadores, apoiadores e usuários. A mobilização e a participação dos atores também foram representativas, bem como a aprendizagem gerada pelo processo de desenvolvimento das inovações sociais pesquisadas. Este processo envolveu restrições que geraram incerteza e tensão nos artesãos. Ainda, o processo foi feito por meio da integração e da parceria entre os atores, e ocorreu a difusão das soluções desenvolvidas para outros contextos. Desta forma, o presente estudo contribui para a análise do conceito de inovação social em empreendimentos econômicos solidários do Brasil. / Even with the technological and commercial advances made by human kind over time, there still exist too many social and environmental challenges. The development of social innovations becomes a relevant alternative to overcome some of these challenges, as they can fulfill the needs of a number of the involved individuals. The Centre de Recherche sur les Innovations Sociales (CRISES) is one of the centers that carries out some researches on social innovations, highlighting their dimensions of analysis. One of the researching focus of this center is Social Economy in the Quebec province, in Canada. In Brazil, Solidarity Economy has grown significantly, and handicraft is one of the main sectors which involves collective enterprises linked to this kind of economy. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, handicraft solidarity enterprises are organized according to different patterns. Some of them were induced by organizations managed with public funds, while others are made up by artisans. On the other hand, the concept of social innovation is usually addressed just in a superficial manner in the social science literature. There are too few studies regarding this type of innovation in the Brazilian business academic area. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine how the dimensions of social innovation established at the framework developed by the CRISES centre are reflected in the different patterns of organization of solidarity enterprises in the handicraft sector of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The literature review was about social innovations and Solidarity Economy organizations. To achieve the proposed objective, were carried out case studies at six handicraft solidarity enterprises of RS. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes. Secondary data were gathered from documents, articles and websites. The collected data were then analyzed according to the literature review. The results have shown most of the elements of the social innovation dimensions described on the model developed by authors of the CRISES. The analysis made on these dimensions has shown, in the studied cases, similarities and differences, both among themselves and when they were compared to the ones described on the model established by the CRISES. In the main, the enterprises analyzed were developed from problematic contexts, and went through phases of trial and experiment, which were institutionalized, becoming models of emerging development. These enterprises were also concerned with the collective needs and the common good. Several actors were identified in the enterprises formation, and all of them had actors who hold the idea, donors, supporters and users. The involvement and participation of the actors were also most significant, as well as the apprenticeship enabled by the development process of the social innovations researched. This process involved some restrictions which caused uncertainty and tension amidst the artisans. Moreover, the process has occurred by means of integration and partnership of actors, and the attained solutions were diffused to other contexts. Thus, the present study contributes to the analysis of the social innovation concept in Brazilian solidarity enterprises.

Mesmo com os avanços tecnológicos e comerciais feitos pelos seres humanos ao longo do tempo, ainda persistem diversos desafios de ordem social e ambiental. O desenvolvimento de inovações sociais torna-se uma alternativa para suplantar parte destes desafios, visto que podem solucionar as necessidades de parte dos indivíduos de uma dada sociedade. O Centre de Recherche sur les Innovations Sociales (CRISES) é um dos centros que realiza pesquisas a respeito das inovações sociais, destacando suas diversas dimensões de análise. Um dos focos de pesquisa deste centro está na Economia Social da província de Quebec, no Canadá. No Brasil, a Economia Solidária vem crescendo significativamente, e o artesanato é um dos setores de destaque no número de empreendimentos coletivos ligados a esta Economia. No Rio Grande do Sul, os empreendimentos econômicos solidários de artesanato são organizados de diferentes formas, sendo alguns deles induzidos por organizações geridas com recursos públicos, enquanto que outros são constituídos pelos próprios artesãos. Por outro lado, o conceito de inovação social geralmente é abordado de maneira superficial na literatura das Ciências Sociais, e ainda existem, no Brasil, poucos estudos a respeito desta modalidade de inovação na área de Administração. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é o de analisar como as dimensões de inovação social, do modelo idealizado pelo CRISES, se refletem nas diferentes formas de organização de empreendimentos econômicos solidários do setor de artesanato gaúcho. A revisão de literatura versou sobre inovações sociais e sobre organizações de Economia Solidária. Foram realizados seis estudos de caso em empreendimentos econômicos solidários do setor de artesanato gaúcho. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estrututuradas e de anotações no diário de campo. Já os dados secundários foram provenientes de documentos, artigos e websites. A análise dos dados foi feita de acordo com a revisão de literatura do presente estudo. Os resultados evidenciaram grande parte dos elementos das dimensões de inovação social descritas no modelo desenvolvido por autores do CRISES. A análise destas dimensões, nos casos pesquisados, apresentou similaridades e diferenças tanto entre elas quanto quando comparadas às do modelo estabelecido pelo CRISES. De forma geral, os empreendimentos pesquisados foram desenvolvidos a partir de contextos problemáticos, passaram por fases de tentativa e de experimento, as quais foram institucionalizadas, e tais empreendimentos se tornaram modelos de desenvolvimento emergente. Estes empreendimentos também contemplaram a necessidade da coletividade e o bem comum. Diversos atores foram identificados na formação destes empreendimentos, sendo que todos contaram com atores titulares da ideia, financiadores, apoiadores e usuários. A mobilização e a participação dos atores também foram representativas, bem como a aprendizagem gerada pelo processo de desenvolvimento das inovações sociais pesquisadas. Este processo envolveu restrições que geraram incerteza e tensão nos artesãos. Ainda, o processo foi feito por meio da integração e da parceria entre os atores, e ocorreu a difusão das soluções desenvolvidas para outros contextos. Desta forma, o presente estudo contribui para a análise do conceito de inovação social em empreendimentos econômicos solidários do Brasil. / Even with the technological and commercial advances made by human kind over time, there still exist too many social and environmental challenges. The development of social innovations becomes a relevant alternative to overcome some of these challenges, as they can fulfill the needs of a number of the involved individuals. The Centre de Recherche sur les Innovations Sociales (CRISES) is one of the centers that carries out some researches on social innovations, highlighting their dimensions of analysis. One of the researching focus of this center is Social Economy in the Quebec province, in Canada. In Brazil, Solidarity Economy has grown significantly, and handicraft is one of the main sectors which involves collective enterprises linked to this kind of economy. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, handicraft solidarity enterprises are organized according to different patterns. Some of them were induced by organizations managed with public funds, while others are made up by artisans. On the other hand, the concept of social innovation is usually addressed just in a superficial manner in the social science literature. There are too few studies regarding this type of innovation in the Brazilian business academic area. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine how the dimensions of social innovation established at the framework developed by the CRISES centre are reflected in the different patterns of organization of solidarity enterprises in the handicraft sector of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The literature review was about social innovations and Solidarity Economy organizations. To achieve the proposed objective, were carried out case studies at six handicraft solidarity enterprises of RS. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes. Secondary data were gathered from documents, articles and websites. The collected data were then analyzed according to the literature review. The results have shown most of the elements of the social innovation dimensions described on the model developed by authors of the CRISES. The analysis made on these dimensions has shown, in the studied cases, similarities and differences, both among themselves and when they were compared to the ones described on the model established by the CRISES. In the main, the enterprises analyzed were developed from problematic contexts, and went through phases of trial and experiment, which were institutionalized, becoming models of emerging development. These enterprises were also concerned with the collective needs and the common good. Several actors were identified in the enterprises formation, and all of them had actors who hold the idea, donors, supporters and users. The involvement and participation of the actors were also most significant, as well as the apprenticeship enabled by the development process of the social innovations researched. This process involved some restrictions which caused uncertainty and tension amidst the artisans. Moreover, the process has occurred by means of integration and partnership of actors, and the attained solutions were diffused to other contexts. Thus, the present study contributes to the analysis of the social innovation concept in Brazilian solidarity enterprises.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo a anÃlise de dimensÃes da inovaÃÃo social. Adotou-se, como cenÃrio especÃfico, parte da regiÃo semiÃrida localizada no Estado do CearÃ, nordeste do Brasil. Foram investigados os trabalhos desenvolvidos pela AgÃncia de Desenvolvimento EconÃmico Local (Adel), organizaÃÃo voltada à promoÃÃo do desenvolvimento no semiÃrido cearense. Como referÃncia base para a investigaÃÃo, utilizou-se o quadro sÃntese de dimensÃes da inovaÃÃo social elaborado por Tardif e Harrisson (2005), pesquisadores ligados ao Centre de Recherce sur les Innovations Sociales (CRISES), instituiÃÃo canadense referÃncia no campo da inovaÃÃo social. Na literatura sobre o tema sÃo encontradas diversas conceituaÃÃes e classificaÃÃes, devido a isso se pode afirmar que âinovaÃÃo socialâ à um conceito em construÃÃo. Entretanto, as definiÃÃes apresentadas relacionam-se em sua essÃncia quando destacado o objetivo principal desse tipo de inovaÃÃo, que à a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos indivÃduos. Para fins desta pesquisa, utilizou-se a definiÃÃo apontada pelo CRISES (2012), segundo o qual a inovaÃÃo social diz respeito a um processo iniciado por atores com o objetivo de responder a uma aspiraÃÃo social, atender a uma necessidade, oferecer uma soluÃÃo ou beneficiar-se de uma oportunidade para mudar as relaÃÃes sociais, transformando um cenÃrio ou propondo novas orientaÃÃes culturais para a melhoria da qualidade e das condiÃÃes de vida da comunidade. No sentido de atingir o objetivo do trabalho, foram adotadas tÃcnicas qualitativas de pesquisa alicerÃadas na concepÃÃo filosÃfica pÃs-positivista. Quanto à natureza do estudo, caracteriza-se como exploratÃria e descritiva, adota-se como estratÃgia de investigaÃÃo o estudo de caso. Como mÃtodos especÃficos para coleta e anÃlise dos dados foram utilizados: pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com membros da Adel e beneficiados. Os resultados da pesquisa destacaram os trabalhos conduzidos pela Adel e seus principais programas, voltados à agricultura familiar e ao empreendedorismo rural juvenil. Verificaram-se ainda as variÃveis de dimensÃes da inovaÃÃo social presentes e outras emergentes do caso estudado, a partir do quadro sÃntese utilizado como referÃncia. O estudo do caso Adel evidencia a importÃncia e as particularidades da inovaÃÃo social no contexto estudado, revelando a ONG como iniciativa bem sucedida, referÃncia para outras regiÃes nas quais desafios semelhantes sÃo encontrados. / This research aimed to analyze the dimensions of social innovation. It was adopted as a specific scenario, part of the semiarid region located in the state of CearÃ, northeastern Brazil. It was investigated the work of the Local Economic Development Agency (Adel), an initiative that aimed to promote the development in semiarid of CearÃ. As a base reference for this research, it was used the summary table of dimensions of social innovation, developed by Tardif and Harrison (2005) researchers from the Centre de Recherche sur les Innovations Sociales (CRISES), a Canadian institution that is a reference in the field of social innovation. In the literature about this topic, several concepts and classifications can be found. Due to this fact, it is possible to say that this is a concept in construction. However, the definitions here presented are relate in essence when the main subject of this kind of innovation is highlighted, specifically the improving of peopleâs quality of life. For the purposes of this research, it was used the definition by CRISES (2012), that says that social innovation is related to a process initiated by actors in order to respond to social needs, offering a solution or benefiting from an opportunity to change social relations, turning a scenario or proposing new cultural guidelines for improving the quality and conditions of life in the community. In order to achieve the subject of this study, we adopted qualitative research techniques grounded in the positivist philosophical conception. The nature of this study is characterized as exploratory and descriptive research and the strategy adopted was the case study. Specific methods for data and analysis collection were used: documentary research and semi-structured interviews with members of the Adel and people that were benefited by their activities. The results founded highlighted the work conducted by Adel and its major programs, focused on family farming and rural youth entrepreneurship. There were also the variables of dimensions of social innovation and other emerging from this case study, based on the summary table used as a reference. This case study of Adel highlights the importance and characteristics of social innovation in the studied context, revealing that the NGO as successful initiative and reference for other regions where also happen similar challenges.