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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Contrôle de l’état attentionnel en conditions aéronautiques écologiques par imagerie cérébrale / Brain imaging techniques to monitor the attentional state under ecological aeronautical settings

Durantin, Gautier 21 October 2015 (has links)
L’état attentionnel de l’opérateur est un des précurseurs de l’erreur humaine dans les systèmes complexes. Cela est particulièrement vrai en aéronautique, où la sécurité dépend en premier lieu de la capacité à réagir rapidement et correctement. Les niveaux de complexité associés à la gestion de tels systèmes aboutissent à des niveaux de charge mentale et d’engagement de l’opérateur en constante variation, qui peuvent être prédicteurs de sa performance. Ce projet de recherche adopte une démarche de Neuroergonomie, et vise à estimer l’état attentionnel en conditions écologiques par l’utilisation de mesures cérébrales. Nous avons tout d’abord étudié le comportement de l’opérateur soumis à des niveaux de demande extrêmes à l’aide de mesures cérébrales et psycho-physiologiques. Les résultats de ces études nous ont conduits au développement d’un nouveau cadre théorique centré sur l’engagement de l’opérateur pour estimer son état attentionnel. De plus, nous avons étudié différentes techniques de traitement du signal de manière à rendre possible l’utilisation des mesures cérébrales en temps réel en situation écologique, en vue du développement d’interfaces cerveau-machine pour assister l’opérateur. / The attentional state of operators is one of the main reasons for errors during human control of complex systems, and controlling these errors is critical especially in aeronautics, where errors are directly linked to safety and lives might be at stake. In particular, excessively high or low task demands encountered during the operation of such systems result in varying levels of mental workload and engagement which are linked with the operator performance. This research project adopts a Neuroergonomics approach and investigates the use of brain measurement techniques to monitor the attentional state of the operator under ecological conditions. We studied the behavior of the operator under both excessively low and high task demands with the use of multiple physiological and neurophysiological measurement techniques. Our results show that it is possible to use such techniques to characterize the attentional state. We then analyze the potential of real time application for such techniques. We investigated signal processing and analysis tools to improve the real-time usability of brain signals in ecological conditions, and proposed solutions towards the development of brain computer interfaces for assisting the human operator.
2

[pt] CONTROLE MODAL EM SISTEMAS MULTIVARIÁVEIS APLICADO A SISTEMAS ELÉTRICOS DE POTÊNCIA / [en] MODAL CONTROL IN A MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEM APPLIED TO A POWER SYSTEM

MARCIO VICENTE RIZZO 23 January 2007 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento da teoria de controle modal em sistema multivariável a partir do conhecimento da matriz de transferência, H(S), que o caracteriza. Usa-se a técnica de representação no espaço de estado onde a descrição do sistema é feita por uma forma canônica controlável, cujos elementos são obtidos diretamente de H (S). A partir do modelo de estado que representa o sistema e admitindo-se que o vetor de estado é obtido por estimação, obtém-se o sistema munido de um controlador de modo que, pela forma canônica escolhida, o espectro do sistema pode ser imposto. Em seguida aplica-se essa teoria a um sistema elétrico de potência constituído por duas áreas interligadas com intuito de impor a forma da reposta transitória devida a perturbações na demanda de potência ativa. O comportamento do sistema é simulado em computador digital com auxílio do programa CONTINUOUS SYSTEM MODELING PROGRAM - S/360-TRM, sendo os resultados apresentados em forma de gráficos. O problema de controle potência ativa - freqüência foi também abordado por Fosha e Elgerd [5], como um problema de otimização com função de custo quadrático, mas sua aplicação prática esbarra na escolha das matrizes que ponderam o estado de controle na função de custo e que fornecem o melhor transitório para o sistema. / [en] This thesis presents the developing of the modal control theory in a multivariable system starting on the knowledge of the transfer matrix, H(S), that characterize it. We use the state space representation technique where the description, of the system is made by a controlable canonic form, whose elements are got directly from H(S). Starting from the state model which represents the system and admitting that the state vector is obtained by estimation, we can get the system provided with a controller in a wav that, by the canonic form chosen, the system spectrum can be imposed. Afterwards, this theory could be applied to a power system made by two interconnected areas with a finality of imposing the form of the transient auswer due to perturbations at the demand of active power. The system behavior is simulated in digital computer helped by the CONTINUOUS SYSTEM MODELING PROGRAM - S/360- IBM, the results being presented in form of drawings. The problem of the active power - frequency control was seen by FOSHA and ELGERD [5] too as a problem of otimization with a quadratic cost function but their pratical application run into the choice of the matrices which ponder the state and the control at the cost function and supply the better transient for the system.
3

[en] A SPECTRAL SEQUENTIAL APPROACH TO STUDY NON-STATIONARY TIME SERIE / [pt] UMA ABORDAGEM SEQÜENCIAL ESPECTRAL NO ESTUDO DE SÉRIES TEMPORAIS NÃO ESTACIONÁRIAS

MAYSA SACRAMENTO DE MAGALHAES 07 August 2006 (has links)
[pt] Diferentes procedimentos têm sido propostos para a modelagem e previsão de séries temporais sendo que nos anos recentes muitos dos métodos mais importantes têm sido formulados na representação espaço de estado. A principal vantagem de tal abordagem é que se pode usar o Filtro de Kalman diretamente para, seqüencialmente, atualizar o vetor de estado. Apresentamos de forma sistemática a abordagem para a previsão de Séries Temporais não- Estacionárias formulada na representação de espaço de estado desenvolvida por P.Young. A novidade desta abordagem não está na natureza dos algoritmos recursivos, e sim na maneira como os hiperparâmetros são obtidos. Modelling and forecasting of Time Series have been approached in many different ways. Lately, the most important approaches have been formulated in a state space framework. The state space representation enables the state vector to be sequentially updated in time via the Kalman filter. In this dissertation, we present in a systematic way an approach to modelling and forecasting of non-stationary time series, formulated in state space terms, and due to P. Young. The novelty of this methodology is neither the nature fo the time series models nor the recursive algorithms, but on how the hyperparameters are estimated / [en] Modelling and forecasting of times Series have been approached in many different ways. Lately, the most important approaches have been formulated in a space framework. The state space representation enables the state vector to be sequencially updated in time via the Kalman filter. In this dissertation, we present in a systematic way an approach to modelling and forecasting of non-stationary time series, formulated in state space terms, and due to P. Young. The novelty of this methodology is neither the nature of the time series models nor the recursive algorithms, but on how the hyperparameteres are estimated
4

Noções de grafos dirigidos, cadeias de Markov e as buscas do Google

Oliveira, José Carlos Francisco de 30 August 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper has as its main purpose to highlight some mathematical concepts, which are behind the ranking given by a research made on the website mostly used in the world: Google. At the beginning, we briefly approached some High School’s concepts, such as: Matrices, Linear Systems and Probability. After that, we presented some basic notions related to Directed Graphs and Markov Chains of Discrete Time. From this last one, we gave more emphasis to the Steady State Vector because it ensures foreknowledge results from long-term. These concepts are extremely important to our paper, because they will be used to explain the involvement of Mathematic behind the web search “Google”. Then, we tried to detail the ranking operation of the search pages on Google, i.e., how the results of a research are classified, determining which results are presented in a sequential way in order of relevance. Finally we obtained “PageRank”, an algorithm which creates what we call Google’s Matrices and ranks the pages of a search. We finished making a brief comment about the historical arising of the web searches, from their founders to the rise and hegemony of Google. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo destacar alguns conceitos matemáticos que estão por trás do ranqueamento dado por uma pesquisa feita no site de busca mais usados do mundo, o “Google”. Inicialmente abordamos de forma breve alguns conteúdos da matemática do ensino médio, a exemplo de: matrizes, sistemas lineares, probabilidades. Em seguida são introduzidas noções básicas de grafos dirigidos e cadeias de Markov de tempo discreto; essa última, é dada uma ênfase ao vetor estado estacionário, por ele garantir resultados de previsão de longo prazo. Esses conceitos são de grande importância em nosso trabalho, pois serão usados para explicar o envolvimento da matemática por trás do site de buscas “Google”. Na sequência, buscamos detalhar o funcionamento do ranqueamento das páginas de uma busca no “Google”, isto é, como são classificados os resultados de uma pesquisa, determinando quais resultados serão apresentados de modo sequencial em ordem de relevância. Finalmente, chegamos na obtenção do “PageRank”, algoritmo que gera a chamada Matriz do Google e ranqueia as páginas de uma busca. Encerramos com um breve histórico do surgimento dos sites de buscas, desde os seus fundadores até a ascensão e hegemonia do Google.

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