SANTRAUKA ŽMONIŲ SERGANČIŲ PSICHIKOS LIGOMIS STIGMATIZAVIMAS IR ETINIAI ASPEKTAI DARBO SANTYKIŲ KONTEKSTE Tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti darbdavio požiūrį į psichikos ligomis sergančius žmones ir stigmą kaip lydintį bruožą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1.Išsiaiškinti ir apžvelgti stigmos samratą mokslinėje literatūroje. 2. Apžvelgti psichikos ligomis sergančių žmonių teisę į darbą, reglamentuojančius dokumentus. 3. Atskleisti darbdavių požiūrį į psichikos ligomis sergančius žmones. Tyrimo metodika ir apimtis: Siekiant atskleisti darbdavio požiūrį į psichikos ligomis sergančius žmones ir stigmą kaip lydintį bruožą, buvo savarankiškai išanalizuota prieinama literatūra lietuvių bei anglų kalbomis, kad išsiaiškinti stigmos sampratą ir atliktas kokybinis tyrimas, kuriuo siekta išsiaiškinti darbdavių požiūrį į psichikos ligomis sergančius žmones. Šiame darbe buvo pasirinktas kokybinis tyrimo metodas, atliekant turinio (ang. content) analizę, grupinio interviu: fokusuotos grupės metodika. Buvo sudarytos dvi grupės pagal vienalytiškumo principą: 1) darbdaviai, juos suskirstant į tris kategorijas: valstybinis sektorius, privatus sektorius; nevyriausybinių (ne pelno siekiančių) organizacijų sektorius. 2) Psichikos ligomis sergantys žmonės. Visų dviejų fokusuotų grupių buvo klausiama to paties pagal išanksto paruoštą klausimyną (A priedas). Fokusuotos grupės vyko natūralioje aplinkoje. Jų metu buvo daromi garso įrašai. Įrašas buvo naudojamas surinktai informacijai analizuoti. Duomenims apdoroti buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY THE STIGMATIZATION OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND ETHICAL ASPECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS The aim of the investigation is to disclose the attitude of employer’s to people with mental illness and stigma as follow trait. The task of the investigation: 1. To ascertain and to review the conception of stigma in scientific literature. 2. To review the rights of people with mental illness in documents of work reglamentation. 3. To disclose the attitude of employer’s to people with mental illness. The methods and volume of the investigation: In order to evaluate the attitude of employer’s to people with mental illness and stigma as follow trait was independently analysed accessible literature in lithuania and english languages for purpose to ascertain the conception of stigma and was performed qualitative methods in purpose to ascertain the attitude of employer’s to people with mental illness. In this work was choosed qualitative method, performing content analyse, interview of group: method of focus group. Were did two groups according to indiscrete principle: 1) employer’s, which were separate up to three categories: national sector, private sector, not national (not profit intent) organization sector. 2) People with mental illness. For all two focus group were asked the same questions according to the plan of ahead prepared questions list (A addition). Focus group were done in natural environment. For this investigation were did sound inscriptions. Sound inscription... [to full text]

Background: Stigma can not only affect the stigmatized individual, but also those closely associated with that individual, such as parents. Parents are often in the role of primary caregivers for individuals with intellectual disabilities. However, few studies have looked at the experiences of stigma in parents of adults with intellectual disabilities. Objectives: Three objectives of the current study were to test the internal consistencies of three scales aimed to measure experiences of parents of adults with intellectual disabilities (two stigma scales and one scale looking at positive personal, perspective on life, and relational changes in parents), test the inter-correlation between the scales and describe the parents’ experiences. Methods: A self-administered survey containing the three scales was mailed to parents of adults with intellectual disabilities by agency staff on the investigators’ behalf. The participants were identified through a database of anonymized information about individuals with intellectual disabilities within the six counties of South Eastern Ontario. A total of 97 participants (parents) were eligible for the study. Results: The scale measuring positive changes experienced by parents had significant item non-response. However, all three scales achieved good to excellent internal consistencies when tested in the current sample. The two stigma scales were moderately correlated with one another in a positive direction, while the scale measuring positive changes in parents did not significantly correlate with either of the stigma scales. Mothers and younger parents (less than 65 years) were more likely to report that stigma affected their ability to interact with relatives than fathers and older parents. Parents of adults with dual diagnosis (having both an intellectual disability and mental health problems) were more likely to report that stigma affected their family’s quality of life than parents of adults with an intellectual disability only. Conclusion: Both of the stigma scales are recommended with caution, with recommendations ranging from rewording of items, change in item order within the survey, more conservative item response categories, reconsideration of dichotomizing responses and a mode of survey administration which lowers the potential for non-response. Certain groups of parents of adults with intellectual disabilities experience stigma differently than others. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2010-05-19 18:06:55.622

No description available.

Purpose: To understand through explorations of the experiences of HIV positive individuals whether these individuals experience stigma in relation to HIV/AIDS and how it has impacted their lives and that of their families. Design: Qualitative study used ethnographic techniques (interviews, questionnaires, informal conversations, observation, field notes) to collect data over a four-month period. Setting: Data was collected from nine districts in the northern, central, and southern regions of the state of Kerala, India. Participants: Shared their perspectives on HIV related stigma (n=49 total). Of the 38 participants interviewed, 12 were HIV positives, 19 were HIV positives who also worked or volunteered with HIV positive networks (known as positive speakers), 2 were caregivers of HIV positives, and 5 were key informants involved with community organizations providing services to HIV positives. Informal conversations with 11 unaffected were also utilized. Findings were organized into four themes. (1) Anti-stigma/prevention strategies such as positive living and positive speaking offered positive speakers unique challenges and opportunities as they were called upon to be the face and voice of HIV (2) Contrary to expectations that formal education which also included awareness about HIV could increase one’s knowledge and subsequently dispel ignorance and stigma, the findings pointed out how knowledge itself is a resource that allowed stigma to unfold along existing social hierarchies. (3) Unconscious prejudices about physical appearances influenced perceptions of HIV risk, and a stigmatized identity waxed and waned with a change in physical appearance as the HIV positive oscillated between illness and health. (4) “Immoral behaviour” as the cause of HIV infection entered into family/caregiver decisions regarding the use of family resources for the treatment and care of the HIV positive member. Gender and social class also impinged on family decisions in numerous ways. Conclusions: This research project has highlighted the need to develop a more nuanced understanding of HIV related stigma that extends beyond the current conceptualization of stigma as “ignorance” or lack of awareness about modes of HIV transmission. Refining current understandings of HIV related stigma could guide research, policy, and practice.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva vilka uppfattningar sjuksköterskor har kring stigmatisering av patienter med psykisk ohälsa, hur de bemöter patienter ur denna patientgrupp, samt hur sjuksköterskor kan arbeta för att motverka stigmatisering. Metod: Undersökande design med kvalitativ innehållsanalys av fokusgruppsintervjuer. Nio deltagare intervjuades fördelade på två fokusgrupper. Resultat: Resultaten visade att negativa attityder mot psykisk ohälsa förekom inom vården och att detta bidrar till stigmatisering. Patienter med psykisk ohälsa bidrar till stigmatiseringen själva genom att leva upp till den bild stigmat kräver. Kunskap, hur man bemöter patienter med psykisk ohälsa, samt nya strategier för att integrera psykiatrisk och somatisk vård var åtgärder som respondenterna såg som viktiga för att motverka stigmatisering. Slutsats: Negativa attityder finns inom vården vilket skapar lidande för patienten med psykisk ohälsa och bryter mot de riktlinjer och den vårdvetenskapliga grund som sjuksköterskan ska arbeta utifrån. Bemötande och kunskap om psykiatrisk omvårdnad är viktiga steg för att förstå hur sjuksköterskor kan motverka stigmatisering. Problematiken kring detta ämne behöver uppmärksammas och vidare forskning behövs som hjälp att belysa och motverka stigmatiseringen.

Nondisabled people frequently feel uncomfortable with or avoid physically disabled people. One purpose of the study was to assess people's responses to a confederate who used a hearing aid. A second purpose was to assess responses to the confederate when he wore a more a more effective and much more conspicuous hearing device. The third purpose was to see if volunteering an explanation of the hearing device would result in a less negative response than that found without an explanation. The participants were 80 male undergraduates. They interacted with the confederate, a male undergraduate whose hearing was normal, in an interview situation. There were no differences among the hearing impaired conditions, or between the hearing impaired conditions and a nondisabled control condition, on any of these variables: distance from the confederate, delay before initiating conversation when left alone with the confederate, length of the interview, and impression ratings of the confederate. These results suggest that people do not avoid or feel uncomfortable with a person who uses a hearing aid or a larger hearing device. Because participants did not respond negatively to the large hearing device when no explanation was offered, the possible benefits of voluntarily explaining the device could not be assessed.

Forskningen om barns syn på psykisk ohälsa är knapp och bristen på skalor gör det svårt att generalisera resultat. Därför genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med syfte att undersöka hur 11-åringar upplever psykiskt sjuka, om de har fördomar gentemot människor med psykisk ohälsa och i sådana fall varför. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på svenska 11-åringar från två olika skolor. Deltagarna visade sig ha liten kunskap om psykisk ohälsa. Deltagarna hade vissa stereotyper och fördomar gentemot psykiskt sjuka även om de också visade empati särskilt då de kände någon med psykisk sjukdom. Det talades väldigt lite om psykiska sjukdomar i både skolan och hemmet, även i de fall då familjemedlemmar hade psykiska sjukdomar. Slutsatsen dras att fördomar gentemot människor med psykisk ohälsa finns även hos barn och försök till att förhindra detta bör rikta in sig på att sprida kunskap, öppet kommunicera om psykiska sjukdomar i skolan och vården bör uppmuntra till kommunikation i hemmet då barn diagnostiseras med psykiska sjukdomar.

Kalbant apie psichikos sveikatą ir žmogaus, turinčio psichikos sutrikimą, funkcionavimą socialinėje terpėje, vienas iš svarbiausių veiksnių, įtakojančių šiuos procesus yra asmens paties savęs kaip kitokio suvokimas. O kitoniškumas tiek turint, psichikos sutrikimą, pavyzdžiui, priklausomybę nuo alkoholio, tiek susiduriant su kitais socialiniais konstruktais ir jų neatitinkančiais standartais, gali būti suvoktas ir kaip kliuvinys, ir kaip individualumas, kuris nebūtinai turi trukdyti kokybiškai funkcionuoti socialinėje aplinkoje. Kadangi vidinės stigmos tema yra naujas požiūris į stigmos reiškinį apskritai – tiek teorinėje, tiek empirinėje mokslinėse plotmėse, šis darbas yra skirtas tirti vidinės stigmos ypatumus, naudojantis kokybinio tyrimo privalumais, teikiančiais galimybę ne patvirtinti teoriją, bet atskleisti naujus, gal kiek netikėtus tiriamos problemos aspektus. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad priklausomybė nuo alkoholio yra psichikos bei fizinės sveikatos sutrikimas, neraminantis viso pasaulio bendruomenę, šio darbo tikslas yra ištirti vidinės stigmos ypatumus priklausomybės nuo alkoholio kontekste. Taigi tam, kad pasinaudoti jau sukaupta patirtimi ir žiniomis apie tiriamą problemą – teorinėje dalyje apžvelgiama priklausomybės nuo alkoholio, stigmos, vidinės stigmos reiškiniai bei jų sąsajos. Na, o praktinėje dalyje atliktas kokybinis tyrimas leido atskleisti autentiškas respondentų, priklausomų nuo alkoholio ir ilgą laiką blaiviai gyvenančių bei dirbančių socialinį darbą su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Talking about mental health and person, who has a psychical disorder, functioning in a social environment one of the foremost influence on these processes is person’s self awareness that he is different from others. And this awareness of having a psychical disorder, for example, alcohol addiction, so as encountering with other social constructs and standards that contravene them, can also be understood as barrier and as individuality, that does not necessarily has to interfere in a person’s qualitative functioning in social area. Forasmuch the subject of intrinsic stigma is a new attitude to the expression of stigma both in theoretical and empirical academic fields, this study is meant for the research on features of intrinsic stigma. This have been done using the virtues of qualitative analysis that gives opportunity not to confirm the theory, but to reveal new and maybe even unexpected aspects of the problem. With respect to that addiction to alcohol is a mental and physical health disorder that is disturbing the whole world’s community, the aim of this study is to investigate the features of intrinsic stigma in the context of alcohol addiction. Therefore to embrace the accumulative experience and knowledge about the investigating problem, in the theoretical part of this study the occurrence of alcohol addiction, stigma and intrinsic stigma and the connections between these factors are taken into research. While the qualitative analysis in the practical part accomplished to... [to full text]

Mitt syfte var att ta reda på hur gymnasieelever med specialundervisning upplever sinskolsituation, vilka för och nackdelar den för med sig, om de blir behandlade annorlundaav omgivningen på grund av deras skolform och om så är fallet hur de hanterar det. Jaganvände mig av kvalitativa intervjuer för att få min empiri. Intervjuerna visade attfördelarna med specialundervisning är extrahjälpen, någon som lyssnar och bryr sig,individualiteten och en lugn miljö att studera i. Nackdelarna med specialundervisningsom gick att utläsa från intervjuerna är en känsla av att inte vara som de andra eleverna,att bli behandlad i den “vanliga” klassen utifrån att man inte kan och bör därför inteförsöka, avundsjuka kring att de med specialundervisning får bra hjälp. Speciallärarnasbesök hos deras elever när de är i den “vanliga” klassen verkar upplevas som positiv avklassen då de alla får extrahjälp. Hur eleverna hanterar nackdelarna är att inte vilja gå tillden “vanliga” klassen och att undvika den andra skolbyggnaden, en önskan attspecialundervisning vore tillgängligt för mer elever. Det går inte att bortse från atteleverna är bortförda från “vanliga” klassen till specialundervisning när de är i behov avdet. Men eleverna verkar inte ha större invändningar till att komma bort från den“vanliga” klassen då fördelarna verkar vara fler än nackdelarna. Men frågan är hur svårtdet kan vara att ta in specialundervisningens förhållningssätt i den “vanliga” klassen såatt det blir en inkluderande undervisning, så att saknaden av det sociala som är viktigtför identiteten och utbildningshandikapp som leder till stigma kan undvikas.

Purpose: To understand through explorations of the experiences of HIV positive individuals whether these individuals experience stigma in relation to HIV/AIDS and how it has impacted their lives and that of their families. Design: Qualitative study used ethnographic techniques (interviews, questionnaires, informal conversations, observation, field notes) to collect data over a four-month period. Setting: Data was collected from nine districts in the northern, central, and southern regions of the state of Kerala, India. Participants: Shared their perspectives on HIV related stigma (n=49 total). Of the 38 participants interviewed, 12 were HIV positives, 19 were HIV positives who also worked or volunteered with HIV positive networks (known as positive speakers), 2 were caregivers of HIV positives, and 5 were key informants involved with community organizations providing services to HIV positives. Informal conversations with 11 unaffected were also utilized. Findings were organized into four themes. (1) Anti-stigma/prevention strategies such as positive living and positive speaking offered positive speakers unique challenges and opportunities as they were called upon to be the face and voice of HIV (2) Contrary to expectations that formal education which also included awareness about HIV could increase one’s knowledge and subsequently dispel ignorance and stigma, the findings pointed out how knowledge itself is a resource that allowed stigma to unfold along existing social hierarchies. (3) Unconscious prejudices about physical appearances influenced perceptions of HIV risk, and a stigmatized identity waxed and waned with a change in physical appearance as the HIV positive oscillated between illness and health. (4) “Immoral behaviour” as the cause of HIV infection entered into family/caregiver decisions regarding the use of family resources for the treatment and care of the HIV positive member. Gender and social class also impinged on family decisions in numerous ways. Conclusions: This research project has highlighted the need to develop a more nuanced understanding of HIV related stigma that extends beyond the current conceptualization of stigma as “ignorance” or lack of awareness about modes of HIV transmission. Refining current understandings of HIV related stigma could guide research, policy, and practice.