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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
261

Geological and geophysical characterization of accretionary and collisional systems : the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and the Bohemian Massif

Guy, Alexandra 14 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Large-scale accretionary and collisional crustal orogenic architecture is studied combining structural geology, lithostratigraphy, geochronology and magmatic petrology with gravity, magnetic and seismic data. This multidisciplinary approach allows characterizing the structure and composition of the orogenic crust in two accretionary-collisional systems. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) constituting one third of the Asia continent and the Bohemian Massif are two Palaeozoic orogens formed by accretion followed by collision. It is proposed that the CAOB formed by successive Paleozoic accretion of oceanic and continental fragments followed by a late Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic N-S convergence of North Chinese and Siberian Cratons. The comparison between the potential fields and the geological data reveals an incorrect compartmentalization into different lithostratigraphic terranes. In contrast to geology the geophysical approach allows the analysis of the crustal structures on a complete thickness of crustal column. This thesis presents a compilation of geological data combined with unique gravity and magnetic results which are integrated into a preliminary model for the architecture of the continental crust. Conversely, an important collection of complementary data is available for the Bohemian Massif, allow more precise 3D geophysical forward modeling. In this area, geophysical data reveal the occurrence of an allochtonous lower crustal layer with a felsic composition. This indicates that the Variscan orogenic crust actually resulted from the accretion of contrasted crustal fragments.
262

Neotectonics And Seismicity Of The Ankara Region: A Case Study In The Urus Area

Kaplan, Tulin 01 July 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Study area, the UruS province, is located 70 km WNW of city of Ankara. Major settlements in the study area are two counties, UruS and G&uuml / d&uuml / l / and there are a number of villages, such as, from W to E, Macun, Yogunpelit, Kabaca, &Uuml / regil, &Ouml / zk&ouml / y, Tahtaci&ouml / rencik, Kirkkavak, Kavak&ouml / z&uuml / , Kayi and Karaca&ouml / ren. The study area is 189 km2 in size and included in 1/25000-scaled topographic quadrangles of H28a3, a4, d1 and d2. The G&uuml / d&uuml / l- UruS section of the &Ccedil / eltik&ccedil / i morphotectonic depression (&Ccedil / eltik&ccedil / i Basin) drained by the Antecedent Kirmir River and its second-order drainage system was first mapped in detail in the present study, and faults determining northern margin of the &Ccedil / eltik&ccedil / i depression were named as the UruS fault set comprising the SW part of the &Ccedil / eltik&ccedil / i Fault Zone / and the mechanism of the master fault of the UruS fault set was determined as left lateral oblique-slip fault with reverse component by the morphologic markers such as the deformed drainage system and pressure ridges. This was also supported by the fault plane solutions of the 2000.08.22 UruS earthquake. Three fault plane solutions, of which two of them for the 2000.08.22 UruS earthquake, and one of them for the 2003.02.27 &Ccedil / amlidere earthquake, were done to determine nature of the source. Ground material underlying the city of Ankara were divided into three categories: (a) well-lithified basement rocks, (b) Pliocene fluvio-lacustrine v sedimentary sequence, and (c) unconsolidated terrace and alluvial sediments of Quaternary age. Quaternary unconsolidated sediments are densely populated in Ankara. These sediments are fine-grained and have a maximum thickness of 200 m or more. Inside these sediments, static ground water level is very close (as on average: 6 m) to ground surface. These conditions are quite suitable for liquefaction of these unconsolidated alluvial sediments. In addition, basement rocks are full of zone of weakness. Even if, the city of Ankara is characterized by the shallow focus and small earthquakes (M&amp / #8804 / 5), it is open to the risk of large earthquakes to be sourced from the North Anatolian Fault System and the Seyfe Fault Zone located 110 km and 80 km, respectively, owing the ground material conditions beneath the city of Ankara. This point has to be taken out in constructions and site selection solution.
263

Remote Sensing Study Of Surgu Fault Zone

Koc, Ayten 01 September 2005 (has links) (PDF)
The geometry, deformation mechanism and kinematics of the S&uuml / rg&uuml / Fault Zone is investigated by using remotely sensed data including Landsat TM and ASTER imagery combined with SRTM, and stereo-aerial photographs. They are used to extract information related to regional lineaments and tectono-morphological characteristics of the SFZ. Various image processing and enhancement techniques including contrast enhancement, PCA, DS and color composites are applied on the imagery and three different approaches including manual, semi automatic and automatic lineament extraction methods are followed. Then the lineaments obtained from ASTER and Landsat imagery using manual and automatic methods are overlaid to produce a final lineaments map. The results have indicated that, the total number and length of the lineaments obtained from automatic is more than other methods while the percentages of overlapping lineaments for the manual method is more than the automatic method which indicate that the lineaments from automatic method does not discriminate man made features which result more lineaments and less overlapping ratio with respect to final map. It is revealed from the detail analysis that, the SFZ displays characteristic deformation patterns of strike-slip faults, such as pressure ridges, linear fault controlled valleys, deflected stream courses, rotated blocks and juxtaposition of stratigraphical horizons in macroscopic scale. In addition to these, kinematic analyses carried out using fault slip data indicated that the S&uuml / rg&uuml / Fault Zone is dextral strike-slip fault zone with a reverse component of slip and cumulative displacement along the fault is more than 2 km.
264

Tectonic evolution of the west-central portion of the Newton window, North Carolina Inner Piedmont timing and implications for the emplacement of the Paleozoic Vale charnockite, Walker Top Granite, and mafic complexes /

Byars, Heather E. January 2010 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2010. / Title from title page screen (viewed on July 20, 2010). Thesis advisor: Robert D. Hatcher, Jr. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
265

Tectônica e sedimentação na Bacia do Camaquã Central (RS): exemplos do Grupo Guaritas e do Grupo Santa Bárbara / Tectonics and sedimentation in Central Camaquã Basin: the Guaritas Group and the Santa Bárbara Group

Mauricio Guerreiro Martinho dos Santos 19 May 2010 (has links)
As relações entre tectônica e sedimentação são fatores primordiais na compreensão geológica de sucessões sedimentares. Por sua vez, o estudo de depósitos fluviais pré-silurianos representa um desafio a esta área do conhecimento em consequência da ausência de interação entre rios e plantas terrestres que ocorre nos depósitos fluviais recentes. A Bacia do Camaquã (Ediacarano a Eocambriano) apresenta extensas exposições que possibilitam neste presente trabalho a discussão da sedimentação sob o ponto de vista de um modelo tectônico definido. Através da análise de fácies sedimentares e arquitetura deposicional, a caracterização da unidade estratigráfica basal do Grupo Guaritas (Eocambriano), a Formação Guarda Velha, um espesso pacote sedimentar de depósitos fluviais, levou à reconstituição das características do ambiente de sedimentação, considerando-se a influência da tectônica sin-deposicional e de fatores climáticos. É interpretado um estilo fluvial entrelaçado com grande variação de vazão, alta taxa de aporte sedimentar e grandes dimensões. Diversas estruturas de deformação sinsedimentares de reologia dúctil originadas por sismos são investigadas como indicadores da atividade tectônica sin-sedimentar e correlacionadas às informações de fácies sedimentares e elementos arquiteturais para caracterização do ambiente deposicional, revelando uma bacia com intensa atividade sísmica penecontemporânea. A caracterização dessas estruturas leva ao questionamento sobre o caráter efêmero do sistema fluvial proposto em trabalhos anteriores para a Formação Guarda Velha. Um importante evento reconhecido através da análise de estruturas rúpteis e responsável pela discordância angular entre os Grupos Santa Bárbara e Guaritas, é caracterizado por falhas transcorrentes e oblíquas geradas por compressão NE-SW. As evidências da intensa atividade sísmica sin-deposicional são correlacionadas ao evento regional distensivo com 3 NW-SE e posterior à compressão NE-SW, atribuído ao evento de subisidência responsável pela deposição do Grupo Guaritas. A Bacia do Camaquã apresentou também intensa atividade tectônica após a deposição do Supergrupo Camaquã, notadamente com eventos transcorrentes deformacionais, distintos dos eventos distensionais formadores da bacia. Notadamente foi reconhecido um evento de deformação transcorrente principal na região com direção principal de esforços WNW, estruturas de direção E-W com cinemática destral e estruturas de direção NNE apresentando cinemática sinistral. Este evento foi seguido então por uma distensão NW, que por sua vez precedeu um evento compressivo com direção principal de esforços NNE a N-S, responsável por estruturas com cinemática contrária à do evento transcorrente principal. Finalmente, foi reconhecido um evento de deformação com falhas predominantemente normais geradas por distensão NE, interpretado como de idade cretácea. Desta forma, as evidências coletadas no presente estudo da Formação Guarda Velha revelam intensa atividade sísmica sin-deposicional relacionada ao evento regional distensivo com 3 NW-SE e concomitante a deposição em planícies aluviais com predomínio de carga de fundo e grande variação de vazão, durante a subsidência inicial do rift continental eocambriano do Rio Grande do Sul. / The relationship between tectonics and sedimentation plays a primordial role in the understanding of sedimentary successions. On the other hand, the study of pre-Silurian fluvial deposits represents a challenge due to the lack of interaction between land plants and river systems which characterizes post-Silurian environments. The Camaquã Basin (Ediacaran to Eocambrian) presents extensive exposures allowing investigations of sedimentary environments under a well defined tectonic model. Through the analysis of sedimentary facies and depositional architecture, the geological characterization of the basal stratigraphic unit of the Guaritas Group (Eocambrian), the Guarda Velha Formation, a thick sedimentary strata composed of fluvial deposits, provided the recognition of the sedimentation environment, considering the influence of sin-depositional tectonics and climatic factors. A braided fluvial style with great discharge variation, high sedimentary load and large dimensions was identified. Many seismically triggered ductile sin-sedimentary deformation structures found in the area bring information about the tectonic activity during sedimentation and were correlated using sedimentary facies and architectural elements analysis in order to describe the depositional environment, revealing a basin system dominated by an intense contemporaneous seismic activity. The characterization of these structures lead to a questioning about the until now accepted model of ephemerous channels for this fluvial system. An important event recognized by means of brittle structures analysis was identified as the origin of the angular unconformity between the Santa Bárbara Group and the Guaritas Group which is characterized by strike-slip and oblique faults generated by a NE-SW compression. The intense sin-depositional seismic activity evidences are correlated to an extensional event with 3 direction NW-SE, which post-dates the compression and was responsible for the subsidence of the Guaritas Group. The Camaquã Basin also records an intense tectonic activity that occurred after the deposition of the Camaquã Supergroup, markedly deformational strike-slip events. The most important event recognized on the studied region had a mean WNW stress direction, with E-W structures showing right-slip kinematics and NNE structures presenting left-slip kinematics. Following this event a NW extension followed by a NNE to N-S compression were recognized, the late showing structures with reverse kinematics to the mean strike-slip event. At last, a NE extension event originated normal faults dated of Cretaceous age. Conclusively, the Guarda Velha Formation here collected data reveals an intense seismic activity related to an extension event showing 3 NW-SE concomitantly to a bed load-dominated aluvial plain deposition and great discharge variability, during the initial subsidence of the Guaritas rift (Eocambrian) in southern Brazil.
266

Condicionamento estrutural das zonas de cisalhamento da regi?o de Forquilha, dom?nio Cear? Central: uma abordagem integrada de sensoriamento remoto e geologia estrutural

Cunha, F?bio Souza e Silva da 06 June 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioSSC_capa_ate_secao4.pdf: 2789704 bytes, checksum: 672a97f59de08b590b598f925828b920 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The studied region, named Forquilha and localized in northwestern Central Cear? domain (northern portion of Borborema Province), presents a lithostratigraphic framework constituted by paleoproterozoic metaplutonics, metasedimentary sequences and neoproterozoic granitoids. The metasedimentary rocks of Cear? group occupy most part of the area. This group is subdivided in two distinct units: Canind? and Independ?ncia. Canind? unit is represented basically by biotite paragneisses and muscovite paragneisses, with minor metabasic rocks (amphibolite lens). Independ?ncia sequence is composed by garnetiferous paragneisses, sillimanite-garnet-quartz-muscovite schists and quartz-muscovite schists, pure or muscovite quartzites and rare marbles. At least three ductile deformation events were recognized in both units of Cear? group, named D1, D2 and D3. The former one is interpreted as related to a low angle tangential tectonics which mass transport is southward. D2 event is marked by the development of close/isoclinal folds with a N-S oriented axis. Refolding patterns generated by F1 and F2 superposition are found in several places. The latest event (D3) corresponds to a transcurrent tectonics, which led to development of mega-folds and several shear zones, under a transpressional regime. The mapped shear zones are Humberto Monte (ZCHM), Po?o Cercado (ZCPC) and Forquilha (ZCF). Digital image processing of enhanced Landsat 7-ETM+ satellite images, combined with field data, demonstrate that these penetrative structures are associated with positive and negative geomorphologic patterns, distributed in linear and curvilinear arrangements with tonal banding, corresponding to the ductile fabric and to crests. Diverse color composites were tested and RGB-531 and RGB-752 provided the best results for lineament analysis of the most prominent shear zones. Spatial filtering techniques (3x3 and 5x5 filters) were also used and the application of Prewitt filters generated the best products. The integrated analysis of morphological and textural aspects from filtered images, variation of tonalities related to the distribution of geologic units in color composites and the superposition over a digital elevation model, contributed to a characterization of the structural framework of the study area. Kinematic compatibility of ZCHM, ZCPC, ZCF shear zones, as well as Sobral-Pedro II (ZCSPII) shear zone, situated to the west of the study area, was one of the goal of this work. Two of these shear zones (ZCHM, ZCPC) display sinistral movements, while the others (ZCSPII, ZCF) exhibit dextral kinematics. 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained in this thesis for ZCSPII and ZCPC, associated with other 40Ar/39Ar data of adjacent areas, indicate that all these shear zones are related to Brasiliano orogeny. The trend of the structures, the opposite shear senses and the similar metamorphic conditions are fitted in a model based on the development of conjugate shear zones in an unconfined transpression area. A WNW-ESE bulk shortening direction is infered. The geometry and kinematic of the studied structures suggest that shortening was largely accommodated by lateral extrusion, with only minor amounts of vertical stretch / A regi?o de Forquilha localiza-se no extremo noroeste do Dom?nio Cear? Central (por??o setentrional da Prov?ncia Borborema) e apresenta um arcabou?o litoestratigr?fico formado por rochas metaplut?nicas paleoproteroz?icas, seq??ncias metasupracrustais e granit?ides neoproteroz?icos. As rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Cear? ocupam a maior parte da ?rea e s?o subdivididas em duas unidades distintas: Canind? e Independ?ncia. A unidade Canind? ? formada basicamente por biotita paragnaisses e muscovita paragnaisses, envolvendo rochas metab?sicas (lentes de anfibolitos). A seq??ncia Independ?ncia abrange paragnaisses granad?feros, intercalados com silimanita-granada-quartzo-muscovita xistos e quartzo-muscovita xistos, quartzitos puros ou com muscovita e, mais raramente, m?rmores. Foram identificados e caracterizados pelo menos tr?s eventos de deforma??o d?ctil, denominados de D1, D2 e D3. O evento D1 pode ser interpretado como correspondente ? uma tect?nica tangencial de baixo ?ngulo com transporte tect?nico para sul. O evento D2 ? caracterizado pelo desenvolvimento de dobras fechadas a isoclinais com eixos aproximadamente N-S. Padr?es de superposi??o de dobras F1 e F2 foram verificadas em diversos locais. O terceiro evento (D3), desenvolvido em um regime transpressional, gerou dobras megasc?picas com eixos NNE a NE e zonas de cisalhamento transcorrentes. Essas zonas transcorrentes D3 s?o denominadas de Zona de Cisalhamento Humberto Monte (ZCHM), Zona de Cisalhamento Po?o Cercado (ZCPC) e Zona de Cisalhamento Forquilha (ZCF). O processamento digital de imagens de sat?lite Landsat 7-ETM+, combinado com dados de campo, demonstrou que essas estruturas penetrativas desenvolveram padr?es geomorfol?gicos positivos e negativos, distribu?dos em arranjos lineares e curvilineares com bandamento tonal, associados ao fabric d?ctil das rochas e a cristas. Diversas composi??es coloridas foram testadas, sendo que RGB-531 e RGB-752 proporcionaram os melhores resultados para an?lise de lineamentos correspondentes ?s principais zonas de cisalhamento. T?cnicas de filtragem espacial (filtros 3x3 e 5x5) tamb?m foram utilizadas, sobressaindo-se os produtos resultantes da aplica??o de filtros Prewitt na banda PC1. A an?lise integrada dos aspectos morfol?gicos e texturais presentes nas imagens filtradas, somados ?s varia??es de cores assumidas pelas unidades geol?gicas nas composi??es coloridas e ? sobreposi??o sobre um modelo digital de eleva??o, permitiram uma caracteriza??o em mega-escala da conforma??o estrutural da ?rea de estudo. Um dos objetivos desse trabalho foi compatibilizar a cinem?tica das zonas de cisalhamento ZCHM, ZCPC, ZCF, juntamente com a zona de cisalhamento (lineamento) Sobral-Pedro II (ZCSPII), situada na adjac?ncia, a oeste da ?rea estudada. As idades 40Ar/39Ar obtidas nesta tese para a ZCSPII e a ZCPC, associadas com outros dados 40Ar/39Ar de zonas de cisalhamento do Estado do Cear?, s?o indicativas de que todas essas zonas estejam relacionadas ? orog?nese Brasiliana. Al?m disso, a orienta??o geral das estruturas, os sentidos de cisalhamento opostos (sinistral na ZCHM e na ZCPC; dextral na ZCSPII e na ZCF) e as condi??es metam?rficas semelhantes conduziram ? proposta de um modelo evolutivo das zonas de cisalhamento da regi?o de Forquilha a partir do desenvolvimento de zonas de cisalhamento d?cteis conjugadas em uma ?rea de transpress?o n?o-confinada, com uma dire??o geral de encurtamento WNW-ESE. A geometria e a cinem?tica do conjunto de estruturas analisadas sugerem que o encurtamento tenha sido amplamente acomodado por extrus?o lateral, com menores quantidades de estiramento vertical
267

A utiliza??o da modelagem f?sica no estudo do desenvolvimento, geometria e cinem?tica de falhas distensionais

Portugal, Rafaela Andraus 30 March 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaAP.pdf: 4484951 bytes, checksum: 404fda9fc50481c6bc56cdc75726d9f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / As bacias do tipo rifte se tornaram o foco de muitas pesquisas, intensificadas nas ?ltimas d?cadas, n?o apenas por sua ampla distribui??o global e grande versatilidade em termos de ambi?ncia geotect?nica, mas tamb?m por sua import?ncia econ?mica na ind?stria de explora??o de hidrocarbonetos. Neste contexto, a utiliza??o do aparato tipo caixa-de-areia se tornou uma ferramenta potencial para simular a deforma??o distensional em bacias sedimentares e vem agregando conhecimento e informa??o acerca das caracter?sticas das estruturas desenvolvidas nestes ambientes. No presente trabalho, a t?cnica da modelagem f?sica, realizada em caixa-de-areia , foi utilizada para estudar a nuclea??o e desenvolvimento das falhas durante a simula??o de rifteamentos obl?quos e ortogonais. Os experimentos distensionais foram constru?dos de modo a induzir a deforma??o homog?nea, localizada (S?ries I e II) e distribu?da (S?rie III), em um pacote rochoso simulado, principalmente, por camadas de areia. As estruturas presentes nos modelos estudados s?o influenciadas por tr?s vari?veis principais: a obliq?idade de distens?o (?ngulo agudo entre a dire??o de distens?o e o eixo do rifte), o mergulho da descontinuidade pr?via (aqui denominada falha-mestra = FM) e a mudan?a na geometria do substrato. Os modelos foram agrupados em tr?s s?ries experimentais caracterizadas por: (1) S?rie I: experimentos de rifteamento ortogonal e obl?quo que testam a influ?ncia de uma trama pret?rita (FM) no desenvolvimento do rifte; (2) S?rie II: experimentos de rifteamento ortogonal e obl?quo sem a influ?ncia de tramas pret?ritas e (3) S?rie III: experimentos de rifteamento obl?quo focando a deforma??o distribu?da em seq??ncias homog?neas (somente areia) e heterog?neas (areia + microesferas de vidro). Uma observa??o geral e comum a todos os modelos ? que as falhas nucleadas s?o inicialmente segmentadas, desenvolvendo tra?os alongados decorrentes da propaga??o e intera??o dos segmentos. As falhas observadas t?m car?ter redominantemente normal, mas a contribui??o de um componente direcional ? mapeada nos modelos obl?quos. Os modelos da S?rie III apresentaram um n?mero muito maior de falhas desenvolvidas como fruto da deforma??o distribu?da, al?m de apresentarem geometria escalonada mais freq?ente. De forma geral, grande parte dos segmentos de falhas se desenvolve paralelamente ? dire??o da descontinuidade induzida que condiciona a dire??o do eixo do rifte nos modelos das tr?s s?ries estudadas, embora segmentos obl?quos (variando ?20?) tamb?m ocorram. As falhas normais s?o nucleadas com ?ngulos de mergulho moderado a alto e freq?entemente s?o rotacionadas ao longo da deforma??o. O desenvolvimento de falhas mais tardias, que ocorre preferencialmente na por??o intra-rifte, concentra e acomoda a deforma??o, e al?m de apresentarem ?ngulo de mergulho maior que as anteriores, tamb?m tendem a rotacion?-las. As falhas de borda dos riftes apresentam comportamentos distintos, com as falhas da borda leste mantendo-se ativas e exibindo maior rota??o, enquanto que as falhas da borda oeste apresentam pouco aumento do rejeito e tendem ? estabilidade durante a progress?o da deforma??o. A largura da zona de rifteamento (w) apresenta uma rela??o de depend?ncia com as vari?veis condicionantes dos modelos: quanto maior o mergulho de FM menor ser? o valor de w, quanto mais obl?qua a distens?o menor ser? o w, e finalmente, w ? muito menor nos experimentos cuja deforma??o ? localizada (S?ries I e II) quando comparado ?queles cuja deforma??o ? distribu?da (S?rie III). Estruturas mais discretas, tipo zonas de transfer?ncia (conjugadas e divergentes), s?o observadas nos modelos obl?quos das S?ries II e III, interpretadas como o produto da intera??o entre as extremidades de falhas de mergulho opostos. O desenvolvimento, geometria e cinem?tica das falhas distensionais, e seus par?metros intr?nsecos discutidos ao longo deste trabalho, influenciam direta ou indiretamente no desenvolvimento de condutos, barreiras e armadilhas ao fluxo de fluidos, e podem ter impacto consider?vel na explora??o econ?mica de bacias sedimentares. Sendo assim, a modelagem f?sica de an?logos, abordando os aspectos pertinentes que influenciam no arcabou?o estrutural de bacias com potencial econ?mico, ? uma ferramenta que pode ser amplamente empregada no aux?lio ao entendimento da distribui??o espa?o-temporal de falhamentos e impactar diretamente na explora??o/explota??o de hidrocarbonetos, por exemplo.
268

[pt] MAPEAMENTO DE SUPERFÍCIE E VOLUME BASEADO EM RESTAURAÇÃO DE SEÇÕES GEOLÓGICAS / [en] MAPPING OF SURFACE AND VOLUME BASED ON GEOLOGICAL SECTION RESTORATION

30 November 2021 (has links)
[pt] A restauração geológica busca reverter processos geológicos, partindo de uma região com sua geometria atual para sua configuração original, prévia à deformação. A restauração geológica de seções transversais é um dos principais recursos da indústria de óleo e gás para auxiliar na interpretação e validação. Em geral, processos geológicos acontecem de forma tridimensional. No entanto, a restauração 3D é complexa e cara e não faz parte do fluxo de trabalho tradicional que preza por soluções rápidas e eficientes como a restauração de seções 2D. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia e o desenvolvimento de ferramentas para mapear o movimento tridimensional baseado na restauração de seções geológicas. Esta metodologia divide o problema em duas etapas. O primeiro passo mapeia o movimento das seções para as superfícies do modelo com o uso de um deformador de superfícies. Na sequência, o movimento das seções junto do movimento das superfícies mapeiam o movimento do volume, aqui discretizado em uma nuvem de pontos. A solução numérica do primeiro passo realiza a movimentação das superfícies considerando pontos de controle, restrições impostas pelo movimento das seções transversais em conjunto com a minimização da função tri-harmônica a fim de produzir superfícies de variação mínima. O segundo passo faz a movimentação do volume baseado em pontos de controle dados pela movimentação das seções adicionadas ao movimento das superfícies obtidas no primeiro passo. A base de desenvolvimento para estes estudos é o Sistema Recon-MS, um sistema computacional desenvolvido pela PETROBRAS em parceria com o Instituto Tecgraf/PUC-Rio, no qual, dentre outros recursos, permite a restauração de modelos geológicos, através de algoritmos geométricos e cinemáticos. / [en] Geological restoration aims to reverse geological processes, starting from a region with its current geometry to its original configuration, prior to deformation. The geological restoration of cross-section is one of the oil and gas industry s key capabilities to aid interpretation and validation. In general, geological processes occur in a three-dimensional way. However, 3D restoration is complex and expensive and not part of the traditional workflow that emphasizes fast and efficient solutions such as restoring 2D sections. This work presents a methodology and the development of tools to map the threedimensional movement based on the restoration of geological sections. This methodology divides the problem into two steps. The first step maps the movement of cross sections to model surfaces using a surface deformer. Next, the movement of the sections together with the movement of the surfaces map the movement of the volume, here discretized in a point cloud. The numerical solution of the first step performs the movement of surfaces considering control points, restrictions imposed by the movement of cross sections together with the minimization of the tri-harmonic function in order to produce surfaces with minimum variation. The second step is the movement of the volume based on control points given by the movement of the sections added to the movement of the surfaces obtained in the first step. The development basis for these studies is the Recon-MS System, a computational system developed by PETROBRAS in partnership with the Tecgraf/PUC-Rio Institute, which, among other resources, allows the restoration of geological models, through of geometric and kinematic algorithms.
269

Geologic Map and Structural Analysis of the Twin Rocks 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, Wayne County, Utah

Sorber, Samuel C. 23 June 2006 (has links) (PDF)
A new geologic map of the Twin Rocks 7.5 minute quadrangle primarily located within Capitol Reef National Park, south-central Utah, provides stratigraphic and structural detail not previously available. This map has also been instrumental in understanding the evolution and development of fluvial terraces associated with Sulfur Creek and the structural geology of the backlimb of the Miners Mountain uplift. Nine bedrock stratigraphic formations and eight types of Quaternary deposits were mapped throughout the quadrangle. Bedrock stratigraphy ranges in age from Permian to Jurassic. New details absent on previous geologic maps include members of the Chinle and Moenkopi Formations and the Jurassic Page Sandstone, a stratigraphic unit herein separated from the Navajo Sandstone. Terraces associated with Sulfur Creek record the central pathway of ancient streams rather than the lateral extent of the floodplain. Volcanic boulder-rich terrace deposits were likely created as stream channels were clogged with volcanic boulders and subsequently abandoned. The boulder-fill effectively armored the underlying softer bedrock. As the stream moved away from the abandoned, boulder-filled channel, it eroded and downcut into the adjacent softer mudstone bedrock, rather than eroding through the more resistant boulder alluvium. Thus, the abandoned boulder-filled channel becomes elevated relative to the stream. This inverted topography is preserved as elevated fluvial terrace deposits. This style of preservation of linear terraces developed over a broad area is in contrast to nearby terraces along the Fremont River which are preserved as "steps" cut into the resistant sandstones of the Glen Canyon Group along the Waterpocket Fold. These terraces have been used to identify changes in the location of Sulfur Creek through time. Kinematic analysis of structures in the backlimb of the uplift show a principle compressive stress orientation nearly perpendicular to the uplift axis and rotated 30° counter clockwise from the stress indicated by deformation bands measured in the forelimb. These data suggest that stress transmitted through the basement is partitioned and rotated in the backlimb, likely due to decoupling and differential slip in strata with low shear strength. Such decoupling would allow the stress to be rotated perpendicular to the resisting fold axis, rather than parallel to the far-field stress transmitted through the basement. Sandbox models produced in this study display boundary perpendicular structures similar to those measured in the backlimb of the Miners Mountain uplift.
270

A Combined Experimental and Numerical Approach to Understanding Quartz Cementation in Sandstones

Williams, Randolph T. 01 August 2012 (has links)
No description available.

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