Tyrimo objektas – vyrų plaukimo starto atlikimo kinematinių parametrų ypatumai, plaukiant 50 ir 100 m laisvu stiliumi. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti stipriausių Europos plaukikų, plaukiančių 50 ir 100 m laisvuoju stiliumi, starto atlikimo kinematinių parametrų ypatumus 50 m ilgio baseine. Hipotezė – povandeninės starto atkarpos įveikimo ypatumai turi vienodą įtaką jaunių ir suaugusiųjų sportiniams rezultatams, sprinto (50 ir 100 m) laisvuoju stiliumi rungtyje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti stipriausių Europos plaukikų, plaukiančių 50 ir 100 m laisvuoju stiliumi atlikimo kinematinius parametrus 50 m ilgio baseine. 2. Palyginti Europos jaunių ir suaugusiųjų plaukikų, plaukiančių 50 ir 100 m laisvuoju stiliumi starto atlikimo kinematinius parametrus. 3. Nustatyti plaukimo laisvuoju stiliumi starto kinematinių parametrų tarpusavio ir su sportiniu rezultatu sąveiką 50 ir 100 m nuotoliuose. Išvados: 1. Europos jaunių ir suaugusiųjų plaukikų, plaukiančių 50 ir 100 m laisvuoju stiliumi, veiksmų ant bokštelio trukmė, atstumas, įveiktas po vandeniu starto metu patikimai nesiskiria (p > 0,05) 2. Suaugusieji Europos čempionatuose statistiskai reikšmingai pranašesni visuose tirtuose parametruose, išskyrus 50 m laisvu stiliumi povandeninės starto atkarpos ilgį. 3. Povandeninės starto atkarpos įveikimo greitis neigiamai įtakojo abiejų amžiaus grupių starto atkarpos įveikimo greitį 100 m laisvuoju stiliumi rungtyje ir suaugusiųjų 50 m laisvuoju stiliumi rungtyje. / Research object – kinematic parameters features of start performance in 50 and 100 meters freestyle men swimming. Research aim – determine kinematic parameters features of best European swimmers in 50 and 100 meters freestyle swimming. Hypothesis − distance traveled under the water overcoming features has same influence for adult and junior swimmers 50 and 100 meters freestyle swimming. Objectives of the study: 1. Assess kinematic parameters features of best European swimmers in 50 and 100 meters freestyle swimming. 2. Compare kinematic parameters features of best European Adult and Junior swimmers in 50 and 100 meters freestyle swimming. 3. Assess kinematic parameters features interaction between each other and sport results in 50 and 100 meters freestyle swimming. Conclusions: 1. The time that it takes to for the swimmer to leave the block and distance traveled under the water of European Adult and Junior swimmers in 50 and 100 meters freestyle swimming does not differ significantly. 2. Adults of European championship were better and significantly correlated in all researched parameters except distance traveled under water in 50 m freestyle. 3. Distance traveled under water negatively influenced start distance speed of both adults and juniors in 100 meters and adults in 50 meters freestyle swimming.

Performance when gliding in the streamlined position depends on a swimmer’s morphological characteristics, body orientation and water characteristics. The purpose of this thesis was twofold. First to identify and assess the effect of controllable factors that contribute to glide performance and second to form the foundations of an improved approach of simulating the fluid flow around the swimmers’ body. To address the purposes of the thesis four investigations were conducted. Study 1. The effect of the head position on glide performance was investigated. When the high, medium and low head positions were compared, it was found that swimmers experience significantly greater resistance and decelerate faster when they adopt a high head position. It was also found that there is no significant difference between the medium and low head position indicating for the first time that swimmers can choose any of the positions according to their natural tendency. Study 2. The second study examined the effect of gliding depth on gliding performance. A range of depths was investigated ranging from 0.8 m to 0.2 m from the water surface. The results demonstrated significantly higher glide factor values for glides at a greater depth when compared to glides closer to the water surface highlighting the retarding effect of wave drag when gliding close to the surface. The optimum gliding performance was reported for glides at 0.8 m from the surface. Study 3. The third study investigated the effect of full body swimsuits on glide performance. According to the findings, it is demonstrated for the first time that the improved gliding performance when wearing full body swimsuits is linked to changes in swimmers’ morphology due to compression. Study 4. In the fourth study the magnitude of resistive forces applied on a swimmer’s body when gliding underwater was assessed with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the LES approach. The results showed a close match between the glide factor values of the experimental and the computational findings demonstrating the effectiveness of the CFD method when the LES approach is employed.

Title: An observation of varying performances of triathletes based upon gender and age in the sport of Iron Distance Triathlons. Objectives: The goal of the thesis is to compare the results of the swim leg in the Ironman World Championship. We will be working with thirteen age groups compiling of 18 - 80 plus year old participants as well as both genders, male and female to gather our results. Our plan is to process results from the years 2005-2014, which is exactly 10 years or one decade. Method: Our method for gathering the results was a multiple analysis that complied a breakdown of the swim portion of an Iron Distance Triathlon for all Age Groups during those specific years. Results: After extensive research analyzing data, comparing data and studying past performances, we found that the participants times in the swim portion of Ironman Triathlon World Championships showed small significant differences over the past ten years. With minor deteriorations or improvements, swimming performances were seen at a consistent level for male and female age group 25-40. Men in the age group 18-54 showed improved outcomes over the women's same age group by 6-15%. In age groups ranging from 55- 80+, swim times increased by 15%. Overall the age groups with the most significant fluctuations in swim times was...

Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES) / Swimming, as a sport, is constantly developing, both through the resources employed in training and assessment, and through the technological development of the fundamental aspects of swimming. In the freestyle events, swimmers spend between 38% and 50% of their competition time executing turns in short pool competitions over distances that vary from 50 m to 1500 m. The importance of the turn has been noted and analyzed for several decades, where it was found that the final turn velocity was second only to mid-pool swimming velocity for determining a medal finish in the men’s race. Due to the impact that the tumble turn has on swimming performance, the present study investigated the importance of the tuck index, foot-plant index and wall-contact time (WCT) on swimming performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the tuck index, foot-plant index, and WCT on the round trip time (RTT) in the tumble turn performance in level 3 swimmers in the freestyle swimming stroke. A quantitative cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in this study. A convenient sample of ten (10) swimmers were tested, five male and five female, all being level 3 swimmers affiliated to the high performance team of Swimming South Africa (SSA). Video analyses of the turns were recorded. Each subject performed thirty (30) trials, each consisting of a 50 m freestyle swim with flip turns at race pace. Descriptive statistics and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to analyse the data. A p-value of below 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The mean tuck index was 0.57 ± 0.14°. The mean foot-plant index was 0.45 ± 0.10 cm. The mean WCT was 74.31 ± 11.57 %. The mean RTT was 2.47 ± 0.40 s. A significant negative correlation was found between tuck index and RTT (r = -0.41; p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between foot-plant and WCT. Further regression analysis showed that the tuck index was a significant predictor of RTT (F = 21.745, p < 0.001). Following the freestyle tumble turn, the flutter kick technique remained the superior method of exiting the wall, based on the 5 m RTT. Therefore, the introduction of optimal turning practice for age-group swimmers is likely to result in significant reductions in turning times and should be noted by coaches and swimmers alike.

Este trabalho de pesquisa acadêmica, precipuamente, objetivou avaliar por amostragem, a qualidade sanitária das piscinas de uso coletivo da cidade de São Carlos, SP, com base nas legislações vigentes. O Código Nacional de Saúde, no artigo 44 dá realce ao planejamento, construção e uso das piscinas coletivas sujeitas ao controle das autoridades sanitárias competentes. O Código Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, no decreto 12.342 de 27 de setembro de 1978, apresenta especificações para as águas de piscina. Para avaliação das instalações anexas foram estudados projetos, construção, operação de equipamentos, manutenção da área construída; foram feitas, também, vistorias das referidas instalações das piscinas propriamente ditas. Com base na legislação estadual e nos padrões da CETESB (Companhia de Tecnologia e Saneamento Ambiental), foram estudados regulamentos quanto a pessoal de apoio; e por meio de parâmetros físicos, químicos e bacteriológicos foi avaliada a qualidade da água de cada unidade amostral do universo de pesquisa deste trabalho porque, em conjunto, os anexos, o tanque de recreação e a água são responsáveis por problemas de saúde pública. Em São Carlos, das 28 piscinas de uso coletivo, que se enquadram nas regras do Decreto do Estado de São Paulo nº 12342 de 27 de setembro de 1978, por processo de amostragem estratificada foram selecionadas 18 piscinas, que perfazem 64,3% daquelas viáveis para o trabalho, pertencentes a nove localidades ou estabelecimentos. O espaço amostral buscou abranger piscinas de clubes, de instituições de ensino e de academias das classes sociais A, B e C; cobertas e descobertas; infantis e de adultos. / This research work evoluated the sanitary quality of collective use swimming pools in the city of São Carlos, SP. Acoordingly, the pools facilities were investigated in the following subjects: projects, construction, equipments operations, as well as the pools performance inspections themselves. Based on State Legislation and according to the CETESB (Companhia de Tecnologia e Saneamento Ambiental) patterns studies were performed concerning support personel, and the water quality of each stuied unit, in terms of: physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. From the 28 colectif pools, 18 were selected for this work wich represent 64,3%, and this sampling space, covered club polls, schools and social academies for classes A, B and C, for children and adults.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santhiago_v_dr_rcla.pdf: 487613 bytes, checksum: 08693467b4d88569bdc7cc8c28ab9031 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Considerando a necessidade de avaliar a capacidade aeróbia de nadadores e assim prescrever as intensidades adequadas de treino durante ciclos de treinamento, vários estudos foram desenvolvidos com diferentes protocolos a fim de identificar instrumentos de aplicabilidade prática capazes de avaliar e quantificar a capacidade aeróbia. Entretanto, ainda existem controvérsias a respeito dos modelos invasivos e não invasivos e exaustivos e não exaustivos que representem de forma mais fidedigna a máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL). Além disso, existe também, carência de investigações relacionadas à utilização do sistema de nado atado na avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos, mecânicos e como ferramenta no treinamento de nadadores. Desse modo, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi padronizar e testar diferentes modelos invasivos e não invasivos de avaliação aeróbia na natação, por meio de protocolos em nados livre e atado, validando-os através da comparação com a MFEL. Para isso, foram avaliados 12 nadadores do sexo masculino durante um período de polimento na natação. Foram utilizados protocolos de MFEL, velocidade crítica (Vcrit), Vcrit obtida por meio do protocolo proposto por Chassain (1986), MFEL em nado atado, força crítica (Fcrit) em nado atado e Fcrit obtida por meio do protocolo proposto por Chassain (1986). Para verificar possíveis diferenças entre as respostas agudas de stress obtidas após a utilização de diferentes protocolos em nados livre e atado, concentrações sanguíneas foram mensuradas. / Considering the need to evaluate the aerobic capacity in swimmers and to prescribe the appropriate intensities of training, several studies were developed with different protocols in order to identify practical applicability instruments capable to evaluate and to quantify the aerobic capacity in swimmers. However, still controversies exist regarding the invasive and non invasive models which represent the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). The aim of the present study was to standardize and to test differents invasive and non invasive models of aerobic and anaerobic evaluation in the swimming, by protocols in free and tethered swimming, validating them by the comparison with the MFEL. Twelve male swimmers were evaluated during the taper period in the swimming. Protocols of MLSS, critical swimming velocity (CSV), Vcrit obtained through the protocol proposed by Chassain (1986), MFEL in tethered swimming, critical force (CF) in tethered swimming and CF obtained by the protocol proposed by Chassain (1986). To verify possible differences among the stress responses obtained after the use of different protocols in free and tethered swimming, enzymatic plasma concentrations were measured.

Graduation date: 1998

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative importance of strength and anaerobic lactate metabolism to swimming performance. Although strength has been shown to play an integral part in swim performance, its development is not clearly understood.In addition, the emphasis to be placed on strength vs. anaerobic lactate utilization was examined in the various acre groups.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This work focuses on the propulsion of swimming micro-robots through accessible, quasi-static, fluid-filled, environments of the human body. The operating environment dictates that the system must function under low Reynolds number flow conditions. In this fluidic regime, viscous forces dominate. Inspiration is drawn from biological examples of propulsion systems that exploit the dominance of viscous forces. A system based on the prokaryotic flagella is chosen due to its simplicity; it is essentially a rigid helix that rotates about its base. To eliminate the piercing threat posed by a rigid helix, a propulsion system utilizing a flexible filament is proposed. The filament is designed such that under rotational load, and the resulting viscous drag, it contorts into a helix and provides propulsive force. Four mathematical models are created to investigate the behaviour of the proposed flexible filament. An experimental prototype of the flexible tail is built for similar purposes. An experimental rigid tail is also built to serve as a benchmark. The experimental results for propulsive force generated by the rigid tail match the Resistive-Force Theory (RFT) model. An analysis of the system concludes that experimental error is likely minor. An ADAMS model of the rigid tail, as a result of modelling error, under-predicts the propulsive force. The experimental flexible filament shows that the proposed propulsion system is feasible. When actuated, the tail contorts into a `helix-like' shape and generates propulsive force. An ADAMS model of an ideal flexible filament shows that, if a complete helix is formed, there is no loss in performance when compared to a rigid counterpart. The experimental filament is too stiff to form a complete helix and, accordingly, the ADAMS model does not simulate the filament well. To decrease this discrepancy, a second ADAMS model, attempting to directly simulate the experimental filament, rather than an ideal one, is created. Regardless, the second ADAMS model gives confidence that a multi-body dynamic model using lumped-parameter drag forces, after further modifications, can simulate the experimental flexible filament well.