Thesis (Ph. D.)--University OF MICHIGAN, 1976.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1991.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1991.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-01, page: 0346. Adviser: Wendell C. Taylor. Includes bibliographical references.

DISSERTATION (PH.D.)--THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, 1976.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is grounded in the concept of culture and Clifford Geertz aimed to understand the meaning that the pregnant adolescent attributed her pregnancy. It was descriptive qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 8 teenagers between 13 and 19 years old, attended prenatal in a basic health unit in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul The study took place from March to July 2012. For data collection were used narrative interviews and participant observation as fundamental techniques. As a complementary technique to generate the data, we used the design silhouette of pregnant adolescents, representing how they see themselves in this time of pregnancy. We adopt a thematic analysis, which consists in discovering the core senses. The proposed study was approved by the Center for Continuing Education of Municipal Health Department of Santa Maria and the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria in the number of CAAE 00554512.0.0000.5346. The results show themes - The meaning of motherhood to teenage mothers; - The experience of teenage pregnancy in the family and social; - Expectations of teenage pregnancy in the future. The results showed themes - The meaning of motherhood to teenage mothers; - The experience of teenage pregnancy in the family and social - Expectations of teenage pregnancy in the future. The results obtained in the analysis of data in search of understanding the cultural significance of pregnancy for pregnant teenagers, demonstrated the uniqueness of the process that has culture as a mediator of personal experiences. The findings of this study indicate the importance of understanding the cultural context of the pregnant adolescents to provide care according to their actual needs. We hope that this research will provide its readers a critical analysis of teenage pregnancy, thus overcoming paradigms extant studies in the health field, looking out over this phenomenon from a biological perspective and pathologizing. Thus, it is expected to contribute to both nurses and for other health professionals, improving the quality of health care for adolescents, seeking enhancement of knowledge and practice of these subjects. / Este estudo está embasado no conceito de cultura de Clifford Geertz e teve como objetivo compreender o significado que a adolescente gestante atribuiu a sua gravidez. Tratou-se de pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. As entrevistas foram realizadas com 8 adolescentes entre 13 e 19 anos, atendidas no pré-natal em uma unidade básica de saúde, no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo ocorreu no período de março a julho de 2012. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas narrativas e observação participante como técnicas fundamentais. Como técnica complementar para gerar os dados, foi utilizado o desenho da silhueta das gestantes adolescentes, representando como se veem neste momento da gestação. Adotamos a análise temática, a qual consiste em descobrir os núcleos de sentidos. A realização do estudo foi aprovada pelo Núcleo de Educação Permanente da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Santa Maria e pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria sob o número do CAAE 00554512.0.0000.5346. Foram respeitados todos os aspectos éticos das pesquisas com seres humanos, seguindo a Resolução nº 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Os resultados evidenciaram os temas - O significado da maternidade para mães adolescentes; - A vivência da gravidez na adolescência no âmbito familiar e social; - Expectativas de adolescentes gestantes para o futuro. Os resultados obtidos na análise dos dados, em busca da compreensão do significado cultural da gravidez para as gestantes adolescentes, demonstraram as singularidades do processo que tem a cultura como mediadora das experiências pessoais. Os achados deste estudo indicam a importância de conhecer o contexto cultural das gestantes adolescentes para prestar um atendimento de acordo com suas reais necessidades. Espera-se que esse estudo possa contribuir para uma reflexão crítica acerca da gravidez entre adolescentes, ultrapassando assim paradigmas dominantes, ainda existentes nos estudos da área da saúde, que vislumbram este fenômeno a partir de uma perspectiva patologizante e biologicista. Desta forma, contribui-se tanto para os enfermeiros, como para os demais profissionais de saúde, na melhoria da qualidade da atenção à saúde das adolescentes, buscando a valorização dos saberes e das práticas destes sujeitos.

The study is about the effects of teenage pregnancy on learning and teaching in Junior and Senior Secondary Schools of Butterworth District. The researcher’s objective of the study was to determine how pregnancy affects the learner’s performance on learning and teaching in schools. Qualitative paradigm informed the study. The participants were drawn from teenagers; teachers and parents areall from rural schools, around Butterworth Education District through the use of non-probability, purposive and convenient samples. The sample included learners from ages 13-19 who were pregnant and those who were once pregnant while in schools, teachers who taught pregnant learners in their schools and parents who were having pregnant children at schools. A total of fifteen (15) participants were involved in the interview. The data collected was analyzed and interpreted during data collection and thereafter. The findings of the study showed that absenteeism, drop-out, poor academic performance, poverty and unemployment which are the results of pregnancy are some of the contributory factors that affect learning and teaching in schools. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study. The study concludes by recommending awareness campaign on learner pregnancy.

Adolescent pregnancy is a concern worldwide and has risen at an alarming rate in South African societies. Many teenage pregnancies end up being aborted. Despite the availability of contraceptives free of charge in public institutions, unintended pregnancies among adolescents still persist. These unintended pregnancies result in a high rate of induced abortion, both safe and unsafe. The study was conducted to explore and describe the perceptions of adolescents regarding induced abortion in two public hospitals in East London, South Africa. This was a qualitative, phenomenological research study to explore the perceptions of adolescents regarding the induced abortion. Participants were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data were collected by means of individual interviews using interview guide in order to allow the participants to express their perceptions freely because of the sensitivity of the issue. Data were collected until saturation was reached. Saturation was reached after 24 participants were interviewed by the researcher. Data analysis used Tech’s (1990) steps as outlined by Creswell (2014:198). Themes, categories, and subcategories were identified following the data analysis. All adolescents admitted having consensual unprotected sex. Engagement in early sexual behaviour by the adolescents was evident as their sexual debut was between the ages of fifteen and sixteen years. Adolescents emphasised that they had abortions because they had no choice. Adolescents cited poor-socio economic status as their main reason for having abortions. Some findings were that adolescent men were against abortion and they had to be persuaded by their female counter parts. A recurrent factor in the results was the infrequent use of contraceptives, including condoms by the adolescents. This indicated that adolescents practised unsafe sex, with little or no regard for sexual transmitted diseases including Human Immune Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV and AIDS). The results also indicated poor treatment by the nursing staff at the family planning clinics. This poor treatment resulted in adolescents not attending family planning clinics. This led to adolescents using abortion as the only method of contraception. Shortage of staff was a contributing factor to the poor treatment of adolescents in the family planning clinics. Adolescents cited that contraception at the clinics is not prioritised. The participants suggested that they should be reminded when to come to the clinic for family planning. Perceptions of reasons for adolescents choosing induced abortion ranges from psychosocial to socio-economic reasons. The knowledge of participants of what was happening to them and what they were doing seemed adequate. The perceptions of the adolescents regarding induced abortion were that abortion is wrong, against their morals as they are Christians; they use abortion because they have no choice due to their poor socio-economic status. The strategies to reduce the unintended pregnancy through the proper management of the contraception programmes, including the change in negative attitudes of health care providers in the family planning clinics could yield positive results.

Neste estudo, investigou-se o atendimento de gestantes adolescentes, usando a perspectiva de gênero com marcador de equidade na atenção primária. Descreveu-se o que pensam os profissionais de saúde da Estratégia de Saúde da Família sobre a gravidez na adolescência, como atendem estas gestantes e quais são as vivências das adolescentes, em relação à gravidez. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, no qual foram realizados dois procedimentos metodológicos para a produção de informações: grupo focal com os trabalhadores e entrevistas semiestruturadas com as adolescentes grávidas. O estudo foi realizado em um município localizado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este estudo é parte do projeto intitulado Equidade de Gênero nos Serviços de Saúde Como um Marcador de Integralidade na Atenção Básica, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da UFRGS (Carta de Aprovação nº 23752). Em relação aos profissionais de saúde, percebeu-se que decisões tidas como exclusivamente técnicas são influenciadas pelos preconceitos e estereótipos vigentes em seu meio social, inclusive os de gênero. A gravidez na adolescência é pouco compreendida em sua complexidade multifacetada, apesar de ser vista como um problema de saúde publica pelas equipes de saúde. Os trabalhadores utilizam a medicalização como única forma de lidar com a gravidez na adolescência. Ao contrário do que ocorre no meio dos profissionais, entre as adolescentes há uma percepção positiva sobre a implicação da gravidez na vida amorosa e em suas identidades. Na falta de melhores condições sociais, educação e de oportunidades, e inseridas em uma cultura cujas prescrições de gênero ainda valorizam sobremaneira os papeis tradicionais de esposa e mãe, a maternidade se configura nas classes populares como um projeto de vida. A gestação na adolescência não é um problema em si, mas sim o contexto de iniquidades que a produz e reproduz. Frente estes resultados, destaca-se a importância dos estudos de gênero que podem contribuir para a identificação de preconceitos e estereótipos que moldam a relação entre os cuidadores e os usuários dos serviços. / This study investigated specialized care in teenage pregnancy using the gender perspective as a marker for equity in Primary Health Care. It was described the thoughts of health professionals from a Family Health Unit about teenage pregnancy, how the pregnant are cared and what their experiences are relating to pregnancy. It is a qualitative and descriptive study, in which was done two methodological procedures to gather information: focal group with the professionals and semi structured interview with pregnant adolescents. This study was done in a town around the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This study is part of a project called Gender Equity in Health Services as a Marker of Integrality in Primary Health Care, approved by the Ethics Committee of UFRGS (Approval letter # 23752). Relating to the health professionals, it was seen that decisions done technical, exclusively, are influenced by prejudice and stereotypes according to their current social environment, including of gender. Teenage pregnancy is little comprehended in its multifaceted complexity, even been considered a public health problem by the health staff. The professionals use medicalization as the only way to deal with teenage pregnancy. Opposing what happens among the professionals, among the adolescents there is a positive perception about pregnancy implications in their lovely life and identities. Lacking better social conditions, education and opportunities, as well as been inserted in a culture that gender prescriptions are still severely valuing the traditional roles of wife and mother, motherhood is configured, in popular classes, as a life project. Teenage pregnancy is a not a problem itself, but an iniquity context that produces and reproduces it. Facing these results, is highlighted the relevance of gender studies that may contribute to the prejudice and stereotype identification that shape the relationship carers and users of health services.

Este estudo investigou os aspectos transgeracionais e desenvolvimentais presentes nos modelos de mãe em adolescentes grávidas, ao comparar tais modelos entre as adolescentes com histórico materno de gravidez na adolescência e as que não possuíam tal histórico. Participaram do estudo 54 adolescentes com idades entre 13 e 18 anos que estavam no terceiro trimestre de gravidez. Foi utilizado um delineamento de grupos contrastantes, sendo o primeiro grupo constituído por 26 adolescentes que possuíam histórico materno de gravidez na adolescência e o segundo, por 28 que não o possuíam. As adolescentes responderam individualmente a uma entrevista semi-estruturada sobre a gravidez adolescente. A Análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas revelou que não houve diferenças acerca dos aspectos transgeracionais e desenvolvimentais presentes nos modelos de mãe de gestantes adolescentes nos dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram um predomínio dos aspectos desenvolvimentais aos transgeracionais na forma como as adolescentes relataram se imaginar enquanto mães, assim como quando relataram não possuírem modelos de mãe a seguir e a evitar. Pode-se pensar que seguir o modelo da própria mãe está mais relacionado com aspectos transgeracionais presentes em qualquer gravidez do que por uma repetição da história de gravidez na adolescência entre as gerações. Atenta-se, assim, para a importância de serem considerados os aspectos desenvolvimentais e transgeracionais presentes na história de adolescentes grávidas, a fim de que seja garantida uma assistência global no período pré-natal e após o nascimento do bebê. / This study investigated the transgenerational and developmental aspects present in maternal models in pregnant adolescents, to compare such models among adolescents with a maternal history of teenage pregnancy and those who does not have such history. The study included 54 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 in their third trimester of pregnancy. A contrasting groups design was used. The first group consisted of 26 adolescents who had maternal history of teenage pregnancy and the second by 28 who hadn’t. Adolescents responded individually to a semi-structured interview about teenage pregnancy. Qualitative content analysis revealed no differences on the transgenerational and developmental aspects present in maternal models of pregnant teenagers in the two groups. The results showed a prevalence of the transgenerational then developmental aspects in how adolescents reported imagining themselves as mothers, as well as when they reported not having maternal models to follow or to avoid. The maternal model might be thought as commonly following the own´s mother's and is more related to transgenerational aspects present in any pregnancy than by a repetition of the story of teenage pregnancy between generations. Therefore, careful attention should be used to consider the importance of transgenerational and developmental aspects present in the history of every pregnant adolescent, in order that a comprehensive prenatal care and after birth the baby is guaranteed.