A structure subjected to extreme load due to explosion or human error may lead to progressive collapse. One of the direct methods specified by design guidelines for assessing progressive collapse is the Alternate Load Path method which involves removal of a structural member and analysing the structure to assess its potential of bridging over the removed member without collapse. The use of this method in assessing progressive collapse therefore requires that the vertical load resistance function of the bridging beam assembly, which for a typical laterally restrained reinforced concrete (RC) beams include flexural, compressive arching action and catenary action, be accurately predicted. In this thesis, a comprehensive study on a reliable prediction of the resistance function for the bridging RC beam assemblies is conducted, with a particular focus on a) the arching effect, and b) the catenary effect considering strength degradations. A critical analysis of the effect of axial restraint, flexural reinforcement ratio and span-depth ratio on compressive arching action are evaluated in quantitative terms. A more detailed theoretical model for the prediction of load-displacement behaviour of RC beam assemblies within the compressive arching response regime is presented. The proposed model takes into account the compounding effect of bending and arching from both the deformation and force points of view. Comparisons with experimental results show good agreement. Following the compressive arching action, catenary action can develop at a much larger displacement regime, and this action could help address collapse. A complete resistance function should adequately account for the catenary action as well as the arching effect. To this end, a generic catenary model which takes into consideration the strength degradation due to local failure events (e.g. rupture of bottom rebar or fracture of a steel weld) and the eventual failure limit is proposed. The application of the model in predicting the resistance function in beam assemblies with strength degradations is discussed. The validity of the proposed model is checked against predictions from finite element model and experimental tests. The result indicate that strength degradation can be accurately captured by the model. Finally, the above developed model framework is employed in investigative studies to demonstrate the application of the resistance functions in a dynamic analysis procedure, as well as the significance of the compressive arching effect and the catenary action in the progressive collapse resistance in different designs. The importance of an accurate prediction of the arching effect and the limiting displacement for the catenary action is highlighted.

Orientadores: Gustavo Luis Gutierrez, Luiz, Alberto Pilatti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T03:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedroso_Bruno_D.pdf: 1570595 bytes, checksum: 6c2bd4e5e4b40d09fee9a0deb2cdb924 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Desde a década de 1970 a preocupação com a qualidade de vida tem se intensificado. Na tentativa de mensurar tal variável, pesquisadores das mais variadas áreas têm, desde então, desenvolvido um grande número de instrumentos de avaliação. A grande inflação de instrumentos criados nas últimas décadas, apesar de promover uma maior possibilidade de escolha, por outro lado, fomenta um cenário caliginoso aos pesquisadores: decidir qual é o instrumento mais apropriado para a realização de uma determinada pesquisa. A falta de conhecimento por parte dos pesquisadores tem conduzido, com frequência, à escolha de instrumentos impróprios e/ou menos eficazes para a realização de pesquisa na área da qualidade de vida e qualidade de vida no trabalho. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar uma investigação teórica de natureza descritiva e analítica, desenvolvida por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, acerca da avaliação da qualidade de vida e qualidade de vida no trabalho, com enfoque os instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde - WHOQOL - e os modelos clássicos de qualidade de vida no trabalho. O presente estudo abarca a análise dos instrumentos WHOQOL-100, WHOQOL-bref, WHOQOL-HIV, WHOQOL-HIV-bref, WHOQOL-OLD, WHOQOL-SRPB, WHOQOL-DIS, WHOQOL-Children, WHOQOL-8, WHOQOL-Pain e dos modelos teóricos e instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida no trabalho de Walton, Hackman e Oldham, Westley, Werther e Davis e do modelo teórico de qualidade de vida no trabalho de Nadler e Lawler. Infere-se que a escolha de um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida e/ou qualidade de vida no trabalho não é uma empreitada simples. Uma série de fatores tais como o objetivo da pesquisa, os indicadores a ser estudada, a população a serem examinados, os aspectos geográficos, o tempo de aplicação, os procedimentos de análise, deve ser levada em consideração. Cada instrumento é ímpar, possuindo suas respectivas vantagens e eventuais fragilidades. Nessa perspectiva, a presente investigação, por meio do agrupamento de informações existentes na literatura associadas a informações originais, intenta corroborar para com o cenário contemporâneo da avaliação da qualidade de vida e qualidade de vida no trabalho / Abstract: Since decade of 1970, the preoccupation about quality of life increased. Aiming to measure such variable, researchers of many areas have since then developed a great number of measurement instruments. The instruments inflation created in the last decades, even promoting a larger choice possibility on the other hand foments a dark scenario to the researchers: to decide what is the most appropriated instrument for the accomplishment of a certain research. The lack of knowledge by the researchers has been leading often to the choice of inappropriate and/or less effective instruments for the research accomplishment in quality of life and quality of work life areas. In this perspective, the present study aims to accomplish a theoretical investigation of descriptive and analytic nature, developed by a bibliographical research, concerning quality of life and quality of work life evaluation, boarding the World Health Organization Quality of Life instruments - WHOQOL - and life classical models of quality of work life. The present study boards the analysis of WHOQOL-100, WHOQOL-bref, WHOQOL-HIV, WHOQOL-HIV-bref, WHOQOL-OLD, WHOQOL-SRPB, WHOQOL-DIS, WHOQOL-Children, WHOQOL-8, WHOQOL-Pain and of the quality of work life theoretical models and measurement instruments of Walton, Hackman and Oldham, Westley, Werther and Davis and of life quality of work life theoretical model of Nadler and Lawler. We infer that the choice of a quality of life and/or quality of work life's measurement instrument is not a simple work. A series of factors, such as the research goal, the investigated indicators, the examined population, the geographical aspects, time of filling, the analysis procedures, should be taken in into account. Each instrument is unique, owning its respective advantages and eventual fragilities. Therefore, the present investigation using a grouping of existing information in the literature associated to original information, attempts to corroborate with the evaluation of quality of life and quality of work life contemporary scenario / Doutorado / Doutor em Educação Física

This study is concerned with furthering an understanding of the behaviour of organisational boundary personnel, or more exactly, with how boundaries act as psychological environments. The study has two complementary aims: to describe the psychological environment encountered by boundary personnel and to offer a theoretical model of the organisation as a psychological environment, the latter being a prerequisite of the former. It is held that a social psychological perspective is needed which can deal adequately with organisations as antecedent conditions of behaviour, and that situational analysis offers a useful social psychological framework for this purpose. The empirical investigation is an initial descriptive study of the psychological environment encountered by boundary personnel. It is argued that initial descriptive studies are necessary when dealing with largely unstudied phenomena, and that this stage in the scientific process has often been undervalued by social psychologists. A diary analysis followed by interviews were used to elicit a range of situations encountered by boundary personnel having direct and frequent contact with customers and clients. Four organisations were studied, each having a different primary task. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to elicit judgemental data, using the situations as stimuli. Multidimensional scaling was applied to analyse the data, treated as four sub-sets. This yielded the dimensions underlying each data set and the representation of situations according to these dimensions in each case. The results suggest that three common dimensions (formality, anxiety and socio-emotionality) underlie the cognitive representations of boundary personnel, and that the psychological environment encountered is complex. A taxonomy of situations is constructed and several important hypotheses relating to the psychological environment of boundary personnel formulated. Implications for future research are discussed.

Tous les modèles théoriques, mathématiques et empiriques utilisés pour l’évaluation de la mobilité électrophorétique de peptides regroupent trois paramètres de base : la masse du peptide, son nombre de résidus (sa longueur) et sa charge. Or, ces modèles ont une faiblesse commune qui est le paramètre de charge (q). Lors de l’estimation de cette variable, l’usage d’approximation pour les constantes de dissociation acide (pKa) des groupes ionisables des peptides entraîne une erreur sur ce calcul. Une solution utilisée par plusieurs auteurs est de développer les modèles pour la mobilité à bas pH seulement en assumant la protonation complète de tous les groupes acides et basiques. Afin de comprendre l’effet du résidu acide aminé (a.a.) voisin sur l’ionisation des groupes carboxyles et amines terminaux (Cʹ et Nʹ) d’un peptide, les valeurs de pKa de plusieurs séries de peptides ont été déterminés par CE suite à l’optimisation d’une méthode. Les peptides étudiés étaient de type Z-X et X-Z où X est un ou plusieurs résidus voisins variable tandis que Z est un résidu invariable tel la phénylalanine, la glycine et l’alanine. L’objectif primaire de ce projet consistait à déterminer les valeurs réelles du pKa des groupes Cʹ et Nʹ de 69 peptides afin d’élucider l’effet de leur environnement immédiat, i.e., le résidu voisin. Ce travail systématique de compilation des pKa est une approche rarement utilisée. En ayant accès à ces valeurs, la source d’incertitude sur les constantes d’ionisation des peptides auquel font face beaucoup d’auteurs est éliminée. Ceci permet une analyse plus approfondie de leur comportement électrophorétique. Pour la série de dipeptides étudiés, nous avons observé que plus l’hydrophobicité du résidu X augmentait, plus les pKa Cʹ et Nʹ baissait selon le résidu Z. Les résidus X hydrophiles possèdent des chaines latérales chargées ou très polaires qui influencent de façon plus importante le processus d’ionisation que les résidus X hydrophobes. Les données analysées ont aussi permis de déterminer que plus la distance du résidu X au Cʹ ou Nʹ est grande, plus son influence sur le pKa diminue. Également, le prolongement d’un peptide de 1 à 6 résidus, tel les oligoglycines, fait augmenter le pKa-Cʹ et diminuer le pKa-Nʹ via un processus expliqué par la réduction des interactions électrostatiques entre les fonctions Cʹ et Nʹ. Ces résultats illustrent que les pKa Cʹ et Nʹ de peptides ne sont pas exacts lorsqu’ils sont basés uniquement sur l’identité de l’acide aminé terminal, comme c’est le cas pour l’approche classique de modélisation. Les valeurs de pKa de dipepides obtenus par titrages potentiométriques ont été comparés aux pKa déterminés par CE. Des écarts importants ont été obtenus ce qui a mis en lumière la nécessité de contrôler les protocoles expérimentaux de manière rigoureuse pour mieux comparer les résultats provenant de deux techniques. Par la suite, à l’aide des mobilités de peptides obtenus expérimentalement à haut et bas pH, nous avons comparé les résultats de modélisations calculés pour les pKa expérimentaux à ceux de la littéraire afin d’évaluer les avantages du modèle d’Offord. Enfin, des simulations de séparations par CE de 9 peptides obtenues avec les programme informatique PeakMaster ont été comparées avec les résultats expérimentaux. Ceci a démontré l’utilité et la supériorité des pKa expérimentaux comparativement aux pKa les plus communément utilisés avec les approches traditionnelles. / All theoretical, mathematical and empirical models used to evaluate the electrophoretic mobilities of peptides use three basic parameters: the peptide mass, its number of residues (its length) and its charge. However, all models have a common flaw: the charge parameter (q). When estimating this variable, the use of approximations for the ionization constants (pKa) leads to imprecise values for the calculation. One solution is to limit the development of mobility models to only low pH and assume full protonation of all acidic and basic groups. In order to understand the effect of the neighboring amino acid (a.a.) residue on the terminal carboxylate and amine functions of a peptide (Cʹ et Nʹ), the pKa values of multiple series of peptides were determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using an optimized method. The peptides studied were of the form Z-X and X-Z, where X was one or multiple variable residues and Z was an invariable residue such as phenylalanine, glycine or alanine. The core of this project consisted of determining the actual Cʹ and Nʹ pKa values for 69 peptides to elucidate the effect of their immediate microenvironment. i.e., the effect of their nearest neighbor. This systematic compilation of pKa’s is an approach that is rarely used. With these values on hand, the uncertainty of the ionisation constant that most authors face is almost eliminated and the analysis of the electrophoretic behavior of peptides can be enhanced. For the peptides studied, we observed that increasing the hydrophobicity of residue X lead to a decrease in Cʹ and Nʹ pKa values, but to different degrees depending on the terminal residue (Z) studied. Hydrophilic X residues possess charged or highly polar side-chains, which influenced Cʹ and Nʹ ionisations to a greater degree than hydrophobic X residues. Additionally, the elongation of a peptide from one to six residues, such as the oligoglycine series studied, lead to an increase in pKa-Cʹ and a decrease in pKa-Nʹ, which might be explained by a diminishing electrostatic interaction between the Cʹ and Nʹ functional groups. These results illustrate that the Cʹ and Nʹ pKa values for peptides are not accurate when based solely on the identity of the Cʹ and Nʹ a.a. residues, which is the classical way peptide charge is estimated for modeling not only mobilities but also chemical and biological reactivity. Potentiometric titration of dipeptides produced pKa values that were compared to pKa’s determined by CE. Significant discrepancies were obtained which brought to light the necessity of rigorously controlling experimental protocols when comparing results obtained with two techniques. Mobility data for high and low pHs were calculated using experimental and literature tabulated pKa values to estimate charge and to therefore understand the benefit gained when applying the Offord mobility model. Finally, simulations of separating 9 peptides by CE were carried out with the computer program PeakMaster and compared with experimental results. This showed the utility and superiority of our cumulated pKa values versus the most widely cited approximate pKa values from the literature.

[pt] A viabilidade da exploração de um campo petrolífero está associada às características produtivas da formação, obtidas mediante o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de técnicas capazes de aumentar a economicidade dos poços. A técnica de estimulação mais utilizada atualmente é o fraturamento hidráulico, que tem como uma das etapas principais a injeção de um material granular, denominado de propante, para a manutenção da abertura da fratura. Tal técnica tem como obstáculo o refluxo do propante para o interior do poço (proppant flowback), ocasionando diversos problemas que podem levar à interrupção da produção do mesmo. Alguns modelos teóricos e empíricos foram desenvolvidos para a previsão desse fenômeno, mas os mecanismos que o governam não são ainda claramente explicados. Alguns fatores que influenciam na produção de propante são largura da fratura, tensão de fechamento, gradiente hidráulico e características do propante. O refluxo de propante não é considerado nos procedimentos atuais de projeto de fraturamento hidráulico. Nessa dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta computacional com uma arquitetura orientada a objeto, em linguagem de programação Java, para a análise de estabilidade do propante no interior da fratura com base em modelos empíricos e teóricos. Além disso, foi investigada a influência da inclusão de restrições no projeto de fraturamento de modo a prevenir o fenômeno. Busca-se, desse modo, a obtenção de melhores projetos de fraturamento hidráulicos com prevenção do refluxo de propante, garantindo a produtividade do poço e prolongando sua vida útil. / [en] The viability of the exploration of an oil field is associated with the productive characteristics of the formation, guaranteed by means of the development and application of techniques capable of increasing the productivity and the economy of the oil fields. The currently most used stimulation technique is hydraulic fracturing, by which one of the main stages is the injection of a granular material called proppant to keep the fracture open and enhance fracture permeability. This technique presents as a drawback the phenomenon known as proppant flowback. The proppant is carried to the inside of the well causing many problems which can lead to production interruption. Some empirical and theoretical models for its prediction have been developed, however the mechanisms that govern it are still not clearly explained. Parameters that are related to proppant flowback are fracture width, closure pressure, drag force and proppant characteristics. Proppant flowback prediction is not included in today s procedures of the hydraulic fracturing project. In the present work a computational tool for proppant stability analysis was developed based on empirical and theoretical prediction models. This tool has an object oriented architecture written in Java language. The influence of the introduction of restrictions to prevent proppant production in the hydraulic fracture design procedure was also investigated. In this way, it is aimed to obtain hydraulic fracturing projects by which proppant flowback is prevented in field situations assuring well productivity and extending its activity period.

Apesar do aconselhamento no campo das DST/aids ser considerado, em diferentes regiões do mundo, como uma das principais estratégias para prevenção primária, secundária e terciária, implantada nos serviços da rede de atendimento às DST/aids e em serviços da rede básica de saúde, tanto estudos nacionais como internacionais mostram que esta prática ainda concentra uma dose significativa de fragilidades e problemas.Estes estão relacionados principalmente à falta de uma reflexão e clareza sobre a definição, conceituação, estrutura e forma de atuação do aconselhamento, bem como sobre seus limites e possibilidades. Este estudo se propôs a resgatar as origens históricas e conceituais do aconselhamento em DST/aids, e identificar e analisar criticamente a principal concepção teórica indicada como fundamento dos materiais de referência sobre o aconselhamento em DST/aids, apontando suas contribuições, limites e possibilidades de aplicação. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, baseado na análise de documentos sobre o aconselhamento em geral, o aconselhamento em DST/aids, e sobre a principal corrente teórica identificada nesses materiais: a Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, de Carl Rogers. Além de identificar a origem histórica da imprecisão do conceito de aconselhamento enquanto prática social, este estudo colocou em evidência tanto as potencialidades e fragilidades da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa para lidar com a complexidade de facetas presentes nessa epidemia, como a existência de alguns desacordos e contrastes entre a prática de ajuda proposta por esse referencial teórico e a estrutura de aconselhamento proposta pelos manuais, bem como, algumas contradições e ambigüidades existentes na própria proposta desenhada para o aconselhamento no campo da aids. Sustenta-se que, para fazer um uso consistente da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa no aconselhamento em DST/aids, algumas mudanças de concepção, expectativa, enfoque e posicionamento se fazem necessárias. Primeiramente é imperioso que se veja o aconselhamento como um espaço onde a ação está voltada às necessidades e características do cliente, e não voltado para resolver a múltiplas demandas da política de prevenção e assistência, pois ele nunca deve ser visto como uma ação isolada, mas deve sempre estar inserido em uma estratégia mais ampla aonde se somam outros tipos de intervenção.É importante que se reveja a idéia de objetivos, conteúdos e resultados fechados e pré-determinados, possibilitando que sejam centrados na pessoa do cliente e, portanto mais abertos, flexíveis ou construídos conjuntamente. Finalmente, é importante para uma maior qualificação e efetividade dessa prática, utilizar-se de outros quadros teóricos e conceituais, que discutem outras dimensões e aspectos do universo individual, não abordados por essa linha teórica. / In spite of the fact that in different regions of the world counseling in the field of STD/aids is considered as one of the main strategies for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention techniques applied in the services available to STD/aids and in basic health services, studies done nationally and internationally show that this practice still concentrates a significant amount of weaknesses and problems. These relate mainly to the lack of a clear expression and thought on the definition, conceptualization, structure and format for the role of counseling, as well as its limitations and possibilities. This study proposes to rescue the historical and conceptual origins of counseling in STD/aids, and to identify and critically analyze the main theoretical concept used as the basis for the reference material on counseling in STD/aids, pointing out its contributions, limitations and possibilities of application. It is, therefore, a qualitative study by nature, based on the analysis of documents on counseling in general, counseling in STD/aids, and on the main theoretical current identified in the material: the Client Centered Therapy, by Carl Rogers. In addition to identifying the historical origin of the imprecision in the concept of counseling as a social practice, this study makes clear the potentialities and weaknesses of the Client Centered Therapy to deal with the complexity of facets present in this epidemic, such as the existence of some differences and contrasts between the help practice proposed by this theoretical reference and the structure of counseling proposed by manuals, as well as some contradictions and ambiguities present in the proposal itself, designed for the counseling in the field of aids. One supports the idea that in order to make a consistent use of the Client Centered Therapy in the counseling for STD/aids, some changes in the concept, expectation, focus and positioning are necessary. First of all it is imperative to see counseling as a space where action is oriented towards the needs and characteristics of the client, and not to solve the multiple demands of the policy for the prevention and assistance, as it should never be seen as an isolated action, but it must always be inserted in a wider strategy where other kinds of interventions are added. It is important to revisit the idea of objectives, content, closed and predetermined results, enabling them to be centered on the person, the client, and therefore, to be more open, flexible or constructed jointly. Finally, it is important for a wider qualification and effectiveness of this practice, to use other theoretical and conceptual frameworks, which discuss other dimensions and aspects of the individual universe, not dealt with in this theoretical line.

O presente estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo descrever e compreender o cuidado das crianças no processo saúde-doença sob a perspectiva das famílias de uma comunidade nativa do Peru. O Modelo para Competência Cultural de Purnell foi a base teórica que deu sustentação ao estudo. O método etnográfico com ênfase na etnoenfermagem, utilizando as técnicas da observação participante e da entrevista etnográfica, com cinco famílias durante um período de convivência de quatro meses em uma comunidade nativa; permitiu a compreensão da perspectiva dos informantes sobre o cuidado das crianças. Emergiram três temas culturais do conjunto dos dados: A estrutura sociocultural da comunidade Kabano e seu cotidiano, na qual a função desempenhada por cada membro representa um papel preponderante na estrutura sociocultural e no cotidiano da cultura. A promoção e preservação da saúde na comunidade Kabano é caracterizada por um cotidiano de limitações e dificuldades. Os papéis dos membros da família nuclear, da família ampliada, e do curandeiro e da parteira, referentes às atividades de cuidado cotidianas, visam à promoção da saúde e a vida do coletivo. As práticas no adoecimento das crianças são permeadas por grandes dificuldades apesar do suporte da rede social. As dificuldades são de natureza econômica e provêm das falhas no relacionamento e na comunicação do profissional de saúde com os membros da cultura e os déficits estruturais do estabelecimento de saúde. A assistência à saúde na cultura Kabano se encontra nas etapas iniciais do Modelo para Competência Cultural de Purnell, ou seja, um cuidado caracterizado pela inconsciência incompetente. Os resultados descritos neste estudo, se considerados, podem levar os profissionais a se aproximarem da competência inconsciente para o cuidado cultural da pessoa, da família e da comunidade. / This qualitative study aimed to describe and understand the care of children in the health-illness process from the perspective of the families of a native community in Peru. The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence was the theoretical framework that had supported the study. The ethnographic method with emphasis in the ethnonursing using the participant observation and ethnographic interview techniques with five families, during four months of coexistence in a native community; allowed to understand the informants perspective about the care of children. Three cultural themes emerged from the data set: The socio-cultural structure of Kabano\'s community and their everyday, in which the role played by each member represents a preponderant role in the socio-cultural structure and in the everyday of the culture. The promotion and preservation of health in Kabanos community is characterized by daily limitations and difficulties. The roles of the members of the nuclear family, extended family, and the healer and midwife, regarding the daily care activities, aim at promoting health and life of the collective. Practices in childrens illness are permeated by great difficulties despite the support of social network. The difficulties are of economic kind and come from failures in the relationship and communication between the health professional and the members of the culture and from the structural deficits of the health center. The health care in the Kabano culture is in the early stages of the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence, and characterized by a careful unconscious incompetent. The results described in this study, if they can bring to the professional approach the unconscious competence for cultural care of the person, family and community.

Submitted by Anelise Milech (anelisemilech@gmail.com) on 2017-11-09T11:33:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Vitor Hafele.pdf: 1510717 bytes, checksum: a505f827c3e081b30cd7cfd6381b4ffd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-01-02T13:47:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Vitor Hafele.pdf: 1510717 bytes, checksum: a505f827c3e081b30cd7cfd6381b4ffd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-01-02T13:48:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Vitor Hafele.pdf: 1510717 bytes, checksum: a505f827c3e081b30cd7cfd6381b4ffd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-02T13:49:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Vitor Hafele.pdf: 1510717 bytes, checksum: a505f827c3e081b30cd7cfd6381b4ffd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / Objetivo: descrever a prevalência de aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física e a mudança de comportamento dos usuários de unidades básicas de saúde da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS. O estudo também verificou fatores associados ao aconselhamento para a atividade física. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra de 525 indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais usuários de unidades básicas de saúde da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Foram entrevistados 15 indivíduos em cada unidade de saúde enquanto estavam na sala de espera aguardando atendimento. Para verificar o aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física foi utilizada a seguinte questão: “Durante o último ano, em alguma vez em que o Sr (a) esteve na unidade básica de saúde, recebeu aconselhamento para praticar atividade física?”. Para verificar os estágios de mudança de comportamento foi utilizado o instrumento proposto por Dumith et al. publicado em 2008. Resultados: A prevalência de aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física foi de 35,4%, estando associado ao aumento da idade, ao diagnóstico médico referido de hipertensão arterial, ao uso de algum medicamento de maneira contínua e ao maior número de vezes em que o sujeito esteve na unidade de saúde no último ano. As prevalências dos estágios de mudança de comportamento antes do aconselhamento foram: pré-contemplação 38,3%, contemplação 6,3%, preparação 24,0%, ação 6,3% e manutenção 25,1%. Após o recebimento do aconselhamento os valores modificaram para: 20,1%, 8,2%, 30,4%, 8,7% e 32,6%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física precisa melhorar nas unidades básicas de saúde. No entanto, o aconselhamento apresentou influência positiva sobre os estágios de mudança de comportamento. / Purpose: To describe the prevalence of counseling to practice of physical activity and the change of behavior among users of basic health units in urban area from Pelotas, Southern Brazil. The study too verify some factors associated to counseling to physical activity. Methods: Cross-sectional study with sample of 525 people with 18 years old or more users of basic health units of urban area from Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Fifteen people were interviewed in each health unit while they were in waiting room. To verify the counseling to practice of physical activity was used the following question: “During the last year, in some time in that the Mr/Mrs was in basic health unit, did you receive counseling to practice physical activity?”. To verify the stages of change of behavior was used the questionnaire proposed by Dumith et al. published in 2008. Results: The prevalence of counseling to practice of physical activity was 35.4%. It was associated with increase of age, medical diagnosis of hipertension, continuous-use edication and the higher number of times that people were in basic health unit in the last year. The prevalences of stages of change of behavior before of counseling was: precontemplation 38.3%, contemplation 6.3%, preparation 24.0%, action 6.3% and maintenance 25.1%. After the receipt of ounseling the values changed to: 20.1%, 8.2%, 30.4%, 8.7% e 32.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The counseling to practice of physical activity must improve in basic health units. However, the counseling showed a positive influence on stages of change of behavior.

Book Summary: Applying Techniques to Common Encounters in School Counseling: A Case-Based Approach helps counselors in training bridge the gap between theory and practice by showing them how to theoretically frame or understand the problems and issues they encounter, how to proceed, and what action steps to take when they enter the field as school counselors. It answers the questions new counselors have in real school settings, such as What is it really like to live the life of a professional school counselor? How does the theory presented in the classroom apply to the myriad of situations encountered in the real life, everyday school setting? Case studies and scenarios give readers examples of many commonly encountered presenting issues. For each scenario the case is introduced, background information is supplied, and initial processing questions are posed. The authors include a discussion of the theoretical models or frameworks used to address the issue, along with a table segmented by theoretical paradigm and grade level that includes other techniques that could be used in the presenting case. With these tools at their disposal, readers gain a firm understanding of the issues from several frames of reference, along with interventions meant to create movement toward a successful resolution.

L'astrophysique nucléaire est la discipline scientifique qui étudie la production d'énergie et la synthèse des éléments (nucléosynthèse) dans les étoiles. Les réactions nucléaires entre des noyaux légers (A < 20-30) et des protons ou des particules alpha jouent un rôle fondamental. Elles produisent les éléments lourds à partir des éléments plus légers et permettent à l'étoile de dégager de l'énergie. Cette production d'énergie et des éléments explique à son tour la structure et l'évolution des étoiles et, donc de l'Univers. Quels que soient les processus considérés (nucléosynthèse primordiale, stellaire ou explosive) le calcul des abondances des éléments dans les étoiles requiert la connaissance de nombreuses sections efficaces de réactions nucléaires [B2FH57]. Les réactions nucléaires sous-coulombiennes entre noyaux légers interviennent au cœur des étoiles lors des phases de combustion de l'hydrogène et de l'hélium en équilibre hydrostatique. Dans des processus à température plus élevée (novae, supernovae, sursauts X) les éléments radioactifs sont largement impliqués dans le réseau de réactions, ce qui, d'autre part, amène des problèmes spécifiques aux expérimentateurs [Bla06]. Ma dissertation est une récapitulation des travaux expérimentaux et théoriques en astrophysique nucléaire que j'ai réalisés de janvier 1993 à janvier 2006 (cette thèse ne présente pas mes autres travaux en physique nucléaire, principalement sur la structure et les interactions des noyaux exotiques, voir par exemple [Ang03a, Raa04, Cas06]). Je présente quelques méthodes expérimentales en astrophysique nucléaire et je discute brièvement certains problèmes techniques liés aux mesures des sections efficaces très petites, et en particulier, au caractère spécifique de certains appareils (accélérateurs, spectromètres, etc.). Un premier exemple se rapporte à la mise au point de l'accélérateur de protons de 250 kV construit au CSNSM à Orsay (France) dont j'ai été responsable de la calibration [Bog94]. Ensuite, je présente les tests du spectromètre de recul ARES [Cou03] construit au Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron et l'étude d'une réaction d'intérêt astrophysique avec le premier faisceau radioactif produit par le cyclotron CYCLONE44 [Cou04]. Je discute également d'une manière générale les mesures de sections efficaces de réactions nucléaires par des méthodes directes et indirectes. Pour les méthodes directes, je me suis intéressée plus particulièrement aux mesures avec des faisceaux de protons très intenses (accélérateur de 100 kV au DTL-Bochum), ainsi qu'aux expériences avec des éléments radioactifs -cibles ou faisceaux- (CSNSM, Orsay et cyclotrons de Louvain-la-Neuve). Dans ce contexte, je présente plusieurs cas de réactions d'intérêt en astrophysique comme, par exemple, 9Be(p,gamma)10B [Zah95] (nucléosynthèse stellaire), 7Be(p,gamma)8B [Ham98, Ham01] (liée au problème du neutrino solaire), 7Be(p,p)7Be [Ang03b] (liée à la réaction 7Be(p,?)8B), 18F(p,alpha)15O [Ser03] (nucléosynthèse explosive dans les novae), 7Be(d,p)2alpha [Ang05a] (nucléosynthèse du Big Bang). Quand une mesure directe est très difficile à réaliser, il existe des méthodes indirectes comme, par exemple, les réactions de transfert. Elles sont utiles, entre autres, dans l'étude des largeurs alpha des états d'importance astrophysique de certains noyaux. Je discute les cas du 19F (nucléosynthèse du fluor) étudié par la réaction 15N(7Li,t)19F [Oli95] et du 19Ne (nucléosynthèse dans les novae) étudié avec 18F(d,p)19F [Ser03]. Un traitement théorique rigoureux de la dépendance en énergie des sections efficaces est nécessaire pour extrapoler ces dernières aux énergies caractéristiques des processus astrophysiques, à partir des sections efficaces expérimentales (prises à des énergies plus élevées). Un des effets dont il faut tenir compte pour ces extrapolations est l'effet d'écrantage électronique en laboratoire [Ass87] qui devient important à des énergies très basses (< 10-20 keV). Parmi les différents modèles théoriques généralement appliqués aux réactions d'intérêt astrophysique, je me suis spécialement intéressée à la méthode de la matrice R [Lan58]. Cette approche contient des paramètres ajustables sur les sections efficaces disponibles, et les valeurs des sections efficaces aux énergies stellaires sont obtenues par extrapolation. Je présente l'étude de l'écrantage électronique de réactions non-résonnantes en appliquant le modèle de la matrice R [Ang98]. Je montre également son application à deux réactions de capture radiative importantes en astrophysique, 12C(alpha,gamma)16O [Ang00] et 14N(p,gamma)15O [Ang01]. L'analyse de la réaction 14N(p,gamma)15O est discutée en détails [For04, Run04, Ang05b]. Elle joue un rôle important dans la détermination de l'âge des amas globulaires, donc dans la détermination de l'âge de l'Univers [Deg04], et dans la nucléosynthèse dans des étoiles géantes rouges [Her06]. Finalement, je discute l'importance des bases de données pour l'astrophysique nucléaire, et en particulier, des compilations de taux de réactions. Je présente la compilation de taux de réactions la plus récente [Ang99], que j'ai coordonnée pendant mon séjour à l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (1995-1998) dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre 10 laboratoires européens (cette publication a actuellement plus de 350 citations à la date de mai 2006). Je présente aussi une compilation des réactions les plus importantes impliquées dans la nucléosynthèse du Big Bang [Des04] et une évaluation de l'effet des nouveaux taux de réactions sur la valeur de la densité baryonique de l'univers [Coc04]. Les conclusions situent ces travaux dans leur contexte actuel.