[pt] A presente dissertação busca analisar um conceito jurídico: o de que a tradução de uma obra literária, artística e científica envolve um ato de transformação do texto original, consistindo, assim, numa (re)escrita autoral. Apresenta, brevemente, a influência do Iluminismo e do Romantismo na consolidação do direito de autor, no século XIX, quando o conceito de obra original (ou originalidade) tornou-se central nas leis que passaram a regular essa matéria. Em diálogo com Lawrence Venuti, um importante teórico da tradução, este trabalho procura verificar se a centralidade da obra original nas legislações autorais de fato contribuiu para obscurecer as traduções e, consequentemente, causar a invisibilidade do tradutor. A presente dissertação também busca encontrar fundamentos para a ideia de tradução como transformação a partir do entrecruzamento da Filosofia com os Estudos Linguísticos, explorando o assunto ainda de maneira bastante introdutória. Nesta parte do trabalho sugere-se que o aparecimento de um nova concepção de língua(gem), no final do século XVIII, foi fundamental para se passar a conceber a tradução como um ato de transformação, podendo, inclusive, ter influenciado as próprias leis da época. / [en] The present dissertation analyses a legal concept: that literary, artistic and scientific translations involve an act of transformation and, for that reason, consist in an authorial (re)writing. It briefly shows the influence of the Enlightenment and Romanticism on the consolidation of the authorial rights on the nineteenth century, when the concept of original work (or originality) became central in the copyright laws. In dialogue with Lawrence Venuti, an important translation theorist, it also examines whether the centrality of the original work in the copyright legislation really contributed to obscure translation and consequently cause the translator’s invisibility. The present dissertation also tries to find basis for the idea of translation as transformation through the interaction of philosophy and linguistic studies, still exploring this subject in a very introductory manner. In this part of the work, it is also suggested that the formulation of a new concept of language, at the end of 18th century, might have been very relevant to the idea of translation as transformation, influencing the laws of that time.

My experiences as a mother have been enhanced by spirituality and my spirituality has been transformed through the practice of mothering. I will argue that part of the transformation available in mothering is that one can go from thinking of oneself as an individual with free will, self autonomy, and independence to believing maybe we are all more connected and dependent upon each other than we thought. I intend to explore my personal spiritual journey from an academic perspective in order to gain and share knowledge. Intense emotional experiences such as childbirth, learning how to take care of a person who can not clearly communicate her or his desires, and learning to put the needs of someone else before your own, have the potential for both extreme pain and joy and the mother is forced to decide how to move forward. If mothers start to feel connected to their children, it can become easier to feel connected to other mothers, children, and humanity in general. This change which can occur within a mother can be a part of the spiritual awakening. American society, in general, would benefit from the recognition of the spiritual side of mothering and the awareness of the potential for a transformation in consciousness. My thesis topic is the spirituality of motherhood. More specifically, I explore how the practice of caring for children can transform the caregiver's sense of spirituality which is the relationship between your self and the world. This thesis is based on a feminist literary review of texts about spirituality and motherhood and also uses my personal experiences as a mother to illustrate how mothering can be a spiritual awakening and opportunity for spiritual growth. It is feminist in nature because I am attempting to illuminate and privilege the knowledges and experiences of mothers. I want to celebrate female parenting and also recognize the difficulties imposed by our sexist society. Motherhood does not always have to be exploitive or repressive and spirituality is one way to transcend these challenges.

This research is a study of the Female Metaphor in her three aspects of Virgin, Mother and Crone. It is an interpretation of these three faces as representing the Dynamic by which the Cosmos unfolds, that is, the extant Creativity that is in continual transformation and has always been so. Accordingly, as this thesis takes the Cosmos to be a seamless whole, the conscious alignment with the continual process of transformation innate to Being. Thomas Berry and Brian Swimme call the composition of these three, cosmic grammar. The ritual celebration of seasonal points are then developed as a method of embodying and sensualizing, and speaking this deep Dynamic of Creativity. These ritual celebrations are based in ancient Western spiritual practice that relates with Earth's cyclical transitions. Through methods of ritual, meditation, imagination, dance and storytelling, over the period of the annual seasonal cycle, I created a context, which sought to enable more harmonious relationship with self, other and Cosmos through identification of the self with an organic and primordial process innate to the unfolding Cosmos. I found it to be a process that catalyzed personal transformation of the participants over time - a transformation that has clear and inevitable cultural implications. While it is not the focus of this thesis to track these cultural changes, such change is implicit in the personal and relational changes experienced and noted, since the personal and the cultural are mutually embedded in a shamanic process like this is. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis reflectively and critically examines a series of research case studies initiated by a research-whānau. It explores the thinking, experiences and reflections of this research-whānau, as they worked to enhance the educational achievement of Māori students. Authorship of the thesis was undertaken by me (Mere Berryman). However, the methodology involved a collaborative, retrospective and critical reflection of research-whānau experiences and thinking, in the light of the research findings and experiences since the inception of this research-whānau in 1991. In the course of this work, the research-whānau have been able to explore what it has meant to put the principles of kaupapa Māori research into practice while working within a mainstream organisation (Specialist Education Services then the Ministry of Education). Our research work has involved repositioning ourselves from dependence on Western research methodologies to a better understanding and application of kaupapa Māori conceptualisations of research. The thesis begins by identifying mainstream and kaupapa Māori events that have historically and still continue to impact upon Māori students' educational experiences. These events provide the wider context for the work of this research-whānau at the interface of Te Ao Māori and Te Ao Pākehā, and for the 11 case studies that exemplify changes in our thinking and research practice over a period of 15 years. The thesis employs an indigenous (and specifically Māori) worldview as the framework for description, critical reflection, and theorising around these case studies. Common themes are collaboratively co-constructed then each theme is explained in relation to relevant Māori theory. The thesis concludes with the shifts in theorising and practice made by the research-whānau during the course of our work as we sought to contribute in ways that were more transformative and self-determining. We argue that these shifts in theorising and practice are also required of others if we are to change the status quo and contribute constructively to improving Māori students' potential.

Bibliography: p. 189-229.

"16th September 2002." Accompanying CD contains 2 MPEG clips with accompanying text, and a copy in PDF format of: Recovery of airway cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function in mice with cystic fibrosis after single-dose lentivirus-mediated gene transfer / M. Limberis ... [et al.], published in Human gene therapy vol. 13 (2002). Bibliography: leaves xxix-li. This thesis focuses on modulating the physical barriers of the airway epithelium with mild detergents, so as to enhance gene transfer by a HIV-1 based lentivirus vector in vivo. The efficiency of the gene transfer was evaluated in the nasal airway of C57B1/6 mice using the Lac Z marker gene. This demonstration of lentivirus-mediated in vivo recovery of CFTR function in CF airway epithelium illustrated the potential of combining a pre-conditioning of the airway surface with a simple and brief HIV-1 based gene transfer vector exposure to produce therapeutic gene expression in the intact airway.

The avocado industry needs improved cultivars with better agronomic traits such as increased resistance to pests and diseases. These could be developed with biotechnological approaches to breeding such as the use of genetic engineering. a prerequisite to the use of this technique if the development of an efficient in vitro regeneration system. The objective of this study therefore, was to develop a tissue culture protocol suitable for the propagation and transformation of avocado. To do this, the effects of the preconditioning of mother plants, different explant sources, growth regulator pretreatments of explants and different compositions of the growth medium were examined. The results of these confirmed that avocado is typical of woody plants, as avocado tissues shows a decrease in morphogenetic capacity as they age, and the most juvenile explant, the embryonic shoot axis, showed the highest potential for shoot regeneration. Regrowth of explants after removal of the first flush of shoots resulted in the production of shoot bases in vitro. Shoot bases were most efficiently produced when embryonic axes were dissected transversely to the axis of growth. This study has resulted in the production of an efficient system for the production of multiple shoots from embryonic shoot tissues of avocado through the induction of shoot bases. This tissue culture system could be extended to the use of somatic tissues as a source of explants. If shoot bases can be established from such tissues, this will provide a means by which avocado can be clonally propagated and provides a system by which genetic transformation and other techniques of biotechnology can be applied to the production of new and superior cultivars. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This practice-based project explores the photographic phenomenon of ‘moment beyond moment’, which refers to the combined representations of an existing image in an environment, together with the real-life situation at the moment the photograph is taken. I call this photograph an ‘extended photograph’. Employing practical works of extended photographs and focusing on interactions between the moment in real-life and the moment in an existing image, the research explores the transformation of meanings caused by the interactions of these moments in an extended photograph. The research owes its approach to grounded theory, contrary thinking and Chinese Buddhist ‘Sudden Enlightenment’ to further its aim of exploring the unpredictable interaction of these moments, and to disclose the potentials of meaning transformation. My research outcome intends to initiate a discourse with photographic practitioners and theorists on the phenomenon of moment beyond moment in a working environment that is encaged by the excessive existence of displayed images. The thesis is composed as a creative work that consists of a series of photographic images accompanied by an exegesis component. The images represent a nominal 80%, and the exegesis 20% of the final submission.

The goal of this thesis is to derive an accurate confidence interval after a sequential test with Christmas tree boundaries. We shall begin with an approximate pivot based on signed-root transformation, then apply the procedure of Weng and Woodroofe [2000] to derive an improved confidence interval. Accuracy of the theoretical result is investigated by simulations.

Consider sequential trials comparing two treatments with binary responses. The goal is to derive accurate confidence sets for the treatment difference and the individual success probabilities of the two treatments. We shall begin with the signed-root transformation as a pivot and then apply the approximate theory of Weng and Woodroofe [11] to form accurate confidence sets of these parameters. The explicit correction terms of the pivots are obtained. The simulation studies agree well with the theoretical results.