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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
341

Estudos sobre gases dissolvidos em óleos vegetais isolantes - influência de arco elétrico e superaquecimento / Dissolved gases analysis in insulating oils - the influence of electric arc and overheating

Leopoldino, Reginaldo 14 April 2011 (has links)
A inovação tecnológica é uma ferramenta muito poderosa utilizada para avançar estrategicamente no mundo competitivo. Esta tendência também é uma realidade nos sistemas de isolamento dos transformadores. Os isolamentos passam então a ser avaliados tanto do ponto de vista econômico, quanto do ambiental e da segurança. Em todo o mundo, são consumidos bilhões de litros de óleo isolante mineral e vegetal que, juntamente com o papel, formam a isolação interna dos equipamentos. Essa isolação ao ser degradada por uma ação térmica, química ou elétrica, não só diminui a vida útil dos equipamentos, mas também aumenta a taxa de falha e acarreta prejuízos e multas severas às concessionárias de energia. Aumenta-se a urgência em explorar o uso de óleos não fósseis, renováveis e biodegradáveis. Os fluídos isolantes vegetais, com capacidade de reduzir incêndios e riscos ambientais, já são uma realidade e alternativa possível em substituição aos óleos isolantes minerais. Como são de uso recente, os estudos sobre os gases dissolvidos nesses óleos ainda são poucos e seu uso como elementos indicadores de faltas causam desconfiança. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi o de criar metodologias para produzir em laboratório arcos elétricos e superaquecimento em óleos, capazes de gerar gases dissolvidos. Depois por ensaios térmicos e elétricos, realizaram-se estudos comparativos entre óleo mineral e vegetal com as técnicas disponíveis para monitoramento de faltas em transformadores. / Technological innovation is a very powerful tool used to advance strategically in the competitive world. This trend is also a reality in the insulation systems of transformers. Thus, insulation systems both from an economic, environmental and security viewpoint. Around the world are consumed billions of liters of insulating oil which jointly to paper forms the internal equipments insulation. When this insulation is damaged by thermal, chemical or electrical reaction it reduces the equipment durability, increases its failure rates, and cause great losses and severe fines to Electricity dealers. Consequently, this increases the urgency to explore the use of non-fossil oil, renewable and biodegradable. The vegetable insulating fluids is less-flammable and presents less environmental hazards, so it is a viable alternative to replace the use of mineral insulating oils. However, considering its recent use, studies involving dissolved gases in these oils are still scarce, and its use as shortages indicator, today, cause a deep distrust. Thus, the aim of this study was to create methodologies to produce, in laboratory, electric arcs and overheating in oils capable of generating dissolved gases. After a trial, was carried out a comparative analysis between mineral and vegetable oils, using the techniques available for monitoring transformers failures.
342

Diagnóstico otimizado de transformadores de potência mediante a integração de técnicas preditivas / Optimized diagnosis of power transformers via the integration of predictive techniques

Marques, André Pereira 22 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T12:41:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - André Pereira Marques - 2018.pdf: 11271921 bytes, checksum: 086b8deaeaa9f31cd4e5ea975724a254 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T13:27:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - André Pereira Marques - 2018.pdf: 11271921 bytes, checksum: 086b8deaeaa9f31cd4e5ea975724a254 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T13:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - André Pereira Marques - 2018.pdf: 11271921 bytes, checksum: 086b8deaeaa9f31cd4e5ea975724a254 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The effective application of predictive maintenance techniques for power transformers is essential for the early detection of defects and failures, and in order to trigger scheduled preventive or corrective actions. This precludes the need for urgent and/or emergency interventions, aiming to reduce unscheduled power outages, which are usually more costly and cause great inconvenience to consumers and the electric power system. In this context, this work focuses on the development of an optimized diagnostic methodology for power transformers, by integrating eleven predictive techniques (with 27 quantities). These techniques are analyzed with respect to voltage level, type of electrical connection and age of the transformers – when applicable –, based on the experience of specialists/analysts, on standards and technical guidelines, and on statistical analyses of a database of actual field and laboratory tests. The analyses of the validation of the results are significant and presented through a specialized system, demonstrating their practical application. The novelty of this thesis consists in the development of an original classification method, called Normalized Doubly Weighted Sum (NDWS), and in the detailed description of the predictive techniques that are integrated, their functionalities, the creation of equations, the definition of criteria and parameters, with their weights and scores for the classification of “A” (excellent) to “E” (very poor), and recommended actions aimed at underpinning decision- making, thereby contributing to the body of studies in this field. Hence, it can be concluded that this work offers a comprehensive and efficient tool to aid in the optimized diagnosis of power transformers, insulated with kraft paper and immersed in mineral insulating oil, providing effective diagnostics and maintenance of these devices, and thus increasing the reliability of electric power systems. / A eficiência da aplicação de técnicas preditivas de manutenção em transformadores de potência é fundamental para se detectar defeitos e falhas ainda em estágio incipiente, disparar ações preventivas ou corretivas programadas, e assim evitar intervenções em caráter de urgência e ou emergência, visando a diminuição de interrupções não programadas no fornecimento de energia elétrica, as quais são comumente mais onerosas e causadoras de grandes transtornos aos consumidores e ao sistema elétrico. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho baseiam-se em apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de diagnóstico otimizado destes equipamentos, mediante a integração de onze técnicas preditivas (com vinte e sete grandezas), analisando-as em relação ao nível de tensão, tipo de ligação elétrica e idade dos transformadores – quando aplicável – e de acordo com o seguinte embasamento: na experiência de especialistas/analistas; em normas e orientações técnicas; e em análises estatísticas de uma base de dados de ensaios reais realizados em campo e em laboratório. As análises com a validação dos resultados são significativas e apresentadas por meio de um sistema especialista, mostrando a sua aplicação prática. O ineditismo desta tese refere-se ao desenvolvimento de um método de classificação original, denominado Soma Duplamente Ponderada Normalizada (SDPN), e à descrição detalhada sobre quais técnicas preditivas são integradas, suas funcionalidades, elaboração de equações, a definição de critérios e de parâmetros, com seus pesos e suas notas para a classificação de “A” (excelente) a “E” (péssimo), e ações recomendadas que auxiliam nas tomadas de decisão, contribuindo com os estudos na área. Portanto, conclui-se que este trabalho possui uma aplicação abrangente e eficiente como ferramenta para o subsídio ao diagnóstico otimizado de transformadores de potência, isolados em papel kraft e imersos em óleo mineral isolante, proporcionando diagnósticos e manutenções efetivas nestes equipamentos e, consequentemente, impactando o aumento da confiabilidade do sistema elétrico.
343

Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de interpretação de análise de gases dissolvidos em óleo para transformadores de potência usando lógica Fuzzy / Development of a methodology of analysis and interpretation of oil dissolved gas in power transformers using Fuzzy logic and its implementation in graphic software

Silva, Tiago Henrique Vivas e 25 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-21T17:52:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tiago Henrique Vivas e Silva - 2017.pdf: 5148275 bytes, checksum: 451ab8d12dacefd5609d711aa1677179 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-24T11:16:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tiago Henrique Vivas e Silva - 2017.pdf: 5148275 bytes, checksum: 451ab8d12dacefd5609d711aa1677179 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T11:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tiago Henrique Vivas e Silva - 2017.pdf: 5148275 bytes, checksum: 451ab8d12dacefd5609d711aa1677179 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work have its main theme on the maintenance in Power Transformers in energy substations. Power Transformers have great importance in power transmission and distribution systems. In addition to being essential to perform the transformation between diferent levels of electrical voltage from generation to consumption, the cost of these equipments represents a considerable part of the investment in the system. A failure in a transformer can compromise the supply of electricity to an entire region of the city, which represents a lack of billing and fines to the power distribution company, as well as the repair costs of the equipment that failed. In this dissertation one of the main techniques used to diagnose power transformers using the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) are discussed, as well as the use of Fuzzy Logic in conjunction with the diferente analysis techniques. The differential of this work is the development of a computational tool that allows the grafical visualization of diagnosis evolution for each equipment over time and provides a final result by a flowchart that considers all diagnosis of the traditional techniques approached with application of Fuzzy Logic. The result obtained is the development of a software that implements the proposed methodology and graphically presents the diagnostics of each equipment present in the company’s database. The software allows the analysis of the current operational state of the equipment and his evolution over time, subsidizing the decision of the maintenance professional regarding maintenance in the equipment. / Este trabalho tem como tema central o planejamento da manutenção em transformadores de potência em subestações. Os transformadores de potência têm uma grande importância nos sistemas de transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica. Além de serem essenciais para efetuar a transformação entre os diferentes níveis de tensão elétrica ao longo do sistema desde a geração até o consumo, o valor destes equipamentos representa uma parcela considerável do investimento das concessionárias no sistema. Uma falha em um transformador de potência pode comprometer o fornecimento de energia elétrica para uma região inteira da cidade, o que representa falta de faturamento e multas para a concessionária, além dos próprios custos de reparação do equipamento que falhou. Nesta dissertação é abordada uma das principais técnicas utilizadas para diagnósticos de transformadores de potência: a Análise de Gases Dissolvidos (AGD), bem como a utilização da lógica Fuzzy em conjunto com os diferentes métodos de análise desta técnica. O diferencial deste trabalho está no desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional que permite a visualização gráfica da evolução do diagnóstico de cada equipamento ao longo do tempo e fornece um resultado final através de um fluxograma que considera os diagnósticos de todas as técnicas tradicionais abordadas com a aplicação da lógica Fuzzy. O resultado obtido é o desenvolvimento de um software que implementa a metodologia proposta e apresenta, de forma gráfica, os diagnósticos de cada equipamento presente no banco de dados da empresa. O software permite a análise do atual estado operacional do equipamento e a evolução deste diagnóstico ao longo do tempo, subsidiando a tomada de decisão do profissional da manutenção quanto às manutenções no equipamento.
344

Transformador óptico por interferometria de luz branca para medição de altas tensões. / Optical voltage transformers using white light interferometry for high voltage measurements.

Luiz Pinheiro Cordovil da Silva 26 January 2006 (has links)
No presente trabalho é apresentada uma nova abordagem para medida de potenciais em altos níveis de tensão que utilizam sensores eletro-ópticos Pockels. Também descreve a aplicação da técnica de interferometria de luz branca em sistemas de alta tensão por fibras ópticas. Neste sistema a informação é codificada no espectro da luz, permitindo assim que a medida seja independente da potência óptica transmitida pelo link de fibras ópticas. Um protótipo foi construído e testado sob excitação de tensão a.c. até 20 kV em 60 Hz mostrando boa resposta e demonstrando a viabilidade deste método. / A new approach to perform measurement of potentials in high voltage levels using electrooptical Pockels sensors is presented here. This work describes an application of the White Light Interferometry technique to a high voltage optical fiber measurement system. In this system the information is encoded in the spectrum of the light, allowing the measurement to be independent of the optical power transmitted by the optical fiber link. A prototype was built and tested under excitation of a.c. voltages up to 20 kV in 60 Hz showing good response and demonstrating the feasibility of this method.
345

Estudos sobre gases dissolvidos em óleos vegetais isolantes - influência de arco elétrico e superaquecimento / Dissolved gases analysis in insulating oils - the influence of electric arc and overheating

Reginaldo Leopoldino 14 April 2011 (has links)
A inovação tecnológica é uma ferramenta muito poderosa utilizada para avançar estrategicamente no mundo competitivo. Esta tendência também é uma realidade nos sistemas de isolamento dos transformadores. Os isolamentos passam então a ser avaliados tanto do ponto de vista econômico, quanto do ambiental e da segurança. Em todo o mundo, são consumidos bilhões de litros de óleo isolante mineral e vegetal que, juntamente com o papel, formam a isolação interna dos equipamentos. Essa isolação ao ser degradada por uma ação térmica, química ou elétrica, não só diminui a vida útil dos equipamentos, mas também aumenta a taxa de falha e acarreta prejuízos e multas severas às concessionárias de energia. Aumenta-se a urgência em explorar o uso de óleos não fósseis, renováveis e biodegradáveis. Os fluídos isolantes vegetais, com capacidade de reduzir incêndios e riscos ambientais, já são uma realidade e alternativa possível em substituição aos óleos isolantes minerais. Como são de uso recente, os estudos sobre os gases dissolvidos nesses óleos ainda são poucos e seu uso como elementos indicadores de faltas causam desconfiança. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi o de criar metodologias para produzir em laboratório arcos elétricos e superaquecimento em óleos, capazes de gerar gases dissolvidos. Depois por ensaios térmicos e elétricos, realizaram-se estudos comparativos entre óleo mineral e vegetal com as técnicas disponíveis para monitoramento de faltas em transformadores. / Technological innovation is a very powerful tool used to advance strategically in the competitive world. This trend is also a reality in the insulation systems of transformers. Thus, insulation systems both from an economic, environmental and security viewpoint. Around the world are consumed billions of liters of insulating oil which jointly to paper forms the internal equipments insulation. When this insulation is damaged by thermal, chemical or electrical reaction it reduces the equipment durability, increases its failure rates, and cause great losses and severe fines to Electricity dealers. Consequently, this increases the urgency to explore the use of non-fossil oil, renewable and biodegradable. The vegetable insulating fluids is less-flammable and presents less environmental hazards, so it is a viable alternative to replace the use of mineral insulating oils. However, considering its recent use, studies involving dissolved gases in these oils are still scarce, and its use as shortages indicator, today, cause a deep distrust. Thus, the aim of this study was to create methodologies to produce, in laboratory, electric arcs and overheating in oils capable of generating dissolved gases. After a trial, was carried out a comparative analysis between mineral and vegetable oils, using the techniques available for monitoring transformers failures.
346

Determinação de gases combustíveis em óleo isolante para transformadores, por meio de aquecimento prévio / Determination of combustible gases in insulating oil for power transformers by previous heating

Dênis Augusto Genaro Gouveia 05 May 2008 (has links)
Os transformadores de potência são alguns dos elementos mais importantes dos sistemas elétricos. A confiabilidade e o bom funcionamento destes equipamentos são vitais para que as companhias de energia forneçam eletricidade com qualidade e segurança. Um dos principais parâmetros que envolvem a normalidade da operação dos transformadores é o estado da isolação interna formada pelo óleo mineral e o papel que cobre as bobinas. Danos nessa isolação resultam na degradação destes dielétricos e, por conseqüência, na diminuição da vida útil dos transformadores. Essa degradação, que advém de processos elétricos, térmicos, ou mesmo mecânicos, geram gases combustíveis cujas quantidades individuais podem indicar o tipo de falha e a gravidade do problema. Desta forma, é importante detectar os principais gases envolvidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar análises e estudos quantitativos da presença de gases inflamáveis dissolvidos no óleo, surgidos através da degradação deste líquido isolante. O cerne deste trabalho está em elaborar ensaios de formação de arco no óleo e, posteriormente, aquecer o fluido para medir a quantidade dos gases combustíveis antes dissolvidos nele. Este estudo visa à melhoria na confiabilidade dos equipamentos projetados para detectar e monitorar o surgimento de gases inflamáveis no interior de transformadores de potência existentes em subestações de companhias de eletricidade. / Power transformers are some of the most important elements of electrical systems. The trustworthiness and the good functioning of this equipment permit power utilities to supply electricity with quality and security. One of the main parameters for transformer\'s operation normality is the state of the internal insulation formed by the mineral oil and the paper that covers the bobbins. Damages in this insulation cause its dielectric degradation and, consequently, the reduction of the equipment useful life. This degradation which originates from electrical, thermal, or even mechanical processes generates chemical products such as gases whose individual amounts may indicate the type of imperfection and gravity of the problem. That\'s why the detection of the main involved gases is important. This work intends to elaborate analyses and studies of the presence of inflammable gases dissolved in oil through the degradation of the insulating liquid. The principal topic of this work is the arc formation elaboration in the oil and later the heating of the oil to measure the amount of gases previously dissolved in it. This study also aims to improve the trustworthiness of the projected equipments in order to detect and monitor the sprouting of existing inflammable gases in the interior of power transformers in substations of power utilities.
347

Conception d'amplificateurs de puissance hautement linéaires à 60 GHz en technologies CMOS nanométriques / Design of highly linear 60GHz power amplifiers in nanoscale CMOS technologies

Larie, Aurélien 31 October 2014 (has links)
Dans le cadre des applications sans fil à 60GHz, l’amplificateur de puissance reste un des composants les plus compliqués à implémenter en technologie CMOS. Des modulations à enveloppe non constante obligent à concevoir des circuits hautement linéaires, conduisant à une consommation statique importante. La recherche de topologies et de techniques de linéarisation viables aux fréquences millimétriques fait l’objet de cette thèse. Dans un premier temps, un état de l’art des différents amplificateurs de puissance à 60GHz est dressé, afin d’en extraire l’ensemble des verrous technologiques limitant leurs performances. Suite à l’analyse des phénomènes physiques impactant les composants passifs, plusieurs structures d’amplificateurs élémentaires sont conçues dans les technologies 65nm et 28nm Bulk. Les topologies les plus pertinentes sont déduites de cette étude. Enfin, deux amplificateurs intégrant des techniques de combinaison de puissance et de linéarisation sont implémentés dans les technologies 65nm et 28nm FD-SOI. Ces deux circuits présentent les plus hauts facteurs de mérite ITRS publiés à ce jour. Le circuit en 28nm FD-SOI atteint en outre le meilleur compromis linéarité/consommation de l’état de l’art. / The CMOS 60GHz power amplifier (PA) remains one of the most design-challenging components. Indeed, a high linearity associated with a large back-off range are required due to complex modulated signals.In this context, this work focuses on the design of architectures and linearization techniques which are usable at millimeter-wave frequencies. First, a CMOS PA state of the art is presented to define all bottlenecks. Then, the physical phenomena impacting on passive device performances are described. Elementary PAs are implemented in CMOS 65nm and 28nm Bulk and the most suitable topologies are selected. Finally, two highly linear circuits are designed in 65nm Bulk and 28nm FD-SOI. They achieve the highest ITRS figures of merit reported to this day. In addition, the 28nm FD-SOI PA exhibits the best linearity/consumption tradeoff.
348

Modelling the transient response of windings, laminated steel coresand electromagnetic power devices by means of lumped circuits : With special reference to windings with a coaxial insulation system

Holmberg, Pär January 2000 (has links)
<p>Electromagnetic transients impinging on electromagnetic power devices - such as electric machines, transformers and reactors - can stress the design severely. Thus the magnitudes of the transients are often decisive for the design of the devices. Further, the operation of a device can be transient in itself. This is the case for the explosive magnetic flux compression generator (EMG) and a ferromagnetic actuator. </p><p>Models are presented that are mainly intended for transients in the millisecond range and faster. Hence, eddy currents and the related skin and proximity effect become significant in windings, magnetic cores and in the armatures of the devices. These effects are important for, e.g., the damping of the transients. Further, the displacement current in the insulation of the winding is significant. It changes the response of the windings dramatically, as it manifests the finite velocity of propagation of the electromagnetic fields. Under such circumstances, reflections and excited resonances can make the transient voltage and current distribution highly irregular. </p><p>Induced voltages are modelled with self and mutual inductances or reluctances combined with winding templates. The displacement currents are modelled with capacitances or coefficients of potential. Cauer circuits and their dual form are used to model eddy currents in laminated cores and in conductors. The Cauer circuit enables one to consider hysteresis and the non-linear response of a magnetic core. It is also used to model the eddy currents in the moving armature of an EMG. </p><p>A set-up is presented that can be used to study the transient voltage and the current distribution along a coil. </p><p>The transient response of coaxially insulated windings is analysed and modelled in detail. A lumped circuit model is developed for a coil, Dryformer<sup>TM</sup> - the new high-voltage transformer - and Powerformer<sup>TM</sup>, the new high-voltage generator. An alternative model, a combined lumped circuit and FEM model, is presented for a coaxially insulated winding in two slot cores.</p>
349

Modelling the transient response of windings, laminated steel coresand electromagnetic power devices by means of lumped circuits : With special reference to windings with a coaxial insulation system

Holmberg, Pär January 2000 (has links)
Electromagnetic transients impinging on electromagnetic power devices - such as electric machines, transformers and reactors - can stress the design severely. Thus the magnitudes of the transients are often decisive for the design of the devices. Further, the operation of a device can be transient in itself. This is the case for the explosive magnetic flux compression generator (EMG) and a ferromagnetic actuator. Models are presented that are mainly intended for transients in the millisecond range and faster. Hence, eddy currents and the related skin and proximity effect become significant in windings, magnetic cores and in the armatures of the devices. These effects are important for, e.g., the damping of the transients. Further, the displacement current in the insulation of the winding is significant. It changes the response of the windings dramatically, as it manifests the finite velocity of propagation of the electromagnetic fields. Under such circumstances, reflections and excited resonances can make the transient voltage and current distribution highly irregular. Induced voltages are modelled with self and mutual inductances or reluctances combined with winding templates. The displacement currents are modelled with capacitances or coefficients of potential. Cauer circuits and their dual form are used to model eddy currents in laminated cores and in conductors. The Cauer circuit enables one to consider hysteresis and the non-linear response of a magnetic core. It is also used to model the eddy currents in the moving armature of an EMG. A set-up is presented that can be used to study the transient voltage and the current distribution along a coil. The transient response of coaxially insulated windings is analysed and modelled in detail. A lumped circuit model is developed for a coil, DryformerTM - the new high-voltage transformer - and PowerformerTM, the new high-voltage generator. An alternative model, a combined lumped circuit and FEM model, is presented for a coaxially insulated winding in two slot cores.
350

Modeling And Design Of Iron-core Shunt Reactors With Discretely Distributed Air-gaps

Donuk, Atilla 01 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
In this research work detailed parallel and series equivalent circuits of a gapped iron-core shunt reactor with discretely distributed gaps are derived. The validity of the recommended equivalent circuits is verified by Finite Element Analysis and laboratory tests. Effects of fringing flux and discretely distributed gaps on inductance parameters and reactor losses are also investigated. Moving Strip Method for discretely distributed gapped shunt reactors is recommended. Two design procedures for shunt reactor with discretely distributed gaps are developed within the scope of this thesis. A simple and practical design approach is also developed which does not need any Finite Element Analysis software. This practical method is very useful for design engineers and researchers. The results of practical design approach are shown to be in good agreement with Finite Element Analysis and experimental work.

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