Current scholarship in translation pedagogy calls for a paradigm shift towards a learner-centered and socio-constructivist approach to translator education. This view is founded on translating as a socially situated act of intercultural communication anchored in socio-cognitive abilities, and translation learning as multi-componential and sequential. Instruction in translation is thus seen to benefit from process- rather than product-oriented teaching and a focus on learners' textual and discursive competence. In spite of significant progress over the last decade the empirical basis of translation teaching theory and methods remains scant. A lack of attention to the "human factor" in translator education research (students and educators, in favor of processes, content and activities) is particularly conspicuous (Kelly 2008). As the field of translation pedagogy consolidates with ever more refined frameworks that pull teaching designs away from teacher- and text-centered classes to become more learner and learning/teaching-based, little is known about the nature of translation pedagogy ‘on the ground’ in diverse locations of the globe: by whom and how is translation taught, under what constraints, and to what effects. This qualitative study is grounded in second language (L2) teacher cognition research (e.g. Borg 2006, Phipps and Borg 2009), representations of translation as 'inquiry' (Sakai 2010, Cronin 2000, 2003, Venuti 2016) and recent socio-constructivist and sequenced and process-focused translation teaching approaches (Kiraly 2000, Colina 2003, 2015, Hurtado Albir 1999, González Davies 2004, Kelly 2005). From these frameworks, it examines the professional biographies, knowledge base, beliefs and practices of Chilean translation instructors at three different universities, as well as the views and experiences of approximately 50 of these instructors' students regarding their understanding and experiences of translation and instruction in the classroom. Additionally, in order to contribute to the developing 'rapprochement' between translation studies and second language education, findings on the strengths and challenges of undergraduate translation pedagogy derived from these two studies are discussed in a third article in light of the contributions from socio-culturally-oriented L2 education research, particularly multiliteracies approaches to FL teaching (Kern 2000, Byrnes 2005, 2006, Maxim 2009, Kramsch 2011, 2006, Paesani et al. 2015, Swaffar and Arens 2005).

The number of translation programs within a university context has multiplied in many countries worldwide, which led to the need to question their quality (Gambier, 2012). In the Arab world, especially in the Gulf region, translator education is an emerging practice. For instance, in Qatar, the first translation programs were launched in 2012 at both Qatar University (BA minor in translation ) and the MA programs in translation studies at the Translation and Interpreting Institute (College of Humanities and Social Sciences; Hammad bin Khalifa University). Arabic scholars in the field of translation have highlighted the ongoing curriculum and pedagogical issues at the regional level. Many university programs in the Gulf region prefer to import foreign curriculum packages rather than invest in creating localized programs (Badry & Willoughly, 2015); hence, there is a need for programs relevant to the local and regional communities and contexts (Taibi, 2016). This could only be done through ground exploratory research to identify the problems and address them through a consensus process between the various stakeholders: academia, society and the profession. This doctoral thesis is a result of an exploratory and descriptive study carried out on the two existing translation programs in Qatar (a postgraduate program at the translation and interpreting Institute at Hammad Bin Khalifa University; and an undergraduate program at Qatar University) to identify the type of pedagogical and curricular practices in these institutions and align them with the findings from the practices in the translation and interpreting professions as well as translation professionals' perceptions in the state of Qatar. The present study has focused on the following objectives: 1) the identification and description of the professional translator profile in the Qatari context; 2) the identification of the pedagogical (teaching and learning) practices used in translation programs at Arabic universities in the Gulf region, such as Qatar; 3) knowledge required according to the opinions of professionals working in the field, and the competencies that these professionals believe should be developed in a translation program; and 4) a description of the necessary conditions to integrate such professional requirements in these types of professionally-oriented programs. The findings obtained from the study suggest that a knowledge of the working environments of translators and the required knowledge, skills and abilities to exercise the translation profession is crucial to a translation instructor as well as to a translation or interpreting curriculum developer. Such an awareness would result in the transfer of a different meaning of translation and translator status in society than the one it carries at present in Qatar. Also, there is a need to update the pedagogical and curriculum practices within a university context in Qatar to further integrate professionally oriented types of content, and adopt innovative pedagogies to educate multilingual service providers in the country. Although participants claimed that they are willing to integrate dynamic teaching practices, at the same time they also declared that they would keep the same curricular practices privileged by the institutions. The Interviewees from the profession reported the poor students’ performance in an internship in the local context. Other interviewed practising translators - who graduated from one of the translation programs in Qatar- suggested that the current modes of instruction need to be revised and that more situated, project and problem-based types of activities need to be implemented in the classroom. The results may be useful for teaching staff, instructors, administrators, and the management to improve and reconsider their existing curriculum and pedagogical practices within a university-based program by including the integration of research-based professional practices in the initial design of courses. The positive and consensus-based partnership between academic instances and the professional practitioners is a key solution in this regard. The addition or deletion of courses in a program and the focus on the importance of textbooks without diagnosing the social and community needs, as well the lack of a clear framework to assess faculty or instructor competency and eligibility to educate and train translators, has led to quality issues in existing programs.

Corpora and corpus-based resources have received much attention with regard to translator training, terminology, and specialized resource development. With a specialized monolingual corpus and a specialized online dictionary, the DiCoEnviro, we sought to provide insight into the usability and effectiveness of both types of resources in improving translation students’ comprehension and usage of specialized terminology in the field of the environment. We assessed a specialized corpus and the DiCoEnviro through three lenses adapted from the usability framework proposed by Nielsen (2001): effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. We used data ( screen recordings, questionnaires, translation exercises) collected from six translation students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs at the University of Ottawa School of Translation and Interpretation (UO-STI). Through quantitative and qualitative data analysis, we provide insight into the usability of both types of resources and into the prospective application of these findings in translator training programs and the development of specialized resources.

No description available.

Submitted by Talita Serpa null (talitasrp82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-30T12:14:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESETALITASERPAREPOSITÓRIO.pdf: 10059856 bytes, checksum: 445f9ebf547965cfaabf209381860bc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-02T16:50:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 serpa_t_dr_sjrp.pdf: 10059856 bytes, checksum: 445f9ebf547965cfaabf209381860bc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T16:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 serpa_t_dr_sjrp.pdf: 10059856 bytes, checksum: 445f9ebf547965cfaabf209381860bc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de observar comportamentos linguísticos e também sociais no âmbito da prática profissional da tradução (direção português ↔ inglês), principalmente no que concerne ao uso de brasileirismos; e, a fim de fornecer subsídios para o ensino e a aprendizagem dessas condutas, com base no uso de corpora e no emprego do conceito de habitus na formação de tradutores, realizamos duas Pesquisas subdivididas em três etapas, as quais se integram e se complementam nesta Tese de Doutoramento. Na parte 1 de nossa investigação, associamos bases epistemológicas, apoiando-nos na abordagem interdisciplinar proposta por Camargo (2005, 2007), e adotando o arcabouço dos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução (EVEN-ZOHAR, 1978; TOURY, 1978, 1995), dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000), da Linguística de Corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) e, em parte, da Terminologia (BARROS, 2004; FAULSTICH, 2004). Procuramos vincular noções sociológicas (SIMEONI, 1998; GOUANVIC, 1995, 1999, 2002, 2005; SELA-SHEFFY, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2005a, 2005b; INGHILLERI, 2003, 2005a, 2005b) e pedagógicas voltadas ao habitus (BOURDIEU, 1980, 1982; PERRENOUD, 2000, 2001; TARDIF, 2002) às discussões sobre competências (DIAZ FOUCES, 1999; HURTADO ALBIR, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2005) e sobre a utilização de corpora com tradutores aprendizes (ALVES, MAGALHÃES, PAGANO, 2000, 2005; TAGNIN, ALVES, 2010; ALVES, 2003; ALVES, MAGALHÃES, 2004; FROMM, 2008, 2009; BERBER SARDINHA, 2010; CAMARGO, 2011a, 2011b; LAVIOSA, 1995, 2008, 2009; ZANETTIN, BERNARDINI, STEWART, 2003). Em um segundo momento, procedemos a compilação de um corpus paralelo composto pela obra Maíra (1978), de autoria de Darcy Ribeiro; e pela respectiva tradução, realizada por Goodland e Colchie (1985). Também nos valemos dos glossários bilíngues de Antropologia da Civilização (2012), produzidos com base em duas obras ensaísticas do mesmo autor, de modo a cruzarmos os dados e observarmos as opções tradutórias, as quais, acreditamos, podem representar um conjunto de habilidades passível de ser ordenado em atividades a serem adotadas em sala de aula. Metodologicamente, o programa WordSmith Tools proporcionou-nos os recursos para o levantamento dos termos e para a análise dos aspectos sociais e terminológicos presentes na formulação de uma proposta de experienciação de alguns comportamentos profissionais do tradutor. Desse modo, tomamos por hipótese que a observação reflexiva sobre a tradução de brasileirismos, por meio da Linguística de Corpus, permite-nos fomentar uma Pedagogia da Tradução pautada na instrução do habitus tradutório. Quanto aos procedimentos de Goodland e Colchie, os resultados obtidos mostraram que os tradutores utilizaram: a) empréstimos da Língua Fonte para Língua Meta; b) normalização; c) traduções literais; d) omissões, entre outros traços. Podemos citar, como exemplos de empréstimos usados nos textos traduzidos, alguns termos como: “capanga”, “mameluco” e “paçoca”. Os resultados apontaram ainda para a intensa variação na tradução dos brasileirismos, fator que pode permitir ao estudante notar distinções de significado entre termos, principalmente no que diz respeito ao universo da sociedade brasileira, como, por exemplo, em: “miçangas”: beads/ glass beads/beads ornaments/ little beads/ crystal beads. Por fim, na parte 3 de nossa Tese, convertemos os dados e as teorizações em um exercício e aplicamos entre os matriculados em um curso de Bacharelado em Letras com Habilitação em Tradução de uma Universidade Pública do Estado de São Paulo. Procuramos fornecer-lhes um amplo cabedal de estratégias, a partir de glossários, listas de palavras de maior frequência e chavicidade, gráficos e tabelas, os quais comporiam os alicerces de suas competências. Também desenvolvemos um trabalho em que os estudantes puderam verificar suas próprias escolhas para brasileirismos nos textos darcynianos e conceber os principais aspectos relacionados à formulação de um habitus coparticipado e internalizado, discutindo suas diferentes interpretações. Por fim, esperamos que essa configuração possa promover a assimilação de saberes que são vislumbrados por meio de asserções de um suporte teórico e metodológico direcionado a procedimentos tradutórios profissionais baseados em corpora. / The main purpose of this Thesis is to investigate the linguistic and also social behaviors within (Portuguese ↔ English) professional practice in Translation area, particularly related to the usage of Brazilianisms; and, to provide subsidies for teaching and learning these conducts, based on the use of corpora and on the appliance of the concept of habitus in translators’ education. Therefore, we proceeded two Studies, divided in three steps, which are integrated and which complete themselves in this Dissertation. The first part of our investigation associated epistemological foundations, considering Camargo’s interdisciplinary proposal (2005,2007) and adopting the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies (EVEN-ZOHAR, 1978; TOURY, 1978, 1995), of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000), of Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and, in part, of Terminology (BARROS, 2004; FAULSTICH, 2004). It also promoted a link among sociological (SIMEONI, 1998; GOUANVIC, 1995, 1999, 2002, 2005, SELA-SHEFFY, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2005a, 2005b; INGHILLERI, 2005a, 2005b) and pedagogical ideas related to habitus (BOURDIEU 1980, 1982; PERRENOUD, 2000, 2001; TARDIF, 2002), discussions about competences (DIAZ FOUCES, 1999; HURTADO ALBIR, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2005) and corpora for training translators (ALVES, MAGALHÃES, PAGANO, 2000, 2005; TAGNIN, ALVES, 2010; ALVES, 2003; ALVES, MAGALHAES, 2004; FROMM, 2008, 2009; BERBER SARDINHA, 2004, 2010; CAMARGO, 2011a, 2011b; LAVIOSA, 1995, 2008, 2009; ZANETTIN, BERNARDINI, STEWART, 2003). During the second part of this study, we compiled a parallel corpus composed by Darcy Ribeiro’s novel, Maíra (1978), and by its respective translation, performed by Goodland and Colchie (1985). We also used two Social Anthropology of Civilization bilingual glossaries (2012) based on essayistic works written by the same author, so as to compare data and to observe translational options, which possibly represent a set of skills that can be ordered in activities to be adopted in classroom. Methodologically, the program WordSmith Tools provided the resources for collecting terms and for observing sociocultural and terminological aspects which are present in our proposal of experiencing professional behaviors. Therefore, we considered as hypothesis that the reflexive analysis about translational practices related to Brazilianisms, using Corpus Linguistics as technique, allow the development of a Translation Pedagogy proposition based on learning translational habitus. Concerning Goodland and Colchie’s performances, results showed that the translators used: a) loans from Source Language into Target Language; b) normalization; c) literal translations; d) omissions, among other features. As examples of loans, we can mention some terms as “capanga”, “mameluco” and “paçoca”. The results also pointed to the strong variation in the translation of the Brazilianisms, condition that may concede the students of Translation to notice distinctions in meaning among anthropological terms, especially in relation to the universe of Brazilian society, such as in: “miçangas”:beads/ glass beads/beads ornaments/ little beads/ crystal beads. In the third part, we organized the data and theories in an exercise structured for students registered in a Bachelor degree in Letters with professional qualification for Translation in a São Paulo State public university. We offered an extensive assortment of strategies to the students, through glossaries, lists of frequency and keyness, graphics and squares that would compound the foundations of their competences. We also develop a translational work in which the trainees could verify their own choices for Brazilianisms in Ribeiro’s texts as well as understand the main aspects related to the creation of a shared and internalized habitus, discussing different interpretations. We hope this configuration may promote the assimilation of knowledges which are noticed through the statements of a theoretical and methodological support directed to professional procedures based on corpora for Translation. / FAPESP: 2013-10882-0

[pt] Esta dissertação se insere no contexto das discussões contemporâneas sobre abordagens às tecnologias da tradução na formação universitária de tradutores profissionais. Este estudo parte de uma análise de um afastamento percebido entre ensino universitário e prática profissional no âmbito estrito da formação de tradutores para investigar o papel do tratamento dispensado às tecnologias da tradução nessa conjuntura. Para tanto, como base teórica e metodológica, este trabalho usa postulados dos Estudos da Tradução sobre o objeto de seus ramos descritivos e aplicados e os estudos desenvolvidos pela pedagogia da tradução em torno do que seriam competências tradutórias para, então, propor um modo de inserção da tecnologia no processo de formação de tradutores. É feita, então, uma inclusão das tecnologias da tradução no contexto dos modernos Estudos de Ciência e Tecnologia em seus aspectos descritivos - notadamente os trabalhos sobre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) e a Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) - para verificar expectativas sobre processos e resultados da tradução por causa da presença intensiva da tecnologia. Por fim, com base nas inter-relações expostas pelo exame anterior, este estudo sugere uma forma de abordagem às tecnologias da tradução na universidade que contribua para valorizar a universidade, reduzir o afastamento percebido entre ensino universitário e prática da tradução e destacar as pesquisas acadêmicas da tradução como protagonistas no âmbito das Humanidades Digitais. / [en] This work follows the contemporary discussions on how to approach the translation technologies in the education of professional translators. This study starts with an analysis of a perceived distance between university education and professional practice in the strict framework of translators training and education, and then investigates the role that current approaches to translation technology play in that scenario. Therefore, as a theoretical and methodological basis, this work uses postulates from Translation Studies on the object of their descriptive and applied branches, and from the translation pedagogy studies on translational competences, to propose a mode of inserting technology in the translator education process. Then, the translation technologies are included in the modern context of Science and Technology Studies in their descriptive aspects - notably the Science, Technology and Society (STS) studies, and the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) approach - in order to check expectations on translation processes and results associated with the intensive presence of translation technologies. Finally, based on the interrelations found during investigations, this study suggests an approach to translation technology at the university that would contribute to distinguish the university, reduce the distance perceived between university education and translation practice, and highlight the academic translation research as protagonist within the Digital Humanities studies.