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Study to present a lexical-semantics analysis of two verbs in Xhosa. / Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / Study to present a lexical-semantics analysis of two verbs in Xhosa. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to present a lexical-semantics analyis of the verbs -phambuka and -jika in Xhosa. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the study as a whole, including reference to the aims of the research, the Theoretical Framework assumed and the organisation of the study. In Chapter 2, the Generative theory of the lexicon is reviewed. The multiple levels of representation of the different kinds of lexical information are discussed, including Argument structure, Event structure, Qualia structure and also the Lexical Inheritance structure. Chapter 3 presents a discussion of the polysemy of the verbs with reference to -phambuka. The polysemous behaviour of the verb -phambuka is examined with reference to sentence alternation constructions illustrating how the properties of the event structure of the verb changes in the alternations. Chapter 4 examines the polysemy of the verb -jika. The polysemous behaviour of the verb -jika is examined with reference to sentence alternation constructions that demonstrate the properties of the event structure of this verb in the respective alternations with AgentlTheme subject in contrast to Location-subject constructions. Chapter 5 presents a summary of the main findings and the conclusion of the study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstelling van hierdie studie is om 'n leksikaal-semantiese analise te doen van die bewegingswerkwoorde -phambuka ('afdraai') en -jika ('draai') in Xhosa. Hoofstuk 1 bied 'n oorsig van die studie as geheel, insluitende die stel van die doelstellings van die studie, die teoretiese raamwerk wat aanvaar word, en die organisasie van die studie. In Hoofstuk 2, word die Generatiewe Leksikon Teorie behandel. Die veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die tipes semantiese inligting benodig, word ondersoek. Hierdie vlakke is naamlik die Argumentstruktuur, Gebeurtenisstruktuur ('Event structure'), Qualia struktuur, en Leksikale erfenisstruktuur. Hoofstuk 3 bied 'n bespreking van die polisemie van werkwoorde met verwysing na -phambuka in Xhosa. Die polisemiese gedrag van -phambuka word ondersoek met verwysing na alternasiekonstruksies, wat illustreer het hoe veranderings in die alternasies verband hou met gebeurtenis-struktuur eienskappe van die werkwoord. Hoofstuk 4 ondersoek die polisemie van die werkwoord -jika in Xhosa. Die polisemiese gedrag van die werkwoord -jika word ondersoek met verwysing na sinsalternasie konstruksies wat die eienskappe van gebeurtenis struktuur van die werkwoord illustreer in die respektiewelike alternasies met AgentrTema subjek, in teenstelling met Lokasie-subjek konstruksies. Hoofstuk 5 bied die hoofbevindinge en 'n opsomming van die studie.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with the lexical semantic analysis of motion verbs -za and -ya in Xhosa. In Chapter 1 the aim of the study is stated vividly. The characteristics and properties about the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -za and -ya as well as the generative lexicon theory by Pustojovsky (1996) are discussed. The theoretical framework and the organisation of study are also discussed in this Chapter. In Chapter 2 we address in more detail the type for semantics. A generative theory of the lexicon includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. Amongst the levels there are structures such as Arguments, Event, Oualia and Inheritance structure. This structure of Oualia and the role they play in giving out the functional behaviour of words and phrases in composition is represented in more detail. Chapters 3 and 4 address the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -za and -ya to account for the variety of selectional properties of the noun phrase subject argument of the verbs -za and -ya and the various interpretations that arises the terms of composition with its polysemous behaviour of the verbs -za and -ya are examined in sentence alternation constructions with respect to event structure characteristics. The lexical representation in terms of argument structures and the event structure of the verbs -za and -ya in different sentences and also explored. The different meanings of the lexicon in the different sentences are also explored. Chapter 5 is the conclusion, the critical analysis of the findings of all 4 Chapters in this study on lexical semantic analysis of the motion verbs -za and -ya in the Xhosa language. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die leksikaal semantiese eienskappe van die bewegingswerkwoorde -za en -ya in Xhosa. In hoofstuk een word die doelstelling van die studie uiteengesit. Die teorie van Generatiewe Leksikon van Pustejovsky word kortliks bepreek, wat die teoretiese raamwerk is van die studie. Laastens word die organisasie van die studie bespreek in hierdie hoofstuk. In hoofstuk 2 bespreek ons in groter besonderhede die model van Generatiewe Leksikon teorie. 'n Generatiewe teorie van die leksikon sluit in veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die verskillande tipes leksikalle inligting wat benodig word. Tussen die vlakke daar is strukture soos is Argumentstruktuur, Handeling struktuur, Qualia en die rol wat dit speel in die verspreidig van die funksionele gedrag van woorde en frases in kombinasie, word ook in meer besondere bespreek. Hoofstuk 3 en 4 ondersoek die leksikaal semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -za en -ya en die verskeidenheid interpretasies wat beskikbaar is vir -za en -ya in kombinasie met die komplement argumente daarvan. Die polisemiese gedrag van die werkwoorde - za en -ya word ondersoek in sinsalternasiekonstrukusies ten opsigte van die gebeurtenis struktuur. Die leksikale representasie in terme van argument struktuur en die gebeurtenis struktuur van die werkwoorde -za en -ya in verskillende sinne met verskillende seleksiekenwerke van die subjek, word ook ondersoek. Die verskillende representasis van -ya en -za leksikon vir verskillende sinne word ook ondersoek. Hoofstuk 5 bied 'n samevatting van die studie, en gee die vernaamste bevindings van die vorige hoofstukke van hierdie studie oor die leksikaal semantise analise van die werkwoorde -za en -ya in Xhosa.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the lexical semantics of the motion verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, jikeleza and -tyibilika in Xhosa. In Chapter 1 the aims of the study are stated. Properties about the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika as well as the generative lexicon theory posited by Pustejovsky (1996) are discussed. The theoretical framework as it relates to the analyses and the organisation of study are also outlined in this chapter. Chapter 2 addresses in more detail the type system for semantics. The generative theory of the lexicon postulated by Pustejovsky includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. Among such levels are argument structure, event structure, qualia structure and inheritance structure. Chapter 2 also represents in more detail the qualia structure and the role they play in distributing the functional behaviour of words and phrases in composition. Chapter 3 examines the lexical semantics of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika to account for the range of selectional properties of the NP subject arguments of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika and the various interpretations that arise in terms of composition with its complement arguments. The polysemous behaviour of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika is examined in sentence alternation construction with respect to event structure properties. The lexical representation in terms of argument structure and event structure of the verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika in different sentences is also investigated. Chapter 4 is the conclusion of the study, and presents a summary of the findings of the previous chapters on the lexical semantic analysis of the motion verbs -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza and -tyibilika in Xhosa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die leksikale semantiek van die bewegingswerkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika in Xhosa. In Hoofstuk 1 word die doelstellings van die studie uiteengesit. Eienskappe van die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika word bespreek. Die raamwerk van die Generatiewe Leksikon teorie, soos gepostuleer deur Pustejovsky (1996) word ook bespreek. Die teoretiese raamwerk en organisasie van die studie word ook in hierdie hoofstuk uit een gesit. Hoofstuk 2 behandel in meer besonderhede die teorie van Generatiewe Leksikon, in die besonder die semantiese tipe sisteem. Die Generatiewe teorie van die Leksikon soos ontwikkel deur Pustejovsky bevat veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die verskillende tipes leksikale inligting benodig. Hierdie vlakke sluit in: Argumentstruktuur, Gebeurtenisstruktuur, Oualiastruktuur, en Leksikale erwingstruktuur. Hoofstuk 2 gee ook 'n meer gedetaileerde oorsig van die Oualia struktuur en die rol wat dit speel in die funksionele gedrag van woorde en frases in komposisie met mekaar. Hoofstuk 3 ondersoek die leksikale semantiek van die werkwoorde -qengqeleka, - tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika om 'n verklaring te gee vir die verskeidenheid seleksiebeperkings van hierdie werkwoorde en die verskeidenheid interpretasies wat na vore kom in terme van die komposisie van hierdie werkwoorde met hulle komplement argumente. Die polisemiese gedrag van hierdie werkwoorde word verder ook ondersoek met betrekking tot die gebeurtenisstruktuur ('event structure') eienskappe daarvan. Die leksikale representasie in terme van argumentstruktuur en gebeurtenisstruktuur van die werkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika in verskillende sinne word ondersoek. Hoofstuk 4 is die konklusie van die studie, en bied 'n opsomming van die hoofbevindinge van die voorafgaande hoofstukke oor die leksikaal-semantiese analises van die bewegingswerkwoorde -qengqeleka, -tshona, -jikeleza en -tyibilika. / ISISHWANKATHELO Esi sifundo siphonononga uhlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi zentshukumo - qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika. UMongo wesifundo uxeliwe kwisahluko 1. Iziphumo zohlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika ngokunjalo nengcingane yelekhisikoni evelisayo ngokuka Pustejovsky (1996) zixoxiwe. Ubume bengcingane kunye nolungiselelo Iwesifundo zikwaxoxiwe kwesi sahluko. Isahluko 2 siyila indlela emisiweyo yohlobo Iwesemantiki yethu. Ingcingane evelisayo yelekhisikoni iquka imigangatho emininzi yenkcazelo ngokwentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifuna ulwazi Iwesemantiki. Eminye yale migangatho lulwakhiwo Iwe-adyumenti, ulwakhiwo Iwesiyaneko, ulwakhiwo Iwekhwaliya kunye nolwakhiwo loêalo. Isahluko 2 sikwabonisa ngokucace kakhulu ngolwakhiwo Iwekhwaliya ngendima edlaliweyo ekusasazeni impatho yomsebenzi wamagama namabinzana kwindibaniso. Isahluko 3 sivavanya uhlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika ngokwengcaciso yodweliso Iweempawu ezikhethiweyo zeadyumenti yebinzana lesibizo esiyintloko sezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika kunye notoliko olwahlukeneyo oluvela ngokwamagama endibaniso ngokweadyumenti yemfezekiso. Impatho yentsingiselo ezininzi zezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika ivavanyiwe kulwakhiwo lotshintshwano Iwezivakalisi ngokuhlomela iimpawu zolwakhiwo Iwesiganeko. Inkcazelo yelekhisikoni ngokwamagama olwakhiwo Iwe-adyumenti kunye nolwakhiwo Iwesiganeko sezenzi u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika kwiziVakalisi ezahlukeneyo zikwaphengululiwe. Isahluko 4 sisiqukumbelo, esishwankathela iziphumo zezahluko ezingaphambili kwesi sifundo kuhlalutyo Iwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yezenzi zentshukumo u- qengqeleka, tshona, jikeleza notyibilika kwisiXhosa.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the lexical semantic analysis of -bamba, -gcina and -Iondoloza. In chapter 1 the aim of the study is stated. Properties about the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -bamba, -geina, and -Iondoloza as well as the generative lexicon theory by Pustejovsky (1996) are discussed. The theoretical framework and the organisation of study are also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 2 addresses in more detail the type system for semantics. A generative theory of the lexicon includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. Among such levels are Argument Structure, Event Structure, Qualia Structure and Leical Inheritance Structure. Chapter 2 also represents in more detail thé structure of qualia and the role they play in distributing the functional behaviour of words and phrases in composition. Chapter 3 examines the lexical semantic analysis of the verbs -bamba, -gcina and - londoloza to account for the range of selectional properties of the NP subject argument of these verbs, and the various interpretations that arise in terms of composition with their complement arguments. The polysemous behaviour of the verbs -bamba, -gcina and - londoloza are examined in sentence alternation constructions with respect to event structure properties. The lexical representation in terms of argument structure and the event structure of the verbs -bamba, -gcina and -Iondoloza in different sentences are also investigated. Chapter 4 is the conclusion, summarising the findings of all the previous chapters in this study on lexical semantic analysis of the 'hold' verbs -bamba, -gcina and -Iondoloza in Xhosa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die 'hou' werkwoorde - bamba, -gcina en -Iondoloza in Xhosa. In hoofstuk 1 word die doelstellings van die studie uiteengesit. Die teorie van Generatiewe Leksikon van Pustejovsky word ook kortliks bespreek, wat die teoretiese raamwerk is van di studie. Laastens word die organisasie van die studie bespreek. Hoofstuk 2 bespreek in grote besonderhede die model van Generatiewe Leksikon teorie. 'n Generatiewe teorie van die leksikon sluit in veelvuldige vlakke van representasie vir die verskillende tipes leksikale inligting wat benodig word. Hierdie vlakke van representasie sluit in die Argument struktuur, Gebeure ('Event') struktuur, Qualia struktuur en Leksikale Erf (Inheritance) struktuur. Hoofstuk 2 bied ook in meer detail die struktuur van qualia en die rol wat dit speel in die verspreiding van die funksionele gedrag van woorde en frases in kombinasie. Hoofstuk 3 ondersoek die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -bamba, - gcina en -Iondoloza en die verskeidenheid interpretasies wat beskikbaar is vir hierdie werkwoorde in kombinasie met die komplement argument daarvan. Die polisemiese gedrag van die werkwoorde -bamba, -gcina en -Iondoloza word ondersoek in sinsalternasiekonstruksies ten opsigte van die gebeure ('event') struktuur. Die leksikale representasie in terme van argument struktuur en die gebeurestruktuur van hierdie werkwoorde in verskillende sinne met verskillende seleksiekenmerke van die subjek, word ook ondersoek. Hoofstuk 4 is die samevatting van die studie, wat 'n opsomming bied van die vernaamste bevindings van al die vorige hoofstukke van hierdie studie oor die leksikaal-semantiese analise van die werkwoorde -bamba, -gcina en -Iondoloza.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The break and bend verbs in Sesotho are investigated with a view to account for the unique properties of these verbs. The study gives a full account of the predicate argument structure of break and bend verbs. In Sesotho we have three types of predicates, namely, one-place, two-place and three-place predicates. The study also focuses on the number of arguments these verbs may assign. Some of these verbs are intransitive and therefore they assign one argument, which is an external argument. Other verbs are transitive and as such they assign more than one argument (i.e. external and internal arguments). These verbs are investigated as to whether they would select certain arguments to appear with them and it was found that when they do, they also select semantic features which these arguments must have in order to appear with such verbs. These verbs are also examined with the view to account for their difference. It was found that certain bend verbs show the same syntactic properties as the break verbs, except those bend verbs name reverse actions. Another observation was that not all break and bend verbs have zero-related nominaIs. When they do, the nominals describe the result of the action named by the verb. The study investigate these verbs as to whether they would allow cognate objects, verbal alternations and derived verbs (in the case of bend verbs), and it was found that some of them would allow such lexical items. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die breek en buig werkwoorde in Sesotho is ondersoek met die doel om die unieke kenmerke van hierdie werkwoorde te bepaal. Die studie verskaf 'n beskrywing van die predikaat argumentstruktuur van breek en buig werkwoorde in Sesotho. Ons het drie tipes predikate, te wete eenplek, tweeplek en drieplek predikate. Die studie fokus ook op die aantal argumente wat hierdie werkwoorde kan toeken. Sommige van hierdie werkwoorde is onoorganklik, derhalwe ken hulle een argument toe wat ekstern is. Ander werkwoorde is oorganklik, sodat meer as een argument, te wete ekstern en intern, toegeken word. Daar is ook ondersoek of hierdie werkwoorde argumente kan selekteer om met hulle te verskyn, en dit is bevind dat as hulle dit doen, hulle ook die semantiese kenmerk selekteer wat hierdie argumente moet he as hulle saam met daardie werkwoorde verskyn. Hierdie werkwoorde is ondersoek met die doel om hul verskil te bepaal. Daar is bevind dat sommige buig werkwoorde dieselfde sintaktiese eienskappe het as die breek werkwoorde, behalwe dat buig werkwoorde ook reversiet is. 'n Verdere kenmerk is dat nie alle breek en buig werkwoorde voorkom met nul-verwante nominaIe. As hulle dit doen, beskryf die nominale die uitslag van die handeling in die werkwoord. Daar is ondersoek of kognitiewe voorwerpe, werkwoord alternasies en afgeleide werkwoorde toegelaat kan word, en daar is bevind dat sommiges dit toelaat.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores selected motion verbs in Xitsonga within the framework of lexical sementics postulated by Pustejovsky (1995). This study examines the polysemy of the respective selected motion verbs in sentences with various noun subject types in Xitsonga. The motion verbs examined are: -~ (go), -@_ (come), -famba (go away), -baleka (run away), -kasa (crawl), -khandziya (climb up) and -gonya (ascend). Syntactically, these verbs occur in example sentences as evidenced below: The subject NP is [human] Sipho u ya ekaya hi milenge. Sipho is going home on foot. The subject NP is [inanimate] Tafuia ri tile exikolweni hi movha. The table is delivered at school by car. The subject NP is [weather noun] : Mpfula yi fambile etikweni. The rain has stopped in the country. Nkwangulatilo wu khandziya entshaveni. Rainbow climbs up to the mountain. Moya wo kasa. The wind is blowing slowly. The subject NP is [concrete noun]: Vuswa byi fambile emasin'wini. Food is carried to the field. Mugayo wu gonyile emakete. Maize meal is expensive in the market. The subject NP is [abstract noun] : Rivengo ri fambile eka vanhu. Hatred has ended from people. The subject NP is [natural phenomenon] Dyambu ri balekile emapapeni. The sun is very hot in the sky. The study explores the selected motion verbs and establishes the specific properties of selection restrictions, assignment of arguments as well as the event structure or sentences with the motion verbs. Lastly, the lexical conceptual paradigm is examined in order to determine the different senses or meanings of the motion verbs. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek geselekteerde bewegingswerkwoorde in Xitstonga binne die raamwerk van die leksikale semantiek ontwikkel deur Pustejovsky (1995). Die studie ondersoek die polisemie van die onderskeie bewegingswerkwoorde in sinne met verskillende onderwerp tipes in Xitsonga. Die bewegingswerkswoorde wat ondersoek word is: -Y.ê_ (gaan), -ta (kom), -famba (weggaan), -baleka (hardloop), -kasa (kruip), -khandziya (klim) and -gonya (daai) .. Hierdie werkwoorde verskyn sintakties in voorbeelde soos hier onder geillustreer: Die subjek NP is [mens] Sipho u ya ekaya hi milenge. Sipho gaan huis toe per voet. Die subjek NP is [nie-lewend] Tafuia ri tile exikolweni hi movha. Die tafel gaan na die skool per motor, d.i. die tafel word per motor afgelewer by die skool. Die subjek NP is [weer naamwoord]: Mpfula yi fambile etikweni. Die reën het weggegaan (gestop) in die land Nkwangulatilo wu khandziya entshaveni. Die reënboog klim teen die berg op. Moya wo kasa. Die wind kruip, d.i. waai stadig Die subjek NP is [konkrete naamwoord]: Vuswa byi fambile emasin'wini. Kos het gegaan (is geneem) na die land Mugayo wu gonyile emakete. Mieliemeel het gestyg in die mark Die subjek NP is [abstrakte naamwoord]:Rivengo ri fambile eka vanhu. Haat het geëindig by mense Die subjek NP is [natural phenomenon] Dyambu ri balekile emapapeni. Die son het weggehardloop uit die lug, d.i. dit is baie warm. Die studie ondersoek die geselekteerde bewegingswerkwoorde en stel vas wat die spesifieke eienskappe is van seleksiebeperkings, toekenning van argumente en die gebeurtenis struktuur van sinne met die bewegingswerkwoorde. Laastens word die leksikale konseptueie paradigma ondersoek ten einde die verskillende betekenisonderskeidings van die bewegingswerkwoorde vas te stel.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of this study is the polysemy of the motion verbs in Sesotho. Motion verbs can be classified as verbs of process or transition. This study examines the semantic and the syntactic properties of motion verbs in Sesotho. These motion verbs include verbs denoting process e.g. -ya, -tla, -tsamaya, -baleha, -nyoloha and -theoha as shown in the sentences below: a. Monna 0 ya toropong. 'The man goes to town' b. Bashanyana ba tsamaya thoteng. 'The boys walk in the veld' c. Bana ba tla hae. 'The children come home' d. Bashemane ba balehile mophatong. 'The initiates run away from the initiation school' e. Tshwene e theoha sefateng. 'The baboon descends from the tree' f. Banna ba nyoloha thaba. 'Men ascend the mountain' The study demonstrates that motion verbs in Sesotho are semantically divided into verbs denoting 'to go' e.g. -ya, verbs denoting 'to walk', e.g. -tsamaya, verbs denoting 'to run away', e.g. -baleha, verbs denoting to ascend, e.g. -nyoloha, verbs denoting to descend, e.g. -theoha. The study further demonstrates that these verbs are canonically intransitive. The study provides evidence that motion verbs are characterized by specific selection restrictions and event structures. The study further demonstrates that motion verbs are used with different subjects denoting (groups of) people, animals, abstract nouns, mass nouns, nouns denoting food, intoxicating and nonintoxicating liquids, natural phenomena, artifacts, natural object, possession/property, humans and animals. Lastly the lexical conceptual paradigm, providing the different word senses of each verb, is examined. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van hierdie studie is die polisemie van bewegingswerkwoorde m Sesotho. Bewegingswerkwoorde kan gekarakteriseer word as werkwoorde van proses (aktiwiteit) of transisie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die semantiese en sintaktiese eienskappe van bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho. Hierdie werkwoorde sluit in werkwoorde wat 'n proses (aktiwiteit) aandui, byvoorbeeld -~, -tla, -tsamaya, -baleha, -nyoloha en -theoha, soos geïllustreer in die volgende sinne: a. Monna 0 ya toropong. 'Die man gaan dorp toe' b. Bashanyana ba tsamaya thoteng. 'Die seuns loop in die veld' c. Bana ba tla hae. 'Die kinders gaan huis toe' d. Bashemane ba balehile mophatong. 'Die inisiante hardloop weg van die inisiasieskool' e. Tshwene e theoha sefateng. 'Die bobbejaan daal afuit die boom' f. Banna ba nyoloha thaba. 'Die mans bestyg die berg' Die studie demonstreer dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho semanties geklassifiseer kan word in werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te gaan', bv. -~, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te loop', bv. -tsamaya, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om (weg) te hardloop', bv. -baleha, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te bestyg', bv. -nyoloha, en werkwoorde wat beteken 'om afte daal', bv. -theoha. Die studie demonstreer verder dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho tiperend onoorganklik is. Daar word aangetoon dat hierdie werkwoorde gekenmerk word deur spesifieke seleksiebeperkings en gebeure-strukture ('event structures'). Die studie toon op uitgebreide wyse aan dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho met onderwerpe gebruik kan word wat verskillende semantiese tipes verteenwoordig, en wat verskillende kenmerke het, insluitende onderwerpe wat menslike individue, groepe mense of diere aandui, abstrakte naamwoorde, massanaamwoorde, voedsel, vloeistowwe, natuurlike verskynsels, artifakte, natuurlike voorwerpe, of be sittings.

Thesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the morpho-syntactic and semantic properties, specifically tense and aspectual properties, of deficient verbs in Xitsonga. Various properties of deficient verbs have given rise to a distinction in verbal categories. Among these a range of features are explored in the study with the aim of establishing whether they playa significant role in relevant linguistic questions: The research on the deficient verb involves questions from three theoretical areas, namely Syntax, Morphology and Semantics. Deficient verbs in Xitsonga and related African languages are generally subcategorized for a clausal complement as illustrated in the following example: [a-hi-hamba [hi-rima laha]] [We-did-usually [plough here]] In the above sentence the deficient verb is hamba and it is followed by a compulsory clause as complement. The main properties of deficient verbs explored in this study relate to the following phenomena: • The deficient verb determines the selection of the mood in Inflection of the clausal complement. • The clausal complement of a deficient verb must have compulsory agreement of its subject with the subject of the matrix clause. • The deficient verbs lack the property which is characteristic of the autonomous verbs i.e. that they may be extended by derivative affixes such as the applicative or causative. • Deficient verbs have distinctive semantic features which are related to two inflectional categories, i.e. aspect and tense. This study concludes that the deficient verbs may express several meanings, including meanings related to duration, habitual, frequentative, progressive, obligative, manner, continuative, concessive and completive. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die sintaktiese en semantiese, in die besonder die tydvorm- en aspek-eienskappe van hulpwerkwoorde in Xitsonga. 'n Verskeidenheid kenmerke van hulpwerkwoorde het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat 'n onderskeid getref word ten opsigte van werkwoordkategorieë. Hieronder word 'n verskeidenheid kenmerke ondersoek ten einde vas te stelof dit 'n beduidende rol speel in relevante linguistiese vrae. Die navorsing van hierdie studie behels vrae vanuit drie teoretiese velde, naamlik die morfologie, sintaksis, en semantiek. Hulpwerkwoorde in Xitsonga en verwante Afrikatale word gesubkategoriseer vir 'n sinskomplement, soos geïllustreer in die volgende voorbeeld: [A-hi-hamba [hi-rima laha]] [Ons het gewoonlik [ons ploeg hier]], d.i. ons het gewoonlik hier geploeg In die bogenoemde sin is hamba die hulpwerkwoord en dit word gevolg deur 'n verpligte sinskomplement. Die sentrale kenmerke van hulpwerkwoorde wat in hierdie studie ondersoek word hou verband met die volgende verskynsels: • Die hulpwerkwoord bepaal die seleksie van modus in die Infleksie van die sinskomplement. • Die sinskomplement van 'n hulpwerkwoord moet verpligte kongruensie toon van die subjek daarvan met die subjek van die matriksin. • Die hulpwerkwoord kort die eienskap wat kenmerkend is van outonome werkwoorde, naamlik, dat hulle afleidingsuffikse kan neem, soos die applikatief -el- en die kousatief -is. • Hulpwerkwoorde het onderskeidende semantiese kenmerke wat verband hou met twee infleksie kategorieë, nl. aspek en tydvorm. Die studie kon tot die gevolgtrekking dat hulpwerkwoorde 'n verskeidenheid betekennis kan uitdruk, insluitende betekenisse wat verband hou met tydsduur, habitueel, frekwentatief, progressief, verpligting, wyse, voortdurendheid, toegewing en kompletief.