This thesis investigates how the opening in the envelope of a typical Swedish commercial residential project could be treated differently from today. Instead of using the openings only to create a unique facade or to reach a certain daylight factor I try to find out how the openings could be treated in a manner affecting the perception of the interior space. Conscious use of qualities related to the opening, such as daylight and view has been used as a design tool. This project is not to be seen as a traditional design project but as an investigation about daylight and openings in commercial residential architecture in Sweden today. Also the project is looking into the industry’s relation to the subject of daylight.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Windows are a significant feature of building construction that have largely escaped notice in terms of their design and fabrication in America from the time of European colonization to the mid-nineteenth century. This thesis tells the story of the glass, woodworking, and hardware technologies that transformed windows from hand-crafted to mass-produced building components. It also explores the stylistic, social, and economic factors that underlie the development and usage of windows in America. / Department of Architecture

In the recent past it has been found that a considerable pressure drop occurred during the extrusion of linear polyethylene in the course of capillary flow. The pressure drop resides within a narrow temperature window of one to two degrees Celsius. In this research the hydrodynamic condition and molecular origin of the extrusion window of linear polymer were investigated further. The advantage of the extrusion window, viz. smooth extrudate with less die swell ratio attained at low extrusion pressure and temperature, has potential in industrial applications. However, the extrusion window, corresponding to linear polyethylene (PE) with relatively low polydispersity (<7), has a narrow window temperature interval, circa 1~2°C, thus it could not be applied to industrial scale processing at the industrial scale. To have a fundamental insight and make the process industrially viable, research in this thesis was devoted to broaden the extrusion window to tolerate the thermal fluctuations in conventional processing. To achieve this goal molecular weight dependence of window temperature and flow criticalities is revealed. The hydrodynamic conditions of the extrusion window observed in a rate-controlled rheometer and stick-slip flow studied in a stress-controlled rheometer could be traced back to the same origin, viz. slip flow arises due to the disentanglement of adsorbed chains on capillary wall from free chains in the bulk. Secondly, a dual window effect was uncovered in the course of capillary flow of a bimodal PE, which is consistent with the window temperature dependence on molecular weight. Moreover, it was found that flow induced orientation within the window effect is even less than that observed in steady state flow at a relatively low shear rate. This implies that in the window region only relaxed free chains are extruded through the capillary die and most of the adsorbed chains, which could be disengaged from the entangled melt, remain sticking to the inner capillary wall. This observation is consistent with the hydrodynamic origin of high-surface-energy-die slip flow. Finally, a unimodal linear PE with extremely broad molecular weight distribution, i.e. polydispersity (PDI) is 27, showed a broad window effect, circa 8°C, at an appropriate apparent shear rate. The molecular origin of such a broad window effect is due to its broad molecular weight distribution. These results have further implications for energy efficient processing.

This diploma thesis offers insight into the issue of window, into the variability of the issue and its usage during art lessons in the lower secondary schools. The first chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the form and the function of window in course of the historical development of architecture. Next chapters deal with the usage of the motif of the window in painting in the course of history and the usage of the motif of the window in art during the last century. The end of theoretical part of the thesis deals with motif of the window in Czech language and literature and the last chapter defines the project in education and its history. The practical part is based on the findings in the theoretical part that become the source of inspiration for the application of the topic in the art lessons. This part focuses on preparation, process and the reflection of author's own art lessons that have been realised in the lower secondary school.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This present study aims to evaluate the design and execution process of windows focused on performance for leaks in the window to wall interface. The methodology used for this qualitative study was the comparative method through literature and survey research. The data collection instrument used was direct observation and application form. The results reported a wide incidence of failures in the design phase and execution, for which have been developed technical recommendations aimed at reducing or eliminating pathological manifestations affecting the surrounding frames. It concludes that the processes consolidated in the Brazilian construction industry need to undergo changes throughout the production chain so that there is compatibility between the components of a construction work, including the design and installation frames. As a result, failures resulting from poor detailing and improvisations on the construction site are reduced and therefore generate an improvement in quality, performance and service life of buildings. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo a avaliação do processo de projeto e execução de janelas com foco no desempenho quanto à estanqueidade à água da conexão janela/parede de vedação. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi o método qualitativo por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e levantamento. Como técnica de coleta de dados foi utilizada a observação direta e formulário. Os resultados relataram uma ampla incidência de falhas na fase de projeto e execução, para as quais, foram desenvolvidas recomendações técnicas visando à redução ou eliminação de manifestações patológicas que afetam o entorno às esquadrias. Conclui-se que os processos consolidados na construção civil brasileira precisam passar por mudanças em toda a cadeia produtiva para que exista uma compatibilização entre os componentes de uma obra, incluindo o projeto e instalação de esquadrias. Assim, falhas resultantes de detalhamentos deficientes e improvisos no canteiro de obras são reduzidas e, por conseguinte, geram uma melhoria na qualidade, desempenho adequado e vida útil projetada das edificações.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to plan blueprints for a school located Härbregatan and Vallby Skolgata in Västerås with a focus on energy losses and window placement to choose the most suitable types of windows to obtain a good internal environment. Method: The methodology used to conduct this thesis was based on earlier case studies, literature book and literature reviews in the form of legal specification from Boverket Byggregel (BBR) that had a significant impact on how the school was designed, interior and exterior views. Results: The study demonstrated how important window types and selection was for the students and the teachers occupying the classrooms because windows are a vital source of light, energy and encouragement due to the daylight. Larger windows minimize the need for electrical lighting but increases the risk of energy loss due to inadequate insulation resulting in an impact on the indoor environment and causing a higher energy usage. The size of the window also has an impact on specific transmission losses, thermal bridges, heat losses and as well as the solar radiation passing through the glass, according to this study. Conclusions: The study came to the conclusion that while windows have a significant role in these aspects, additional aspects that include the size of walls, doors, floors and ceiling also play an essential part. Larger windows lead to increased transmission losses and thermal bridges, but at the same time it lets in more daylight and sunlight in the form of heat energy, therefore larger windows are a better choice to use in the school building.

Smart devices capable of harvesting their own energy have advantages over their wired or battery-powered alternatives including improved portability, simplified installation, and reduced maintenance and operating costs. This thesis studies energy harvesting technology through a case study of a solar-powered motorized window shade. An analytical and experimental evaluation of window attenuation found that windows reduced the ability of solar cells to produce photocurrent by 30%-70%. This still allows significant potential to power small electronics so a prototype motorized window blind was designed and assembled. The solar array was mounted to the roller blind's bottom rail and power is conveyed to the control electronics and motor in the unit’s top cylinder through wires embedded in the shade’s fabric. A simple battery system was implemented to ensure the prototype could remain powered in the absence of light. Various forms of powerflow in the prototype were evaluated. Experimental evaluation of joule heating within the conductive textile indicates that a temperature gradient that is less than 10 °C develops, meaning it is safe for use. The prototype was designed with artificial friction to prevent the blinds from slipping when not in use. An experimentally validated motor model was developed and used to determine that the system could use up to 46% less energy if the artificial friction was removed. A pseudo-empirical system model was developed to simulate the interaction between system electronics. Simulation results indicate that the system would remain consistently powered if placed behind a south-facing window that receives a consistent supply of direct sunlight and attenuates that light by less than 75%. These results also indicate that the unit would remain powered in the absence of light for 13 days. Similar methods could be used to evaluate future energy harvesting systems. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)