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Three experiences investigated auditory-visual interaction and the role of a visual fixation point in tachistoscopic word recognition. The results showed that when a 60db. or 90 db. tone preceded the presentation of the word by two, four, or eight seconds, different effects on the recognition threshold were obtained only for the two-second interval. In this case, the 90 db. group had significantly higher thresholds than did the 60db. group. Other results showed that a 60db. tone facilitated recognition to the same extent as a fixation point. It was concluded that a tone of moderate intensity and occurring a brief interval before the presentation of the word facilitate word recognition, whereas a more intense tone produces a disruptive effect. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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No description available.

As computer networks grow and demonstrate more complicated and intricate behaviors, traditional intrusion detections systems have fallen behind in their ability to protect network resources. Machine learning has stepped to the forefront of intrusion detection research due to its potential to predict future behaviors. However, training these systems requires network data such as NetFlow that contains information regarding relationships between hosts, but requires human understanding to extract. Additionally, standard methods of encoding this categorical data struggles to capture similarities between points. To counteract this, we evaluate a method of embedding IP addresses and transport-layer ports into a continuous space, called IP2Vec. We demonstrate this embedding on two separate datasets, CTU'13 and UGR'16, and combine the UGR'16 embedding with several machine learning methods. We compare the models with and without the embedding to evaluate the benefits of including network behavior into an intrusion detection system. We show that the addition of embeddings improve the F1-scores for all models in the multiclassification problem given in the UGR'16 data. / MS / As computer networks grow and demonstrate more complicated and intricate behaviors, traditional network protection tools like firewalls struggle to protect personal computers and servers. Machine learning has stepped to the forefront to counteract this by learning and predicting behavior on a network. However, this learned behavior fails to capture much of the information regarding relationships between computers on a network. Additionally, standard techniques to convert network information into numbers struggles to capture many of the similarities between machines. To counteract this, we evaluate a method to capture relationships between IP addresses and ports, called an embedding. We demonstrate this embedding on two different datasets of network traffic, and evaluate the embedding on one dataset with several machine learning methods. We compare the models with and without the embedding to evaluate the benefits of including network behavior into an intrusion detection system. We show that including network behavior into machine learning models improves the performance of classifying attacks found in the UGR’16 data.

This thesis examines the relationship between the Holy Spirit and the Word of God and attempts to describe the precise nature of this relationship. Thus, after the introduction, a survey of research and a methodological introduction, the study illuminates the background of the Pauline understanding of the relationship between word and Spirit by examining the same relationship in the Old Testament, in Early Judaism, in the Jesus tradition and in the wider Graeco-Roman world. It emerges that Paul - in analogy to the Old Testament, Early Judaism and the theology of Jesus - saw a close relationship between the Holy Spirit and God's word. Obviously for Paul the Holy Spirit as a divine person of the trinity is more than the word but in his - mainly soteriological - work the Spirit has bound himself to God's word. Paul makes it clear that the Spirit works with the word everything for the spiritual life. Zusammenfassung In vorliegender Arbeit wird die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Gottes Geist und dem Wort Gottes bei Paulus aufgegriffen und der Versuch unternommen, eine Antwort zu geben. Dabei wird - nach der Einleitung, dem Forschungsüberblick und einer methodischen Einführung -, als Hintergrund des paulinischen Verständnisses von Wort und Geist, das Alte Testament, Frühjudentum, die Jesusüberlieferung und der Hellenismus auf diesen Zusammenhang hin befragt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Apostel Paulus in Analogie zum Alten Testament, Frühjudentum und der Theologie Jesu, einen engen Zusammenhang zwischen Heiligem Geist und Gottes Wort lehrt (,,Wort-Theologie"). Der Geist Gottes ist für Paulus als göttliche Person der Trinität natürlich mehr als das Wort, doch in seinem - vor allem soteriologischen - Wirken, hat er sich an das Wort Gottes gebunden. Paulus macht deutlich, dass der Geist mit dem Wort alles zum geistlichen Leben wirkt: Glaube (Wiedergeburt), Innewohnung des Geistes, ewiges Leben, Führung, Erkenntnis, Kraft, Gaben u.v.a. / New Testament / (M.Th.(New Testament))

This thesis examines the relationship between the Holy Spirit and the Word of God and attempts to describe the precise nature of this relationship. Thus, after the introduction, a survey of research and a methodological introduction, the study illuminates the background of the Pauline understanding of the relationship between word and Spirit by examining the same relationship in the Old Testament, in Early Judaism, in the Jesus tradition and in the wider Graeco-Roman world. It emerges that Paul - in analogy to the Old Testament, Early Judaism and the theology of Jesus - saw a close relationship between the Holy Spirit and God's word. Obviously for Paul the Holy Spirit as a divine person of the trinity is more than the word but in his - mainly soteriological - work the Spirit has bound himself to God's word. Paul makes it clear that the Spirit works with the word everything for the spiritual life. Zusammenfassung In vorliegender Arbeit wird die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Gottes Geist und dem Wort Gottes bei Paulus aufgegriffen und der Versuch unternommen, eine Antwort zu geben. Dabei wird - nach der Einleitung, dem Forschungsüberblick und einer methodischen Einführung -, als Hintergrund des paulinischen Verständnisses von Wort und Geist, das Alte Testament, Frühjudentum, die Jesusüberlieferung und der Hellenismus auf diesen Zusammenhang hin befragt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Apostel Paulus in Analogie zum Alten Testament, Frühjudentum und der Theologie Jesu, einen engen Zusammenhang zwischen Heiligem Geist und Gottes Wort lehrt (,,Wort-Theologie"). Der Geist Gottes ist für Paulus als göttliche Person der Trinität natürlich mehr als das Wort, doch in seinem - vor allem soteriologischen - Wirken, hat er sich an das Wort Gottes gebunden. Paulus macht deutlich, dass der Geist mit dem Wort alles zum geistlichen Leben wirkt: Glaube (Wiedergeburt), Innewohnung des Geistes, ewiges Leben, Führung, Erkenntnis, Kraft, Gaben u.v.a. / New Testament / (M.Th.(New Testament))

I samband med den växande teknologiska utvecklingen har spridningen av internetbaserade recensioner, även kallat electronic-word-of-mouth (eWOM), fått en allt större betydelse för konsumenterna inför ett köpbeslut. Turismbranschen är ett exempel på en bransch där allt fler människor använder online recensioner vid val av hotell online. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur den negativa spridningen av eWOM påverkar köpbeslutsprocessen hos svenska konsumenter vid onlinebokning av hotell. Studien baserades på teorier som belyser följande ämnen; köpbeslutsprocessen, trovärdighet och eWOM.  Studiens urval grundades på individer som har tidigare erfarenheter av hotellbokning online och använder online recensioner vid sin informationssökning samt är över 18 år gamla. Studien bestod av en kvalitativ undersökning där tio respondenter har intervjuats på ett semistrukturerat vis. Intervjufrågorna bestod av 35 frågeställningar som var tematiserade i fyra olika teman med sju subteman och utformade efter studiens frågeställningar samt syfte.  Resultatet påvisade att majoriteten av respondenterna i undersökningen ansåg att negativa recensioner är till hjälp inför deras köpbeslut. Detta gäller vid osäkerhet eller informationsbrist gällandes hotellet. Resultatet visade även att negativ eWOM har en större påverkan på konsumenternas köpbeslut än positiv eWOM.  Majoriteten av respondenterna tyckte att tvåsidig information var en viktig faktor inför deras köpbeslut, samt att recensioner skall vara detaljerade. Den uppfattade trovärdigheten ökade ifall webbplatsen var lättanvänd, allmänt känd och modern. / With regards to the global technological advancements and the effects of both external and internal factors on consumers' decision-making process. Consumers utilize online platforms to convey and to perceive other’s opinions, the act falls under the category electronic word of mouth (eWOM). The aim of this study was to reach a deeper understanding of how negative electronic word of mouth (neWOM) affects consumers' buyer decision process.  The study utilized theories that highlight the following areas: consumer buyer decision process, credibility, electronic word of mouth. With regards to these theories a qualitative research method was applied, and ten semi-structured interviews were carried out. The interview questions were divided into different themes, based on the previously stated theories.  The results indicated that negative reviews are of value for the participants of the study prior to purchasing decisions, especially during situations of insecurity and lack of information. It also showed that neWOM has an effect on their consumer buyer decision process. Their capability to trust certain webpages were based on the popularity, design and the navigational sense of ease or difficulty of the webpage. The results also showed that negative reviews were perceived as more trustworthy by most of the participants.