Includes 6 reprints of papers by the author / Includes bibliographical references. / 147 leaves + [51] leaves : ill. (some folded) ; 26 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Genetics, 1969

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Melbourne, 1990. / Spine title: The effects of management on dairy herd profitability. Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. 288-306).

Thesis--Otaniemi. / Thesis statement for v. C. Vol. A has summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1956. / Typescript (carbon copy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-74).

Sankt Gallen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

It is essential to make performance measurements of photovoltaics modules in order to quantify the power they will produce under operational conditions. Performance measurements are fundamental throughout the photovoltaic industry, from product development to quality control in manufacturing and installation in the field. Rapid and economic evaluation of photovoltaic performance requires measurements using pulsed illumination solar simulators. However some devices have characteristics which can cause difficulties making these measurements. The aim of this thesis is to overcome these measurement problems focusing particularly on two of the most prevalent and pressing of these problematic characteristics: high capacitance and metastability. A new method for measuring high capacitance modules in a pulsed simulator, based on tailor made voltage ramps, was developed. The voltage ramp is tailor made such that the measurement time is minimised while maintaining high accuracy (0.5 %), allowing the measurement of high capacitance modules in a single 10ms illumination pulse. The necessary inputs for this method are the capacitance and dark current as a function of voltage for each module. In order to make these measurements, at the high forward bias voltages required, a new system was developed. The tailored voltage ramp can be created individually for each module, since the process is rapid an automatic. This makes the method applicable to a production line or to test house measurements. In addition to their use as inputs for the voltage ramp design, the capacitance and dark current also contain other valuable information, including effective minority carrier lifetime. In several thin film technologies, such as CIGS, the efficiency is not a fixed value, rather the module is metastable and the efficiency changes depending on the previous exposure /preconditioning of the device. Preconditioning is normally applied to these devices before measurement in order to put them in a specific state that is repeatable and representative of outdoor operation. Improved preconditioning practices are vital for performance measurements in CIGS modules. Therefore the preconditioning behaviour of a variety of CIGS modules from different manufacturers was investigated. The effect of preconditioning varied for different modules, commonly the fill factor improved substantially, but often changes in open circuit voltage were also seen and in some cases also substantial changes in short circuit current. The rates of preconditioning and relaxation were found to follow stretched exponential behaviour, such that the changes occur linearly on a logarithmic timescale over several orders of magnitude in time. The total time for performance stabilisation was found to vary significantly between different types of module. Because of this stretched exponential behaviour, even though the module took days to fully relax to the dark state, there was significant relaxation within the tens of minutes that it would normally take a module to cool down after light soaking before it could be measured. The major implication of observed kinetics is that in order to achieve repeatable measurement the timing in each element of a preconditioning routine should be controlled such that the fractional error in the duration of each step is small. During the investigation an unexpectedly short timescale preconditioning effect was observed, which occurs on a millisecond timescale and relaxes in seconds. It was shown that the measurement artefacts introduced using this method can be eliminated by using electrical forward bias until immediately before the measurement. Another measurement system was developed to track the dark current and C-V characteristic of the modules during electrical bias preconditioning and subsequent relaxation. These measurements demonstrate that more than one process involved during preconditioning in CIGS. Changes occur both in the doping in the bulk of the absorber and also in charge accumulation occurring near to the absorber / buffer interface. The theoretical models for preconditioning in CIGS were reviewed and compared to the experimental results. A rate model was developed based on the theory of the metastable VSe-VCu defect. This model was shown to correspond well to the rates of preconditioning and relaxation in CIGS. The non-exponential behaviour was shown to be compatible with a distribution of activation energies for the transition between different defect states. The difference in the time taken for modules to stabilise is explained by differences in doping density and the density of VSe-VCu defects. The work presented facilitates more accurate, economical performance measurements for high capacitance devices and CIGS devices, thereby contributing to the large scale implementation of photovoltaics as power source.

[pt] O elemento combustível de um reator do tipo LMFBR consiste em um feixe de barras de arranjo triangular com espaçadores helicoidais entre os quais é bombeado o refrigerante. Neste trabalho, utilizando-se de tal elemento combustível composto de sete barras com espaçadores helicoidais acoplado a um circuito de ar foi simulado o comportamento hidrodinamico do escoamento. Uma série de medidas foram efetuadas para se obter as distribuições da pressão estática e da tensão cisalhante na superfície das barras, para diferentes números de Reynolds, variando-se a posição axial e angular, em um passo da helicoidal. Dos resultados obtidos, observou-se a existência de zonas de baixa pressão na superfície das barras, assim como a não dependência da tensão cisalhante adimensionalizada pela tensão média em função do número de Reynolds. Observou-se, ainda, variações bruscas na distribuição da pressão estática e da tensão cisalhante, que devem ser levadas em considreação no projeto termo-hidráulico devido a possibilidade de ocorrência de bolhas de cavitação no refrigerante. / [en] The fuel element of a LMFBR reactor consists of a wire wrapped rod bundle with triangular array with the coolant flowing in the space between the rods. In this work, using this type of element with seven rods connected to an air open loope, it was simulated the hydrodinamic behavior of the flow. Several measurements were performed in order to obtain the static pressure and the rods wall shear stress distributions, for different Reynolds numbers and different axial and angular positions in a wire wrap lead. From the obtained results, it was observed the existence of low pressure zones on the surface of the rods, as well as the non-dependency on the Reynolds number of the wall shear stress distribuition non-dimensinalized by its average value. Yet, it was observed abrupt variations in the static pressure and wall shear stress distributions which should be taken into account in the thermalhydraulic design due to the possibility of accurance of cavitation bubbles in the coolant.

In the potato production type, 380 {--} 400 m above sea level, was studied density 40 000, 45 000, 50 000, 55 000 plants per 1 ha on the yield potato, average number of tubers on the plant, proportion and average weight of tubers. The maximum yield of tubers were recorded at density 45 000 plants per 1 ha (varieties Impala, Adéla, Futura). Density grow it was not influence at proportion market tubers. Highest density growth the meaning reduction average weight of tubers.

[pt] Esta pesquisa analisou os possíveis impactos na rentabilidade de empresas que ingressaram ou saíram do Índice de Carbono Eficiente (ICO2). Buscou-se compreender se a participação de uma empresa nesta carteira beneficiaria o seu acionista com ganhos de rentabilidade e, caso contrário, se a saída implicaria em queda na rentabilidade. Até então, o único estudo com tal propósito realizado para o ICO2 foi baseado na primeira carteira formada e verificou apenas o movimento de entrada. Assim, este trabalho procurou analisar este índice sob uma ótica mais dinâmica e atualizada, a partir de mudanças na sua composição ao longo do tempo. Para alcançar este objetivo, realizou-se um estudo de eventos a fim de identificar a existência de retornos anormais em empresas que entraram e saíram do ICO2. A amostra analisada compreendeu doze empresas que realizaram o movimento de entrada ou saída ao longo do período de 2012 a 2015. Os resultados proporcionaram um avanço no entendimento acerca de investimentos sustentáveis no Brasil, uma vez que foram detectados casos de retornos anormais positivos e significantes ao ingressar no ICO2. Ademais, houve caso de retorno anormal negativo e significantes ao deixar o ICO2. Logo, levanta-se a possibilidade de investidores brasileiros valorizarem mais determinadas ações de empresas que adotam práticas carbono eficientes em seu modelo de negócios. / [en] This research examined the possible impact on the profitability of companies who entered or left the Carbon Efficient Index (ICO2). It sought to understand whether the participation of a company in this portfolio would benefit its shareholders with profitability gains and otherwise, if the output would fall in profitability. Until then, the only study for that purpose held for ICO2 was formed based on the first book and only checked the input movement. This work tried to analyze this index in a more dynamic optics and updated from changes in its composition over time. To accomplish this, there was an event study to identify the existence of abnormal returns in companies in and out of ICO2. The sample comprised twelve companies that made the entry or exit of movement throughout the period 2012 to 2015. The results provide a breakthrough in the understanding of sustainable investments in Brazil, as they have been detected cases of positive abnormal returns and significant at joining ICO2. Moreover, there was the case of negative abnormal return and significant to leave the ICO2. Hence arises the possibility of Brazilian investors to value more certain stocks of companies that adopt efficient carbon practices in their business model.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-15T13:02:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTA ARAÚJO E SILVA - TESE (PPGMet) 2018.pdf: 3397527 bytes, checksum: d7b0de649c1e410cbeabdeea5fe40e82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T13:02:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTA ARAÚJO E SILVA - TESE (PPGMet) 2018.pdf: 3397527 bytes, checksum: d7b0de649c1e410cbeabdeea5fe40e82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 / CNPq / Neste estudo foram avaliadas as condições atuais e os efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre a produtividade e pegada hídrica da soja cultivada na região de Matopiba. Para simular a produtividade da cultura foi usado o modelo AquaCrop versão 5.0 da FAO, calibrado com dados do ano de 2016 e validado com os de 2014, usando parâmetros de clima, solo, cultura e manejo coletados em duas campanhas experimentais realizadas entre os meses de junho e outubro nos anos de 2014 e 2016 em Palmas, TO. O desempenho do modelo foi avaliado utilizando os indicadores estatísticos: erro de previsão (Ep), coeficiente de determinação (R2), raiz quadrada do erro médio (RMSE), erro médio absoluto (EMA), eficiência de Nash e Sutcliffe (NSE), e o índice de concordância de Willmontt´s (d). A calibração e validação da produtividade da cultura de soja estimada pelo modelo AquaCrop, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, ilustrando a robustez e a aplicabilidade geral do modelo. O modelo AquaCrop subestima a produtividade de grãos de soja, para condições de estresse hídrico severo durante todo o ciclo de cultivo. Após a calibração e validação, o AquaCrop foi utilizado como ferramenta de simulação de produtividade da cultura da soja para o cenário atual (2016) e de mudanças climáticas a médio (2045/2046; 2055/2056) e longo prazo (2075/2076; 2064/2095), alimentado por dados de dois modelos climáticos (HadGEM2-ES e MIROC5) e considerando as RCP 4.5 e 8.5. Em seguida, calculou-se a pegada hídrica (verde, azul e cinza) de soja atual dos principais municípios produtores, de cada estado que compõem a região do Matopiba. Posteriormente, avaliaram-se os efeitos das possíveis mudanças climáticas sob a produtividade e pegada hídrica da soja, considerando as variações climáticas com foco na temperatura, precipitação e CO2. Os modelos climáticos projetaram aumento da produtividade em ambas as RCP consideradas, porém mais acentuado sob a RCP 8.5, em decorrência do aumento da temperatura e concentração de CO2 e a precipitação, que mesmo sofrendo redução nos totais pluviométricos ao longo do tempo, ainda atendendo a necessidade hídrica da soja. As PHsoja atuais da região do Matopiba, variaram de 2036,60 m³t-1 a 2584,12 m³t-1, valores similares aos encontradas na literatura. Sob cenários de mudanças climáticas, a PHsoja decresce ao longos os anos. A PHsoja futura decresce, especialmente a componente verde, devido ao aumento menos acentuado da evapotranspiração, resultando em maior rendimento final. As PHverde diminuem ao longos dos anos, as PHazul aumenta na mesma proporção e as PHcinza apresentam comportamento praticamente continuo. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser usados para quantificar a produtividade futura da soja, a demanda de água e a sua utilização, bem como obter informações úteis para a gestão dos recursos hídricos na região de estudo. / This study evaluated the current conditions and effects of climate change on the productivity and water footprint of soybean cultivated in Matopiba region. To simulate crop productivity, the FAO AquaCrop version 5.0 model was used, calibrated with data from 2016 and validated with 2014, using climate, soil, crop and management parameters collected in two experimental campaigns conducted between the months of June and October in the years 2014 and 2016 in Palmas, TO. The performance of the model was evaluated using the statistical indicators: prediction error (Ep), coefficient of determination (R2), square root mean error (RMSE), mean absolute error (EMA), Nash efficiency and Sutcliffe (NSE) and Willmontt's agreement index (d). Calibration and validation of soybean crop productivity estimated by the AquaCrop model presented satisfactory results, illustrating the robustness and general applicability of the model. The AquaCrop model underestimates soybean grain yield for severe water stress conditions throughout the growing cycle. After calibration and validation, AquaCrop was used as a simulation tool for soybean crop productivity for the current scenario (2016) and medium-term (2045/2046; 2055/2056) and long-term (2075/2076; 2064/2095), fed by data from two climatic models (HadGEM2-ES and MIROC5) and considering RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. Then, the water footprint (green, blue and gray) of the current soybean of the main producing municipalities of each state that compose the Matopiba region was calculated. Subsequently, the effects of possible climatic changes under soybean productivity and water footprint, considering the climatic variations with focus on temperature, precipitation and CO2, were evaluated. The climatic models projected increase of productivity in both RCP considered, but more accentuated under RCP 8.5, due to the increase in temperature and concentration of CO2 and precipitation, that even undergoing a reduction in rainfall totals over time, still taking into account water requirement of soybeans. The current PHsoja of the Matopiba region, ranged from 2036.60 m³t-1 to 2584.12 m³t-1, values similar to those found in the literature. Under scenarios of climate change, the PHsoja decreases over the years. The future PHsoja decreases, especially the green component, due to the less accentuated increase of the evapotranspiration, resulting in greater final yield. PHverde decreases over the years, PHazul increases in the same proportion and PHcinza show practically continuous behavior. The results of this study can be used to quantify future soybean yield, water demand and utilization, as well as to obtain useful information for the management of water resources in the study region.