Mastering the physical aspect of piano technique has long been a topic of great interest and importance to pianists. This is borne out in the numerous pedagogical approaches on the topic of piano technique. Despite the many contributions from pedagogues and scholars in developing an understanding of piano technique, many conflicting approaches often cause more confusion than clarity. After reviewing the literature on pedagogical approaches to piano technique, this study determined that problematic language might lie at the root of the confusion. Core concepts identified in the review of literature as recurring areas of misunderstanding were tension, relaxation, co-contraction, arm weight, and hand and finger shape. The purpose of this study is to seek where issues of language exist in contemporary piano pedagogical approaches and to show how these problems may contribute to the systemic confusion in piano technique. To do this, the language that is used to describe and define the core concepts identified in the review of literature is analyzed in five modern pedagogical approaches. Five authors who have developed approaches that reflect current trends in piano technique have been selected for this study: Barbara Lister-Sink; Dorothy Taubman; Thomas Mark; Fred Karpoff; and Alan Fraser. The first step of this study entails collecting data from each of the five pedagogical approaches. The data is then analyzed for consistency and accuracy. Problems in language that contribute to the inconsistencies and inaccuracies are examined and illustrated with material from the data collection. This study concludes by identifying the main sources of confusion in the use of language: inconsistent and inaccurate use of terms; wavering between scientific, common, and invented language; challenges in describing opposing qualities that come from tension and relaxation; and failing to discern between the individual subjective experience and the mechanics of movement. By recognizing where the problems in language exist, this study represents an important first step for the pedagogical community to reach a common understanding of the language used to describe the physical aspect of piano technique.

A concentração de CO2 na atmosfera tem aumentado progressivamente nos últimos anos. Este aumento é atribuído em sua maior parte à ação humana e à atividades como mudanças no uso da terra, desflorestamento e uso de combustíveis fósseis. É previsto que as mudanças do clima decorrentes desse aumento do CO2 irão impactar de forma significativa na agricultura. A cana-de-açúcar é uma planta de grande importância na economia mundial devido ao seu uso na indústria sucroalcoleira. Neste sentido, conhecer como o aumento de CO2 irá impactar nesta cultura é de importância estratégica para o país e para o mundo. Experimentos com cana-de-açúcar cultivada em elevado CO2 têm demonstrado aumento na taxa de fotossíntese, biomassa e no conteúdo de sacarose. Especula-se que a maior taxa de fotossíntese observada nesses experimentos é regulada por meio da taxa de transporte de elétrons, uma vez que genes relacionados a este processo foram observados com maior expressão em alto CO2. No entanto, os mecanismos que envolvem este processo ainda são desconhecidos. Com o objetivo de compreender os mecanismos envolvidos na regulação e funcionamento da fotossíntese em cana-de-açúcar, este trabalho apresenta dados sobre o ciclo diário de fotossíntese e carboidratos não estruturais, bem como dados fisiológicos, bioquímicos e de expressão gênica de plantas cultivadas em atmosfera enriquecida de CO2. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a regulação da fotossíntese em alto CO2 é dada pela manutenção do crescimento que esta condição proporciona às plantas, uma vez que o cultivo no vaso limita o crescimento na raiz e leva a um possível déficit hídrico. Genes e proteínas relacionados direta ou indiretamente ao processo de transporte de elétrons foram encontrados com expressão diferencial, corroborando os dados obtidos nas medidas in vivo. Por outro lado, os dados mostram pouca variação no sistema de captação de CO2, indicando que a principal regulação da fotossíntese em cana-de-açúcar ocorre por meio do sistema de captura de luz. Foram observados proteínas e genes relacionados com o conteúdo de açúcares e com o crescimento, que podem ser pontos importantes de regulação da fotossíntese em cana-de-açúcar. Com os dados obtidos foi possível inferir que o aumento do CO2 na atmosfera irá beneficiar as plantas de cana-de-açúcar, sendo que pontos de regulação descritos neste trabalho têm potencial de utilização como ferramentas que auxiliem na determinação de cultivares mais produtivos. / The atmospheric CO2 concentration has been increasing progressively along the last years. This increase is attributed mainly to humans action and to land use changes, deforestation and fossil fuel burning. Is it predicted that the global climate changes resulting from CO2 increase will impact significantly agriculture. Sugarcane is very important for worlds economy due to its use for sugar and alcohol industry. In this way, the knowledge of how sugarcane will respond at elevated CO2 is important to design strategies for biofuel production and use in Brazil and in the world. In experiments with sugarcane grown under elevated CO2 sugarcane plants have shown an increase in photosynthesis, biomass and sucrose content. It was then speculated that the higher photosynthesis observed in these experiments might be regulated by electron transport rates, since genes related to this process were observed with higher expression in elevated CO2. However, the mechanisms that are related with this process are still unknown. The aim of this thesis was to understand the mechanisms related in the regulation and functioning of photosynthesis in sugarcane in elevated CO2. This work presents data about diurnal cycle of photosynthesis and non structural carbohydrates, physiology, biochemistry and gene expression. The results show that photosynthesis regulation in elevated CO2 is linked with the plant growth that remains under these conditions, since the pots cause roots growth limitations and leads a possibly water deficit. Genes and proteins were found that are related directly or indirectly to electron transport process as seen from differential expression. This corroborates the data obtained from in vivo measurements. On the other hand, our data show little variation in CO2 capture system, indicating that the mainly regulations of photosynthesis in sugarcane occurs due changes in light capture system. Proteins and genes have been observed that associated with sugar content and growth. These might be key for understanding regulation of photosynthesis in sugarcane. With the data obtained it is possible to speculate that elevation of CO2 will benefit the sugarcane plants in the future. Also, the regulation points described in this work have potential to be used as tools to help finding more productive cultivars.

This thesis looks at the pueblo theory as it was presented: whether there is anything supporting Rogers' theory, whether a pueblo could have existed in the area, and why the claim has been generally accepted by the archaeological community.

This diploma thesis if focused on the production of a corner sink from stainless steel sheet 1.4301. Based on analysis of manufacturing possibilities the best solution is to produce corner sink by a conventional tool in serval operations, which was the main focus of theoretical part of this thesis. In addition, this choose is in conform with assignment of this diploma thesis. Practical part of this thesis was focused on check of technologicity followed with design of suitable shape of sheet for deep drawing. Further calculation of amount of required draws in specific drawing operations, calculation of drawing forces and works and calculation of parameters of drawing tool. These calculations were checked by numerical simulation which discovered possible defects whereupon the shape of corner sink was modified in order to limit these defects. Based on these calculations the universal drawing tool was designed. In the ending of this thesis the techno-economic evaluation was made which confirmed the economic advantage of this universality.

In my work, I will focus on interpersonal conflict management and ways to prevent them. A description of how to ideally act in conflict situations and achieve the best possible solution to the "right" way.

The diploma thesis deals with monitoring of movements of rock blocks and boulders near of the Bíla voda stream sink Nová Rasovna. The aim of thesis is to measure of the 18th stage and 19th stage in year 2013. The thesis follows on the results obtained in years 2004-2012. Achieved results are mutually compared and analysed towards the results of previous periods. The final results are shown numerically and graphically.

MSc (Mathematics) / Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / The unsteady hydromagnetic chemically reacting mixed convection MHD ow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium with thermal radiation and heat source/sink is investigated numerically. The original partial di erential equations are converted into ordinary di erential equations by using similarity transformation. The governing non-linear partial di erential equations of Momentum, Energy, and Concentration are considered in this study. The e ects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and species concentration have been discussed. The parameters include the Prandtl number (Pr), Magnetic parameter (M), the Schmidt number (Sc), Unsteady parameter (A), buoyancy forces ratio parameter (N), Chemical reaction (K), Radiation parameter (Nr), Eckert number (Ec), local heat source/sink parameter (Q) and buoyancy parameter due to temperature ( ). The coe cient of Skin friction and Heat transfer are investigated. The coupled non-linear partial di erential equations governing the ow eld have been solved numerically using the Spectral Relaxation Method (SRM). The results that are obtained in this study are then presented in tabular forms and on graphs and the observations are discussed. / NRF

Les études portant sur le changement climatique prévoient des modifications significatives de la température pour les décennies à venir. Ces prévisions envisagent un réchauffement global qui risque de perturber le développement des plantes cultivées. Les stress thermiques affectent en effet presque tous les aspects du développement des plantes et notamment la croissance, le développement floral et donc le rendement. Les plantes doivent modifier leur métabolisme afin de prévenir les dommages causés par les stress environnementaux. La température joue un rôle important sur la phénologie, la vigueur et surtout le développement floral de la vigne. Ainsi, quelques degrés d’élévation de la température pendant la floraison peuvent entrainer la perte de la totalité des fleurs et donc des fruits. De plus, en stimulant le développement végétatif, l’augmentation de température accroit la demande en glucides, tandis que la photosynthèse nette diminue en raison de l’augmentation de la respiration en réponse à l’élévation de température. Au cours de cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’impact d’une augmentation de température sur le métabolisme carboné, acteur majeur de la floraison, et plus particulièrement aux modifications physiologiques de la feuille et de l’inflorescence de vigne. De plus, des analyses d’expression de gènes clés de la photosynthèse et du métabolisme ont permis d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes de distribution des glucides entre les organes végétatifs et reproducteurs lors d’une augmentation de la température. / Studies on climate change predict significant changes in temperature for next decades. The global warming could impact the crop plants development. Indeed, thermal stresses affect almost all aspects of plant development including growth, floral development and yield. Plants modify their metabolism to prevent damage caused by environmental changes. Temperature is an important factor for the phenology, the vigor and especially the floral development in grapevine. So, a few degrees increase during flowering can result in a complete flowers loss and therefore fruits. In addition, an increase of temperature stimulates vegetative development and thus rises the carbohydrates consumption, while net photosynthesis decreases due to the respiration raise. In this study, we investigated the temperature increase impacts on the carbon metabolism which has a major role in the flowering process in grapevine. We particularly focused our attention on the physiological modifications in leaves and inflorescences. at the level of the photosynthesis and the respiration with the increase of the day temperature. Moreover, expression analyzes of some key genes involved in photosynthesis and metabolism allowed to improve the understanding in the carbohydrate distribution mechanisms, between vegetative and reproductive organs, during a temperature increase.

<p>A battery assembly experiences both mechanical and thermal loadings during its operation. It is critical to perform the thermomechanical analysis to propose a novel design for the highest efficiency.In this study,two main goals include mechanical characterization and deformation responses for a battery cell and assembly, as well as air-cooled concepts design and analysis.Initially, the cell dimensions were measured by cell-sectioning method, and then the mechanical properties were empirically measured by both 3-point flexural, and nanoindentation experiments. Moreover, three pairs of experiments and simulations were conducted to study mechanical behaviors on both a single cell and a battery assembly. They include (1) point-force loading for single, open cell; (2) internal pressurization for single, sealed cell; and (3) internal pressurization for battery assembly.Additionally, both parametric and experimental studies were executed to design, analyze,and validate air-cooled concepts based on the idea of microchannel heatsink. The proposed concepts have the features, which are integrated into the battery cell for generating the cooling channels. A series of thermomechanical simulations and a forced convection testbed were built for computationally and empirically analyzing the performances of the concepts. The results from the mechanical characterization showed a significant difference between the actual and nominal values of both cell dimensions and mechanical properties. Therefore, the effect of the manufacturing process to such values must be considered before inputting for analyzing the deformation responses. From the thermomechanical analyses, it was found that the mechanical loading might negatively influence the thermal performance if there were not enough mechanical supports from the air-cooling structure. The impact was minimal in the tapered-channel battery assembly. This configuration also significantly reduced the temperature difference on the cell compared with other concepts and the reference design.<br></p>

Standardized parts like hydraulic accumulators are used in nearly every hydraulic system, in many cases even several. Therefore, even small changes in size and weight of accumulators can save considerable material costs. In mobile applications, hydraulic accumulators are used among others in hydro-pneumatic suspension systems. There is a strong focus on miniaturization and weight reduction, as the components always have to be transported with the vehicle. Energy density and energy content of conventional hydraulic accumulators cannot be maximized at the same time. This limitation can be overcome by adding a heat capacity with large surface into the gas volume of the accumulator. The heat capacity enlarges the isothermal frequency range and therefore enlarges the energy density of the accumulator at the given frequency and the given size. In this paper an experimental comparison of conventional hydraulic accumulators and accumulators with foam inserts shows, that at a specific frequency band, the stiffness of foam filled accumulators is significantly lower than of conventional accumulators. The energy density is about 11 % higher than in conventional accumulators. Consequently, a space reduction of about 18 % is possible.