Thesis advisor: James F. Keenan / This dissertation aims to give a theoretical account of the cardinal virtue of temperance that portrays it as an attractive (albeit demanding) virtue, and provides the justification and method for applying it to multiple spheres of life today. To this end, it offers a critical interpretation and retrieval of Saint Thomas Aquinas' account of the four causes of <italic>temperantia<italic> in the <italic>Summa Theologiae<italic>. I claim that, for Thomas, the four causes of a moral virtue are its mode (formal cause), matter and subject (material cause), proper end (final cause) and agent (efficient cause). Less technically, they can be expressed in terms of five guiding questions to be used in understanding any given virtue: What is the practical wisdom actualized by that virtue? What is the sphere of life with which the virtue is concerned? What aspect of the human heart and mind does the virtue modify? What is the virtue for? What causes the virtue to exist and increase? To answer to these five questions is to give an account of a moral virtue. This dissertation develops and applies this causal method for analyzing a moral virtue, both as a means of interpreting Thomas' account of temperance, and as a tool for constructing a theory of temperance for today. Temperance, I claim, can be defined as the modulation of attraction for the sake of right relationship. It is developed through both discipline and grace. Temperance does not repress desire, but forms and channels its positively, placing it at the service of right relationship to oneself, others, the earth and God. It does limit and restrain desire, but always for the sake of deeper and more meaningful goods. Temperance therefore modulates harmoniously between the restraint and the redirection of desire, the fast and the feast. Temperance is often misunderstood as proposing a purely negative ideal of repression and constraint. The dissertation claims that, on the contrary, temperance is a positive and attractive virtue, and one that is urgently needed in consumer society. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

Neste trabalho investigamos problemas sobre reflexão de funções cardinais, fazendo uso de técnicas como submodelos elementares e Teoria PCF. Mostramos que o grau de Lindelöf reflete todos os cardinais fortemente inacessíveis e que um exemplo de espaço onde a mesma função cardinal não reflita um cardinal fracamente inacessível requer a existência de 0#. Além disso, estendemos um resultado de reflexão do caráter, de espaços Lindelöf para espaços linearmente Lindelöf, obtendo novas equivalências com a Hipótese do Contínuo (CH). Obtivemos ainda várias respostas parciais para problemas clássicos deste tópico de pesquisa. / This work investigates problems about reflection of cardinal functions, using techniques such as elementary submodels and PCF Theory. We show that the Lindelöf degree reflects all the strongly inaccessible cardinals and that a example of a space in which the same cardinal function does not reflect a weakly inaccessible cardinal requires \"0# exists\". Furthermore, we extend a result of reflection of the character from Lindelöf spaces to linearly Lindelöf spaces, obtaining new equivalences with the Continuum Hypothesis (CH). We also obtained several partial answers to classic problems of this research topic.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Bibliography: leaves 205-206. / by Fredric M. Katz. / Ph.D.

Neste trabalho investigamos problemas sobre reflexão de funções cardinais, fazendo uso de técnicas como submodelos elementares e Teoria PCF. Mostramos que o grau de Lindelöf reflete todos os cardinais fortemente inacessíveis e que um exemplo de espaço onde a mesma função cardinal não reflita um cardinal fracamente inacessível requer a existência de 0#. Além disso, estendemos um resultado de reflexão do caráter, de espaços Lindelöf para espaços linearmente Lindelöf, obtendo novas equivalências com a Hipótese do Contínuo (CH). Obtivemos ainda várias respostas parciais para problemas clássicos deste tópico de pesquisa. / This work investigates problems about reflection of cardinal functions, using techniques such as elementary submodels and PCF Theory. We show that the Lindelöf degree reflects all the strongly inaccessible cardinals and that a example of a space in which the same cardinal function does not reflect a weakly inaccessible cardinal requires \"0# exists\". Furthermore, we extend a result of reflection of the character from Lindelöf spaces to linearly Lindelöf spaces, obtaining new equivalences with the Continuum Hypothesis (CH). We also obtained several partial answers to classic problems of this research topic.

Cheung, Lai Fan Estelle. / "December 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract and acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter one --- Overview / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Background of the study --- p.4 / Chapter III. --- Use of heroique in Andre Cardinal Destouches's works --- p.11 / Chapter IV. --- Purpose of the study --- p.13 / Chapter V. --- Methodologies --- p.14 / Chapter VI. --- Limitations of the study --- p.15 / Chapter VII. --- Thesis organization --- p.17 / Chapter VIII. --- Contribution of the field --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter two --- Literature review / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.20 / Chapter II. --- Literature review --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter three --- Louis XIV the sovereign king prior to Destouches's Les Stratagemes / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter II. --- Louis XIV the sovereign hero and its representation --- p.38 / Chapter III. --- Representation through the plot and the music --- p.43 / Chapter IV. --- Conclusion --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter four --- Plot characterization of heroique elements in Les Stratagemes de I 'amour / Chapter I. --- The lessening role of heroique prior to the production of Les Stratagemes de I 'amour --- p.54 / Chapter II. --- Purpose of the chapter --- p.55 / Chapter III. --- Introduction to Les Stratagemes de I 'amour --- p.56 / Chapter IV. --- Political heroique drama --- p.65 / Chapter V. --- Conclusion --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter five --- Music and dance characterization of heroique elements in Les Stratagemes de I 'amour / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.70 / Chapter II. --- Purpose of the chapter --- p.71 / Chapter III. --- Heroique elements in instrumental numbers --- p.73 / Chapter IV. --- Heroique elements in sung numbers --- p.81 / Chapter V. --- Interpretation of the muscular and feminine heroique agendas in Les Stratagemes --- p.113 / Chapter VI. --- Danced heroique in Les Stratagemes'S prologue --- p.120 / Chapter VII. --- Conclusion --- p.131 / Chapter Chapter six --- Conclusion --- p.133 / Appendix --- p.138 / Bibliography --- p.161

Durant la papauté d'Avignon,si la plupart des cardinaux sont inhumés soit dans la cité pontificale, soit dans leur pays d'origine, certains d'entre eux choisissent au contraire de fonder dans leur lieu d'origine non seulement une communauté religieuse mais également des bâtiments pour accueillir leur tombeau. Ils imitent en cela les papes successifs, notamment Clément V et Clément VI. En parallèle, se développe au XIVe siècle, sous l’impulsion de Jean XXII, la création de nouvelles collégiales séculières dans le Midi de la France. Pierre des Prés (1280-1361), quercynois, est un proche de Jean XXII. Juriste, il gagne la confiance du pape qui le créé cardinal en 1321, puis l’investit de la charge de vice-chancelier de l’Église en 1325. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à une biographie de ce personnage et montre également son désir d’élever socialement les membres de sa famille. Le cardinal des Prés est aussi, tout comme d’autres cardinaux parmi ses contemporains, le fondateur d’une communauté religieuse, chargée de veiller sur sa dépouille. S’il a choisi des chanoines séculiers, d’autres ont privilégié les ordres Mendiants. C’est ce choix qui est examiné et étudié dans la seconde partie. Pour abriter ces religieux, Pierre des Prés a fait édifier une église dans son village natal, Montpezat-de-Quercy. Classée au titre des Monuments Historiques dès 1840, cet édifice s’avérait peu connu. Notre étude replace la collégiale Saint-Martin dans son contexte de construction, entre 1337 et 1343, mais présente également les matériaux utilisés, les techniques employées, l’organisation du chantier et les hommes qui ont oeuvré sur le projet. Enfin, la dernière partie aborde la question de la mémoire du cardinal, construite grâce à son tombeau et aux nombreux objets offerts par lui à son chapitre collégial. Grâce à ces derniers, le souvenir de Pierre des Prés s’est transmis de siècle en siècle, donnant ainsi raison aux vers de Pétrarque : la renommée vainc la mort. / During the papacy of Avignon, so most cardinals are buried either in the pontifical city, or in their country of origin, some of them choose contrary to founding in their place of origin not only one religious community but also of the buildings to accommodate their tomb. They imitate in that the successive popes, in particular Clement V and Clement VI. In parallel, develops at the 14th century, under the impulse of John XXII, the creation of secular collegial news in the South of France.Pierre des Prés (1280-1361), quercynois, is a close relation of John XXII. Lawyer, it gains the confidence of the pope who created it cardinal in 1321, then invests it in 1325 load of vice-chancellor of the Church. The first part of this work is devoted to a biography of this character and also shows his desire to socially raise the members of its family.The cardinal des Prés is also, just like of other cardinals among his contemporaries, the founder of a religious community, charged to take care on his skin. If it chose secular canons, others privileged the orders Beggars. These is the choice which is examined and studied in the second part. To shelter these monks, Pierre des Prés made build a church in his native village, Montpezat-of-Quercy. Classified with the title as of Historic buildings by 1840, this building proved little known. Our study replaces collegial church Saint Martin in her context of construction, between 1337 and 1343, but also presents the materials used, the techniques employed, the job management and the men who have work on the project. Lastly, the last part tackles the question of the memory of the cardinal, built thanks to his tomb and with the many objects offered by him to its collegial chapter. Thanks to the latter, the memory of Pierre des Prés was transmitted of century in century, thus agreeing with the worms of Pétrarque: the fame overcomes death.

Introduced in French Salons as a parlor game, the literary portrait appears in mid Seventeenth-Century. It is similar to the literary portraits inserted in Roman à clé but it does not hide the identity of the subject behind a pseudonym, it depicts the individual as is. In a self-portrait subjects look at, observe, evaluate then describe themselves. They offer themselves to the gaze of others and propose a true reading of what they are. The self-portrait attempts to harmonize the appearance and the inner being, to render visible the essence of the person. However, in the Seventeenth Century, people reinvent themselves, and the answer to the question "who am I?" changes under the gaze of a sophisticated society where everyone must play the role assigned by their class and their gender. The nobility and the cultured elite want to be a work of art; the art of pleasing, the art of conversation, the art of story telling, and also the art of knowing others. Everything is hyperbole: nobles are gods and goddesses-when they are not fairies-and life is a vast performance where self-image and representation are tirelessly adjusted because the observer is looking to catch what is behind the façade. At court or in Salons, gazes interpret more than what is on display because they observe signs: body language and facial expressions convey feelings visibly and communicate them better than words. Charles Le Brun, painter of the Court of Louis XIV, stated that the face is not the mirror of the soul but the readable expression of passions. This study examines literary and artistic representations of three representative individuals: Mademoiselle de Montpensier, the Duc de La Rochefoucauld, and the Cardinal de Retz, with the intention of demonstrating that, for the Seventeenth-Century, the portrait is the place where the conflict between "the inner being" and "appearances", the discomfort of the visible and the veiled, and also the uneasy co-existence of honnêteté and amour-propre, converged.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-86).

In the history of economic thoughts the problem of a "just" tax rate structure has played an important role. The paper reconsiders the discussions of the last two centuries and sheds additional light on the concrete tax schedules using the more recent methods of tax theory. Even if the substitution effects which play an important role in the theory of optimal taxation are neglected, the slope in the diminishing marginal utility of income causes tax rate structures reaching from accelerated progression to delayed regression. Interestingly the principle of equal relative sacrifice combined with a Bernoulli utility function yields a delayed progression, which is connected with a negative income tax.

This thesis focuses on the logical design of binary adders. It covers topics extending from cardinal numbers to carry skip optimization. The conventional adder designs are described in detail, including: carry completion, ripple carry, carry select, carry skip, conditional sum, and carry lookahead. We show that the method of parallel prefix analysis can be used to unify the conventional adder designs under one parameterized model. The parallel prefix model also produces other useful configurations, and can be used with carry operator variations that are associative. Parallel prefix adder parameters include group sizes, tree shape, and device sizes. We also introduce a general algorithm for group size optimization. Code for this algorithm is available on the World Wide Web. Finally, the thesis shows the derivation for some carry operator variations including those originally given by Majerski and Ling. / text