Artbeståndet av Lunglaven (Lobaria pulmonaria) som återfinns idag är kvarlevor från ett tidigare mer vidsträckt utbredningsområde. Lunglaven har en oansenlig nyetablering och kvarvarande populationen är sällan fertil. För att på bästa sätt kunna rädda denna art från att dö ut bör man veta vilken typ av levnadsvillkor som krävs och vilka hot som arten står inför. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur barkens pH påverkar lunglaven Barkprover från 50 olika träd samlades in genom raspning den 1 maj 2019 och analyserades på labb den 2 maj 2019. Ytterligare en dataanalys gjordes med hjälp av träddata från Länsstyrelsen Västmanland. Resultatet från analyserna tyder på att barkens pH har betydelse för lunglaven och att lavens täckning skiljer sig signifikant åt mellan de olika trädslagen. Lind (Tilia spp) var det träd som hade högst individantal och täckningsgrad följt av lönn (Acer platanoides). Ek (Quercus spp) hade lägst individantal och täckningsgrad i denna studie. Högre täckningsgrad av lunglav på träd visar att levnadsvillkoren är mer optimalt för arten. Flest trädobservationer med lunglav dominerades av arterna ask (Fraxinus exelsior), asp (Populus spp). Vilket tyder på att dessa träd har goda livsmiljöer för lunglaven med sin barkstruktur och barkkemi. / The lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria) population that remains today is a relic from a wider range area. Lungwort do not establish as much now a days as it used to and the remaining population is rarely fertile. In order to save this species from extinction one has to know what type of living conditions are required and what type of threats this species faces. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the pH of the bark impact the Lungwort. Bark samples was collected from 50 different trees by rasping 1 of May 2019 and were analysed in a laboratory 2 May 2019. Further data analys was done using tree data from the County administrative board Västmanland. The result of the analysis suggests that the pH on bark has a significant impact on lungwort and that the coverage differs between tree species. A higher degree of coverage on trees shows that the living conditions are more optimal for the lungwort. Linden (Tilia spp) was the tree with the highest number of individuals and the degree of coverage followed by maple (Acer platanoides). Oak (Quercus spp) had the lowest number of individuals and degree of coverage in this study. Most tree observations with lungwort were dominated by the species ash (Fraxinus exelsior) and aspen (Populus spp). Which suggest that these trees have a good habitat for lungwort with their bark structure and bark chemistry.

Skyddsvärda träd, speciellt ekar (Quercus spp.), är betydelsefulla både ur ett kulturellt och biologiskt perspektiv. Flera rödlistade arter som finns i Sverige är kopplade till gamla, grova ekar och tyvärr är detta ett habitat som har minskat i Sverige. Fragmentering av ekhabitat har påverkat den biologiska mångfalden hos ek-habitaten negativt. Förändrad markanvändning är en faktor som haft stor betydelse för ekbeståndens förekomst och åldersstruktur. Studier visar att beteshävd främjar utvecklingen av större ekar genom att hålla borta omgivande träd som annars skuggar ekarna. I den här studien har förekomsten av värdefulla ekar i Kalmar kommun återinventerats efter 10-20år. Syftet är att undersöka omsättningen av ekar, och vilka faktorer som påverkar rekryteringen av värdefulla ekar. Värdefulla ekar avser här stora träd med en diameter på minst 1 meter, och deras efterträdare, med en diameter på ³80 cm i brösthöjd. Resultatet visar en nettotillökningen av värdefulla ekar i Kalmar kommun under tidsperioden mellan inventeringarna. Sammanlagt påträffades 133 nya ekar. Av de totalt 222 ekar som noterats i den föregående inventeringen återfanns 215. Av de återfunna hade 24 ekar dött under perioden mellan inventeringarna. En analys av sambandet mellan ljuskonkurrens, mätt som krontäckning, och antalet döda träd visar att dödligheten av ekar ökade med en ökande täckningsgrad i trädskiktet, vilket stödjer att eken är en skuggkänslig art. Dock var ekarnas tillväxt, mätt som ökning av omkretsen, inte störst i de lägsta täckningsgraderna, vilket innebär att fler faktorer har betydelse för trädens tillväxtframgång. / Protected trees, especially oak trees (Quercus spp.), are important from a cultural and biological perspective. Several red listed species found in Sweden are linked to old oaks and unfortunately this is a habitat that has decreased in Sweden. Fragmentation of oak habitat has adversely affected the biodiversity of oak habitat. Changed land use is a factor that has had a major impact on the occurrence and age structure of oak stocks. Studies show that grazing promotes the development of larger oaks by keeping away surrounding trees that might otherwise shade the oaks. In this study, the occurrence of valuable oaks in Kalmar municipality was re-invented after 10-20 years. The purpose is to investigate the turnover of oaks, and what factors affect the recruitment of valuable oaks. Valuable oaks here refer to large trees with a diameter of at least 1 meter, and their successors, with a diameter of ³80 cm in chest height. The result shows a net increase in valuable oaks in the municipality of Kalmar during the time period between the inventories. A total of 133 new oaks were found. Of the total 222 oaks recorded in the previous inventory, 215 were found. Of the recovered, 24 oaks had died during the period between the inventories. An analysis of the relationship between light competition, measured as crown coverage, and the number of dead trees shows that the mortality of oaks increased with an increasing degree of coverage in the tree layer, which supports that the oak is a shade-sensitive species. However, the growth of the oaks, measured as an increase in the perimeter, was not greatest in the lowest coverage ratios, which means that several factors have a bearing on the tree's growth success.

Sun-exposed broad leaved deciduous trees have a great species diversity of epiphytic lichens. In Europe, these trees have decreased dramatically in number as wooded pastures have become overgrown with trees and bushes, and broad leaved deciduous stands have been replaced by planted coniferous trees. These are the main reasons for many lichens depending on deciduous trees being red-listed. Epiphytic lichens in overgrown areas could benefit from conservation thinning, but few studies have been performed on how this type of cutting affects the lichens. In a previous study, the presence of red-listed epiphytic lichens in a broad leaved deciduous forest was examined. After the study, thinning of trees and bushes was made. Here we study the effects of this thinning on Lobaria pulmonaria. We tested possible factors that may affect the growth of L. pulmonaria, and if there were any differences in incidence and vitality of the lichen between managed and unmanaged stands. Since Dutch elm disease and ash dieback are well spread in the area, we wanted to see if they also affected the growth of L. pulmonaria. There were no differences in incidence and growth between managed and unmanaged stands. The results were unexpected since other studies show that, for instance, increased sun exposure often has a great effect on the growth of lichens. Many elms and ashes were dead or dying and had a significant negative effect on the change of number of lobes and the lobe surface. The diseases of the trees can thus be assumed to be the greatest cause of why the lichens in the managed stand did not benefit from thinning.