Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-16T15:54:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) INFLUÊNCIA DA RADIAÇÃO GAMA NA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO TOMATE (Solanum Lycopersicum).pdf: 1401969 bytes, checksum: feb3a80a7b1738da16023772afc5c60f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T15:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) INFLUÊNCIA DA RADIAÇÃO GAMA NA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO TOMATE (Solanum Lycopersicum).pdf: 1401969 bytes, checksum: feb3a80a7b1738da16023772afc5c60f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / A técnica de conservação de alimentos por meio da radiação gama tem-se mostrado eficiente para o aumento do tempo de prateleira de diversos alimentos de origem vegetal. Dentre os vegetais com grandes índices de perda pós–colheita encontrasse o tomate (Lycopersicumesculentum), sendo este a segunda cultura agrícola, de maior difusão no mundo para consumo in natura ou processado. Este alimento tem sido amplamente estudado, uma vez que contêm diversos antioxidantes, como carotenóides, vitamina C, além de tocoferóis e flavonóides que contribui para diversas funções no organismo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos da radiação gama nos teores de licopeno, β-caroteno, vitamina C, pH, acidez titulável, coliformes e Samonellas, em tomates comercializados em feiras livres de Recife–PE. Sendo os tomates divididos em três grupos, um controle (não irradiado) e dois irradiados a uma dose de 0,5 kGy e 1,0 kGy a partir de uma fonte de 60Co, com taxa de dose de 2,629 kGy/h. Dentre as observações constatadas pode-se verificar que a radiação ionizante provocou uma diminuição nos teores de licopeno e β- caroteno. Constatou-se uma redução nos teores de vitamina C para as amostras irradiadas, sendo que a dose de 1,0 kGy apresentou maior redução. A análise estatística comprovou que a radiação gama nos tomates estudados permitiu um aumento no tempo de prateleira, evidenciando ser está uma técnica efetiva para conservação no pós-colheita. / The food storage technique by means of gamma radiation has proved effective in increasing the shelf life of many foods of plant origin. Among the vegetables with large post-harvest loss ratios found tomatoes (Lycopersicumesculentum), which is the second crop, the most widespread in the world for fresh consumption or processed. This food has been widely studied since they contain many antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamin C, and tocopherol, and flavonoids that contributes to various functions in the body. This work aims to analyze the effects of gamma radiation on lycopene content, β-carotene, vitamin C, pH, titratable acidity, coliforms and Samonellas in tomatoes sold in street markets of Recife-PE. As the tomatoes divided into three groups, a control (non-irradiated) and two irradiated at a dose of 0.5 kGy 1.0 kGy from a 60Co source, dose rate of 2,629 kGy / hr. Among the noted observations it can be seen that ionizing radiation caused a decrease in levels of lycopene and β- carotene. It was observed a reduction in vitamin C content for samples irradiated, and the dose of 1.0 kGy showed a reduction. Statistical analysis has shown that the gamma radiation tomatoes studied led to an increase in shelf life, thus demonstrating that it is an effective technique for conservation in postharvest.

Experiment 1 A survey on the β-Carotene status of Holstein cows in different feeding systems In order to make meaningful recommendations with regard to β-Carotene supplementation is it necessary to know whether cows are deficient in β-Carotene. The objective of this study was to generate data on the β-Carotene status of Holstein cows under three different feeding systems in South Africa, namely; pasture-based, silage-based and hay-based feeding systems. A survey was conducted amongst 30 farms with 10 farms utilizing each of the three systems. Twenty multiparous cows were randomly selected from each farm. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein and analysed for plasma β-Carotene using the iCheck™, a hand held spectrophotometer (BioAnalyt, GmbH, Germany). Cows were then classified as deficient (< 1.5 mg/L), marginal (1.5 to 3.5 mg/L) or optimal (>3.5 mg/L). The average plasma β-Carotene levels differed between feeding systems and concentrations were 5.53, 2.98 and 1.71 mg/L for the pasture based, hay-based and silage-based feeding systems respectively. There was a wide variation in average plasma β-Carotene concentrations in cows on farms within the different feeding systems. Average values per farm ranged between 3.84 and 10.81 mg/L for the pasture based farms, 0.91 and 5.00 mg/L for the hay-based farms and between 0.78 and 3.38 mg/L for the silage-based farms. Results suggest cows on a pasture based feeding system have optimal β-Carotene status and do not need supplementation. Cows on hay-based systems are marginal and on farm testing is recommended. Cows on silage-based systems are generally deficient and β-Carotene supplementation is recommended. Experiment 2 Effect of prepartum β-Carotene supplementation on the postpartum β-Carotene status of Holstein cows. It has been recommended that cows be supplemented β-Carotene when blood plasma levels are deficient (< 1.5 mg/L) or marginal (< 3.5 mg/L) especially during the transition period which is characterised by low intakes and significant losses of β-Carotene through colostrum. The objective of this trial was to determine to what extent prepartum β-Carotene supplementation could maintain postpartum plasma β-Carotene concentrations above 3.5 mg/L in cows fed a lucerne hay-based TMR. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were blocked into two groups of ten cows each and were fed either 8kg/d of a control TMR (DM) or the control diet supplemented with 1200mg of ROVIMIX® β-Carotene 10%. The experimental period was from 60d pre-partum until 56d postpartum; however the period of the β-Carotene supplementation for the one group was only from 60d prepartum until calving. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein once per week and analysed for plasma β-Carotene using the iCheck™, a handheld spectrophotometer (BioAnalyt, GmbH, Germany). Average plasma β-Carotene concentrations prepartum were higher (6.15 mg/L) (P < 0.05) for supplemented cows compared to the control cows (3.10 mg/L). For the first 5 weeks postpartum, plasma β-Carotene was higher (P < 0.05) for supplemented cows compared to control cows (3.00 mg/L vs. 1.39 mg/L), from weeks 6 to 9 there were no differences (P > 0.05). Overall the average postpartum plasma β-Carotene values were 1.50 mg/L for the control cows and 2.43 mg/L for the supplemented cows and did not differ. Supplemented cows maintained sufficient β-Carotene concentrations only for the first 2 weeks postpartum and were either marginal or deficient for the rest of the experimental period. Results suggest a minor carryover effect of β-Carotene after prepartum supplementation. / Dissertation (MSc Agric)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

The further usage of vegetable and plant waste from juice pressing industry as textile dyes is presented in this thesis. The thesis is focused on β-carotene (C40H56) dyestuff extracted from orange peel and carrot residue. The three organic solvents; ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and hexane/acetone (1:1 v/v) were used for the extraction. The analysis of the extract was done by RP-HPLC with a C18 column. The yield and the purity of the extracted β-carotene were determined. The highest yield was achieved with petroleum ether whereas the other two solvents were nearly as good. The highest and purest amount on β-carotene was found in the extracts of carrots. The dyeing process was continued with β-carotene dyestuff of orange peel and carrot residue extracted from 27 g of residue on 0,8 g cotton in the dyeing ratio 1:50. Unmordant and post mordanted bleached and mercerized cotton fabric was dyed. 10% alum of the weight fraction of cotton was used as mordant. Colour measurements (K/S, C*, L*, a*, b*, h and ΔE) and fastness properties as light- (ISO-Norm B02) and wash fastness (ISO 105 – C) were tested. Fair light fastness grades were achieved by β-carotene dyestuff of orange peel residue dyed on cotton fabric. Poorer were the grades for β-carotene dyestuff of carrot residue for both unmordanted and mordanted samples. The wash fastness couldn’t achieve reasonable results neither for β-carotene dyestuff from carrots nor orange peel residue, dyed on cotton fabric. / Program: Master programme in Textile Engineering

No description available.

Barley protein based microcapsules (1-5µm) incorporating fish oil/β-carotene were successfully prepared. Well suspended solid microcapsules, rather than emulsions, were able to form after high pressure emulsifying process. These wet-status microcapsules could be turned into dry powder by a spray drying process. The microcapsules demonstrated spherical shape and high loading capacity. Oxidative stability tests under accelerated conditions and in food formulations suggest barley proteins are effective microencapsulation materials to protect fish oil against oxidation. Microcapsule degradation and bioactive compound release behaviors were studied in the simulated gastro-intestinal tract. The data revealed that nano-encapsulations (20-30nm) were formed as a result of enzymatic degradation of microcapsule bulk matrix in the simulated gastric tract. These nano-encapsulations delivered β-carotene to a simulated human intestinal tract intact, where they were degraded by pancreatic enzymes and steadily released the β-carotene. These uniquely structured microcapsules may provide a new strategy to develop target delivery systems for nutraceuticals / Food Science and Technology

The purpose of this research was to study vitamin A status in grazing horses throughout the year and to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A and β-carotene as supplements. Vitamin A status was assessed by serum retinol concentrations (SR) and the relative dose response (RDR) which was adapted for use in the horse. The horses (45 Thoroughbred mares) were divided into three diet groups: pasture and hay only (PH); pasture, hay and vitamin A-free concentrate (PHC); and hay and vitamin A-free concentrate (HC). The mares, as well as their foals, were assessed for vitamin A status during the summer, fall and winter. After eight months, each diet group was subdivided and supplemented with either: retinyl palmitate at two times the recommended level (A), the equivalent in water dispersible β-carotene (B), or a placebo (C). Supplementation continued for 20 months during which the vitamin A status was assessed every 60 days in the mares, and at birth in the neonates. During both the depletion and the repletion phase the mares were kept on a regular breeding schedule and the reproductive rates were determined as well as the general health of the mares and their offspring. The RDR proved more sensitive at detecting changes in vitamin A status than SR, and a combination of both was used. A measurable decline in vitamin A stores was seen in the HC group within 2 months, and in PH and PHC groups during the winter. The HC group remained lower in vitamin A status throughout the study. A seasonal fluctuation of vitamin A status was observed regardless of supplementation. Supplementation with retinyl palmitate improved vitamin A status in all three diet groups, however, supplementation with β-carotene did not. Both neonates and young growing horses were lower in vitamin A status than the adult. A respiratory infection observed in the weanlings affected vitamin A status as well. Supplementation of the dam had no effect on neonatal vitamin A status. Deleterious effects on reproductive rates and health were also observed with vitamin A depletion. Supplementation of β-carotene had a negative effect on reproductive rates in this study. / Ph. D.

Plusieurs acteurs moléculaires impliqués dans les variations de qualité de la viande ont été récemment mis en évidence chez le poulet. Ma thèse a pour objectif d’approfondir l’étude de leur régulation en étudiant l’impact de facteurs alimentaires en interaction avec l’origine génétique des animaux. Il s’est articulé autour de deux thématiques qui impliquent des acteurs moléculaires et des critères de qualité de viande indépendants : le rôle de l’AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) dans le contrôle du turnover du glycogène musculaire et des caractères qui en dépendent (pH, rétention d’eau, couleur) et l’implication de BCMO1 (β, β-carotene-15,15’-monooxygenase) dans les variations de teneurs en pigments caroténoïdes et de coloration. Nos résultats soulignent dans les deux cas la possibilité de moduler les caractères de qualité via l’alimentation avec des réponses qui dépendent des caractéristiques génétiques des animaux. Nos travaux ont aussi permis d’améliorer la compréhension de la régulation des biomarqueurs étudiés par les nutriments et la génétique et contribueront à terme à la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies de production permettant d’optimiser la qualité du poulet de chair en réponse aux attentes de la filière et des consommateurs. / Several molecular mechanisms involved in the variations of poultry meat quality were recently identified in chickens. My thesis aims to further study their regulation by exploring the impact of dietary factors in interaction with the genetic origin of animals. It was structured around two themes that involve independent molecular mechanisms and meat quality criteria: the role of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) in the control of muscle glycogen turnover and related meat traits (pH, water retention, color), and the involvement of BCMO1 (β, β-carotene-15, 15'-monooxygenase) in controlling levels of carotenoid pigments and yellow color. Our results emphasize in both cases the possibility of modulating quality traits through nutrition, with effects that depend on the genetic characteristics of animals. Our work has also improved the understanding of the regulation of studied biomarkers by genetics and nutrients. This should contribute to the development of new production strategies to optimize the quality of broilers in response to expectations of poultry producers and consumers.

<p>У раду је главни циљ истраживања био да се утврди утицај додатог &beta;-каротина и витамина А на оваријалну активност у току периовулаторног периода код млечних крава са хроничним функционалним стерилитетом. За потребе овог истраживања одабрано је 46 негравидних крава расе Холштајн (Holstein) са функционалним стерилитетом, старости од 5-7 година. Животиње су подељене у три експерименталне групе, са комбинацијом &beta;-каротина и витамина А, само &beta;-каротина и само витамина А. Контролну групу сачињавале су краве без додатне терапије. Свим животињама на почетку истраживања извршен је гинеколошки преглед, синхронизација еструса и вештачко осемењавање. Мерен је почетни ниво &beta;-каротина у крви, ниво у време оплодње и током лутеинске фазе, затим жуто тело (corpus luteum) и ниво P4 као и проценат концепције. Резултати су показали постојање средње корелације r = 0,4 (p&lt;0,01) и r = 0,36 (p&lt;0,05) између иницијалне серумске концентрације &beta;-каротина и концентрација &beta;-каротина на дан овулације и у лутеалној фази, висок степен корелације између вредности &beta;-каротина на дан овулације и у лутеалној фази r = 0,83 (p&lt;0,01). Исто тако, резултати нису показали сигнификантну разлику у величини фоликула у групи са додатком &beta;-каротина и витамина А и контролној групи. Међутим, постоје значајне разлике између група са додатком &beta;-каротина и витамина А, витамина А и контролне групе. Позитивну колерацију налазимо између серумске концентрације &beta;-каротина током оплодње и концентрације прогестерона r = 0,33 (p&lt;0,05), као и процента концепције r = 0,39 (p&lt;0,01), те између серумске концентације &beta;-каротина 7. дана (у лутеалној фази) и концентрације прогестерона r = 0,51 (p&lt;0,01). Из анализе узајамне повезаности неопходно је да се истакну и корелације између дијаметара предовулаторних фоликула и процента правовремених овулација и концентрације естрадиола (r = 0,74; p&lt;0,01 и r = 0,57; p&lt;0,01). Исто тако, утврђена је корелација између концентрације естрадиола и концентрације прогестерона r = 0,39 (p&lt;0,05), као и висока корелација између величине функционалног жутог тела и концентрације прогестерона r = 0,82 (p&lt;0,01). Да би се остварио пуни потенцијал овог истраживања у пракси, неопходна су даља истраживања као и бољи менаџмент производње сточне хране и генерално исхране, на фармама млечних крава.</p> / <p>U radu je glavni cilj istraživanja bio da se utvrdi uticaj dodatog &beta;-karotina i vitamina A na ovarijalnu aktivnost u toku periovulatornog perioda kod mlečnih krava sa hroničnim funkcionalnim sterilitetom. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja odabrano je 46 negravidnih krava rase Holštajn (Holstein) sa funkcionalnim sterilitetom, starosti od 5-7 godina. Životinje su podeljene u tri eksperimentalne grupe, sa kombinacijom &beta;-karotina i vitamina A, samo &beta;-karotina i samo vitamina A. Kontrolnu grupu sačinjavale su krave bez dodatne terapije. Svim životinjama na početku istraživanja izvršen je ginekološki pregled, sinhronizacija estrusa i veštačko osemenjavanje. Meren je početni nivo &beta;-karotina u krvi, nivo u vreme oplodnje i tokom luteinske faze, zatim žuto telo (corpus luteum) i nivo P4 kao i procenat koncepcije. Rezultati su pokazali postojanje srednje korelacije r = 0,4 (p&lt;0,01) i r = 0,36 (p&lt;0,05) između inicijalne serumske koncentracije &beta;-karotina i koncentracija &beta;-karotina na dan ovulacije i u lutealnoj fazi, visok stepen korelacije između vrednosti &beta;-karotina na dan ovulacije i u lutealnoj fazi r = 0,83 (p&lt;0,01). Isto tako, rezultati nisu pokazali signifikantnu razliku u veličini folikula u grupi sa dodatkom &beta;-karotina i vitamina A i kontrolnoj grupi. Međutim, postoje značajne razlike između grupa sa dodatkom &beta;-karotina i vitamina A, vitamina A i kontrolne grupe. Pozitivnu koleraciju nalazimo između serumske koncentracije &beta;-karotina tokom oplodnje i koncentracije progesterona r = 0,33 (p&lt;0,05), kao i procenta koncepcije r = 0,39 (p&lt;0,01), te između serumske koncentacije &beta;-karotina 7. dana (u lutealnoj fazi) i koncentracije progesterona r = 0,51 (p&lt;0,01). Iz analize uzajamne povezanosti neophodno je da se istaknu i korelacije između dijametara predovulatornih folikula i procenta pravovremenih ovulacija i koncentracije estradiola (r = 0,74; p&lt;0,01 i r = 0,57; p&lt;0,01). Isto tako, utvrđena je korelacija između koncentracije estradiola i koncentracije progesterona r = 0,39 (p&lt;0,05), kao i visoka korelacija između veličine funkcionalnog žutog tela i koncentracije progesterona r = 0,82 (p&lt;0,01). Da bi se ostvario puni potencijal ovog istraživanja u praksi, neophodna su dalja istraživanja kao i bolji menadžment proizvodnje stočne hrane i generalno ishrane, na farmama mlečnih krava.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to determine the influence of supplemented &beta;-carotene and vitamin A on the ovarian activity during the periovulatory period in dairy cows with chronic fertility impairment. A total of 46 non pregnant Holstein cows with fertility impairment, at the age of 5-7 years, were selected for this study. The animals in three experimental groups were supplemented with either a combination of &beta;-carotene and vitamin A, &beta;-carotene only or vitamin A only. Non supplemented animals served as controls. All animals included in the survey were gynecologically examined; the estrus was synchronized and inseminated. Initial blood levels of &beta;-carotene as well as the levels at the time of insemination and in the luteal phase as well as the ovarian structures during ovulation and formation of corpus luteum and P4 and conception rate, were monitored.<br />The results have shown an existence of medium correlation r = 0,4 (p&lt;0,01) and r = 0,36 (p&lt;0,05) between the initial serum concentration of &beta;-carotene and the concentration of &beta;-carotene on the day of ovulation, and on the luteal phase, high degree of correlation between the value of &beta;-carotene on the day of ovulation, and in the luteal phase r = 0,83 (p&lt;0,01). Besides, the results haven&rsquo;t shown a significant difference in the size of the follicle in the group with added &beta;-carotene and vitamin A, and the control group. However, there are significant differences between the groups with added &beta;-carotene and vitamin A, vitamin A, and the control group. There is a positive correlation between the serum concentrations of &beta;-carotene during fertilization, and the concentration of progesterone r = 0,33 (p&lt;0,05), the same as the percentage of conception r = 0,39 (p&lt;0,01); and between serum concentration of &beta;-carotene on the 7th day (in the luteal phase) and the concentration of progesterone r = 0,51 (p&lt;0,01). From the mutually connected analyzes the correlation between the diameters of the pre ovulation follicles and the percentage of the on time ovulations and the concentration of estradiol (r = 0,74; p&lt;0,01 и r = 0,57; p&lt;0,01 respectively), is also important to be emphasized. Besides, the correlation between estradiol concentration and progesterone concentration r = 0,39 (p&lt;0,05) was determined, as the high correlation between the size of the functional yellow body and the progesterone concentrations r = 0,82 (p&lt;0,01). For the fulfillment of this research&rsquo;s potential in practice, further research is necessary, as well as better management of the fodder and the feeding in general on the farms with milk cows.</p>

O presente trabalho avaliou o crescimento da microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta pela biofixação do CO2 liberado pela produção de cerveja, reciclando um dos gases responsáveis pelo efeito estufa, reduzindo custo da matéria-prima CO2 e agregando valor ao produzir lipídeos e carotenoides naturais. Para isso a microalga foi cultivada em sistemas integrados entre fotobiorreatores e fermentadores. A diferença nos cultivos foi o tipo e a quantidade de CO2 produzida pelas fermentações. Inicialmente se fez fermentações com meio YPD (Yeast Peptone Dextrose) em fermentadores de 2 L acoplados a cada 24 h aos fotobiorreatores em 4 condições distintas, sendo o último fermentador colocado sempre em 144 h de cultivo de microalgas: 30 g L-1 de dextrose a partir de 72 h de cultivo de microalgas, 60 g L-1 de dextrose a partir de 72 h de cultivo de microalgas, 30 g L-1 de dextrose a partir de 24 h de cultivo de microalgas e variando a concentração de (10 à 60) g L-1 de dextrose a partir de 24 h de cultivo de microalgas (YPD (10-60)/24). Os maiores valores para biomassa, carotenoides, produtividades e lipídeos foram obtidos na condição YPD (10-60)/24. Para reproduzir a essa condição utilizando mosto de cerveja, foi calculada a conversão de substrato em produto para, então, acoplar diariamente volumes diferentes de mosto de cerveja em cultivos de microalgas. Os valores obtidos para os cultivos com CO2 desprendidos por estas fermentações foram 1,10 ± 0,05 g L-1 de biomassa, 0,18 ± 0,01 g L-1 d-1 de produtividade de biomassa, 0,58 ± 0,06 d-1 foi a velocidade específica de crescimento, 4,74 ± 0,59 mg g-1 de carotenoides por biomassa, 0,86 ± 0,06 mg L-1 d-1 de produtividade de carotenoides e 13,5 ± 0,4 % (em massa) de lipídeos. Estes valores foram praticamente o dobro dos valores obtidos para o cultivo com CO2 do ar atmosférico, demonstrando que a integração entre fermentadores e fotobiorreatores é uma boa alternativa para indústria alimentícia. Todos cultivos com D. tertiolecta apresentaram o mesmo perfil de carotenoides representado por 46,7 ± 2,0 % de luteína, 22,5 ± 1,6 % de β-caroteno, 9,50 ± 0,66 % de zeaxantina, 1,10 ± 0,16 % de α-caroteno e 20,2 ± 3,0 % para outros. / This study evaluated the growth of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta for CO2 biofixation released by brewing, recycling one of the greenhouse gases, reducing cost of raw material CO2 and adding value to produce lipids and natural carotenoids. For this, microalgae were cultivated in integrated systems between photobioreactors and fermenters. The difference in the cultures was the culture medium and the amount of CO2 produced. Initially, fermentation with medium YPD (Yeast Peptone Dextrose) in 2 L fermenters were coupled every 24 h to photobioreactors in 4 different conditions: 30 g L-1 of dextrose from 72 h culture of microalgae; 60 g L-1 of dextrose from 72 h culture of microalgae; 30 g L-1 of dextrose from 24 h culture of microalgae; and ranging dextrose concentration of (10 to 60) g L-1 from 24 h culture of microalgae (YPD (10-60)/24). The highest values for biomass, carotenoids, productivities and lipids were obtained in the condition YPD (10-60)/24. To reproduce this condition using beer wort, the substrate to product yield was determined and different volumes of beer wort where daily coupled to microalgae cultivations. The values obtained for cultures with CO2 released from these fermentations were 1.10 ± 0.05 g L-1 of biomass, 0.18 ± 0.01 g L-1 d-1 of biomass productivity, 0.58 ± 0.06 d-1 for the specific growth rate, 4.74 ± 0,59 mg g-1 of carotenoids per biomass, 0.86 ± 0.06 mg L-1 d-1 of carotenoids productivity and 13.5 ± 0.4 % (mass fraction) of lipids. These values were almost twice the values observed in the cultivation with CO2 of atmospheric air, showing that the integration between fermenters and photobioreactors is a good alternative to increase microalgae growth. All cultures with D. tertiolecta showed the same profile of carotenoids represented by 46.7 ± 2.0 % of lutein, 22.5 ± 1.6 % of β-carotene, 9.50 ± 0.66 % of zeaxanthin, 1.10 ± 0.16 % of α-carotene and 20.2 ± 3.0 % for others.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Due to the scarce amount of studies on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of pitanga fruits (Eugenia uniflora L.) this study was performed, with objective of increase data on pitanga fruits from Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil) by determining the composition and antioxidant capacity of flesh and seeds from pitanga. We analyzed pitanga fruits with different flesh colors (purple, red and orange) from tree selections cultivated at Embrapa Clima Temperado (RS-Brazil). The quality parameters of pitanga fruits (pH, brix, acidity) were within the legal limits established for frozen pulp and only slight differences were observed in these parameters and in the proximate and fatty acid composition among fruits with different flesh color. Orange fleshed pitanga had higher carotenoid content than red samples. The extracts from purple fleshed color pitanga had the highest total phenolic and anthocyanin content along with the highest antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assay) of methanolic pitanga extracts was highly correlated to the total phenolic content, but in ethanolic extracts anthocyanin content was correlated only to FRAP antioxidant capacity. These results indicate that pitanga cultivated in the Rio Grande do Sul state, specially the purple fleshed fruits, can be considered sources of bioactive compounds. Pitanga seeds had antioxidant capacity that was partially correlated to their high phenolic content and showed some variation according to the pitanga flesh colors. Accordingly, we suggest that this low value waste of pitanga processing, could be used as a source of natural antioxidants. No relevant differences were found in the proximate composition among seeds from pitanga of different colors. Results revealed that pitanga seeds are a good source of dietary fiber, which could be explored for use in animal and/or human nutrition. However, more studies are necessary to determine if some antinutritional factor like cyanogenic glycosides could be a limit for this application. / Devido à escassa quantidade de trabalhos sobre a composição físico-química de frutos de pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.), este estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização de pitangas do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) através da determinação da composição e capacidade antioxidante da polpa e das sementes de pitanga. Foram analisadas pitangas de diferentes colorações de polpa (roxa, vermelha e laranja) de seleções que estão sendo cultivadas na Embrapa Clima Temperado (RS-Brasil). Os parâmetros de qualidade das pitangas (pH, brix e acidez) ficaram dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira para polpas congeladas. Foram observadas apenas pequenas diferenças nestes parâmetros, na composição centesimal e de ácidos graxos entre as frutas com diferentes colorações de polpa. As pitangas de cor laranja apresentaram maior conteúdo de carotenóides que as de cor vermelha. Os extratos de pitangas roxas apresentaram o maior conteúdo de fenólicos totais e de antocianinas, bem como, a maior capacidade antioxidante. A capacidade antioxidante (valores de DPPH e FRAP) dos extratos metanólicos de pitanga apresentou alta correlação com o conteúdo de fenólicos totais, mas nos extratos etanólicos o conteúdo de antocianinas correlacionou-se apenas com a capacidade antioxidante avaliada pelo método de FRAP. Os resultados indicam que as pitangas cultivadas no Rio Grande do Sul, especialmente as de cor roxa, podem ser consideradas fontes de compostos bioativos. As sementes de pitanga apresentaram também capacidade antioxidante, que foi parcialmente correlacionada com o alto teor de fenólicos, apresentando variação de acordo com a coloração das pitangas. Assim, sugere-se que este resíduo de baixo valor do processamento da pitanga, poderia ser usado como uma fonte natural de antioxidantes. Não foram encontradas diferenças relevantes na composição de sementes de pitanga de diferentes colorações. Os resultados revelaram que a pitanga é uma boa fonte de fibra dietética, que poderia ser explorada para uso na nutrição animal e/ou humana. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para determinar se a presença de algum fator antinutricional como glicosídios cianogênicos poderia limitar esta aplicação.