Ten wether lambs were used to determine the effects of ergovaline consumption from endophyte infected tall fescue, on nutrient utilization and metabolism. Lambs were fed a diet of 23% endophyte free tall fescue seed (E-) and 77% concentrate from d -14 to -1 (adaptation phase). On d 0, five lambs were switched to an endophyte infected seed diet (E+) where they remained through d 14. Nutrient digestibilities tended to increase from adaptation through the acute (d 1 to 4) to subacute (d 10 to 14) phases when E- was fed. E+ digestibilities were highest (P < 0.05) in the acute phase. Lambs fed E+ had higher rectal temperatures in the acute (P < 0.01) and subacute phases (P < 0.05). Fecal recovery of ergovaline increased as day of collection increased in the acute and subacute phases. Lysergic acid fecal recovery increased with day of collection in the acute phase, but no effect was found in the subacute phase. Serum enzyme analyses did not indicate tissue damage from alkaloid consumption. These results demonstrate lambs try to adapt to endophyte infected fescue seed consumption through increased nutrient digestibilities and increased ergovaline and lysergic acid excretion.

The problem of reduced appetite in ruminants fed silages persists but the factors responsible for reduced intake of silage have not been elucidated. This study was conducted with the objective of testing the hypothesis that ammonia loading in ruminants could suppress appetite. In a 5 x 5 latin square design, sheep were fed alfalfa silage (S), fresh alfalfa (FA), and FA with added equimolar amounts (450 mmol. kg$ sp{-1}$ feed DM) of NH$ sb4$Cl, NH$ sb4$HCO$ sb3$ and urea; the latter was infused directly into the rumen. The silage had a DM content of 33.1%, pH 4.4, and a lactic acid content of 4.3% of DM. Unfermented herbage had a pH of 5.5 and lactic acid content of 0.2% of DM. Digestibility of organic matter (OMD) exceeded 70% for both S and FA. Organic matter intake (OMI), digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), concentration of rumen NH$ sb3$, rumen pH, osmolality and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) did not differ (P $>$ 0.05) among treatment groups. The lack of differences among treatments may have been as a result of a failure to accentuate qualitative and quantitative differences between the FA and S and to raise ammonia in the rumen and peripheral blood to levels that could alter appetite.

Most research to date has focused on non-pregnant sheep grazing saltbush to fill the summer/autumn feed gap in temperate regions of southern Australia. However, the summer/autumn period coincides with late pregnancy for autumn- or winter-lambing ewes, and feeding saltbush may reduce the amount and cost of supplementary feed that is required to meet the energy demands of late pregnancy. The challenge of dealing with a high-salt diet may be exacerbated during pregnancy since pregnancy is a salt-retaining physiological state, yet a high-salt intake requires an increase in mechanisms to excrete salt. The effect of high dietary salt on the developing foetus(es) has been studied in rodent models, but less so in sheep. Hence the aims of this thesis were to determine whether pregnant ewes can manage a high dietary salt content resembling that found in saltbush, and whether there are consequences to the offspring’s physiological responses to ingested salt. Merino ewes were synchronized for ovulation and artificially inseminated. To mimic the concentration of salt in animals grazing saltbush-based pastures in summer and autumn, a diet of 13% NaCl was fed from insemination through to parturition. It was found that pregnant ewes can be fed a 13% NaCl diet and manage the physiological conflict of high salt and pregnancy by decreasing their aldosterone concentrations and increasing their water consumption. There was no effect of high dietary salt on pregnancy rates, lamb birth weights, lamb survival or milk composition (fat and protein percentages). A series of experiments were conducted to test if the high-salt intake of ewes during pregnancy was associated with a change in the dietary preference for salt and/or changes in physiological responses to ingested salt in the offspring (‘S lambs’ vs. control, ‘C lambs’). C lambs and S lambs were exposed to short- and long-term preference testing to determine if there were differences in their voluntary selection for salt in their diet. There were no significant differences in dietary salt preference between C and S lambs. The lambs were subjected to salt 'challenges' (oral dose of 40 g NaCl in 25% w/v solution) from 3-10 months of age and their water intake, urinary output, sodium excretion and hormone concentrations were measured over the ensuing 23 hours, and compared against counterparts dosed with an equal volume of water without salt. Following the initial salt challenge further experiments were conducted with slight alterations; water intake was manipulated immediately following the salt challenge; two consecutive salt challenges, 8 hours apart, were administered; and C and S lambs were offered salty water (1.5% NaCl) over a period of two days. The results of these salt challenge experiments showed that C and S lambs excreted a salt load at a similar rate, but they differed in the magnitude of changes in water intake and hormone concentrations required to achieve sodium homeostasis. S lambs were able excrete sodium at the same rate as C lambs but without decreasing aldosterone concentrations to the same extent and whilst consuming 400 mL less water in the first two hours post challenge. The aldosterone results suggested a lowered responsiveness to aldosterone and the lower water consumption suggested an altered thirst threshold. The experiment in which water consumption was manipulated suggested that when the supply or access to fresh water is limited, the capacity to remove a salt load is likely to be less impaired in S lambs than C lambs; S lambs were able to excrete the salt load faster than the C lambs when the availability of drinking water was limited. From the experiment in which lambs were treated with two consecutive salt challenges, the rate of sodium excretion increased after the second dose, but there remained no difference in the rate of excretion between C and S lambs; all animals were able to excrete 95% of the administered dose of sodium within 23 hours. The final experiment in which animals were given salty water (1.5% NaCl) for a period of two days showed consistent results with the previous experiments for water consumption and aldosterone concentrations between C and S lambs. There was no difference in sodium excretion between C and S lambs. A novel finding was a markedly lower voluntary feed intake in S lambs than C lambs. Although mechanisms for this are unknown, it may have profound effects on the productivity of the animals. The experiments reported in this thesis provide new information of relevance to pregnant ewes grazing halophytic forages. It is apparent that they can withstand a high NaCl content typical, of a saltbush-based pasture. Further work is warranted to conclude whether high salt during pregnancy is (i) beneficial to the offspring in regards to a higher capacity to deal with excess salt under farming conditions and (ii) consistently associated with a lower voluntary feed intake of the offspring. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1290752 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-93). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-93). Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pariz_cm_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 739495 bytes, checksum: 3e979d92aa5fdb5665e3c2eb61755714 (MD5) / A altura de colheita da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) em consórcio com gramíneas forrageiras para ensilagem pode interferir na formação da pastagem, influenciando o desempenho técnico dos animais em pastejo e a viabilidade econômica em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O estudo foi conduzido durante dois anos em Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, avaliando o efeito de duas alturas de colheita da cultura do milho para ensilagem (0,20 e 0,45 m) em consórcio com capim-marandu {Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. Marandu [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf cv. Marandu]}, capim-piatã {Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. BRS Piatã [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf cv. BRS Piatã] } e cultivo exclusivo com rebrotação do capim-braquiarinha {Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster cv. Basilisk [syn. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk] }, na produtividade e no fracionamento das plantas de milho, bem como, o efeito da sobressemeadura de aveia (Avena bysantina) na formação da pastagem, no desempenho e nas características das carcaças de cordeiros em pastejo suplementados com a silagem + concentrado e a viabilidade econômica dos sistemas de produção. O cultivo exclusivo do milho e a altura de colheita de 0,45 m reduziram a produtividade de massa seca total para ensilagem. As melhores condições climáticas do segundo ano agrícola incrementaram a disponibilidade de forragem para pastejo e o desempenho dos cordeiros, da mesma forma que a pastagem de capim-marandu em sucessão a colheita do milho para ensilagem à 0,45 m. A sobressemeadura de aveia não incrementou o ganho de peso, porém reduziu o consumo de matéria seca de silagem + concentrado pelos cordeiros. Analisando o sistema como um todo, a ensilagem das plantas de milho em consórcio com capim-marandu com corte à 0,45 m, aliado a sobressemea / The harvest height of corn crop (Zea Mays L.) in intercrop with forages grass to ensilage can interfere in the pasture formation, influencing the technical and economic performance of animal under grazing in integrated crop-livestock system. This study was conducted during two growing season at Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, evaluating the effect of two corn harvest height to ensilage (0.20 and 0.45 m) in intercrop with palisade grass {Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. Marandu [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf cv. Marandu]}, piatã grass {Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. BRS Piatã [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf cv. BRS Piatã]} and sole crop with regrowth of signal grass {Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster cv. Basilisk [syn. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk]}, on the corn plants subdivision and yield, as well as the effect of oat (Avena bysantina) over seeded on the pasture formation, performance and carcass characteristics of lambs under grazing supplemented with silage + concentrate and the economic performance. Corn sole crop and harvest height at 0.45 m decreased the total dry mass yield to ensilage. The best climate conditions in the second year increased the forage availability to grazing and lambs performance, the same way as palisade grass pasture after the corn harvest to ensilage at 0.45 m. Oat over seeded not provided greater weight gain, but decreased silage + concentrate dry matter intake by lambs. Analyzing the system as a whole, the ensilage of corn intercropped with palisade grass at 0.45 m, and the oat over seeded is the most viable option aimed the silage production and posterior pasture formation to lambs finishing in partial feedlot, reducing the silage more concentrate intake, providing greater weight and carcass gain per hectare and best economic performance in integrated

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardo_ha_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 511383 bytes, checksum: c1c678a5f609d7e8b161335091d3395e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Noventa e seis ovinos foram agrupados em cinco classes de Tipo Ovino (TO): TO1 – cordeiros com peso de abate (PA) até 30 kg (n=16); TO2 – cordeiros com PA entre 30 e 35 kg (n=20); TO3 – cordeiros com PA entre 35 e 40 kg (n=22); TO4 – cordeiros com PA acima de 40 kg (n=23); TO5 – ovino com pelo menos um par de dentes incisivos permanentes (n=15). Foi avaliado o efeito do TO sobre o PA, escore de condição corporal (ECC), caracaterísticas da carcaça e morfometria. As carcaças também foram avaliadas pelo sistema EUROP de classificação. Houve influência do TO sobre o PA, com maior valor para o TO5, sendo que esta classe não se diferenciou do TO4, enquanto que o ECC não se diferenciou entre os TO. Não houve diferença para o peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e de carcaça fria (PCF) entre o TO5 e TO4, que apresentaram os maiores valores, sendo que o TO1 e TO2 não se diferenciaram quanto ao PCQ mas apresentaram diferença para PCF. A maior perda de peso no resfriamento (PPR) foi observada para as carcaças do TO1 enquanto que o TO3 foi a classe que perdeu menos peso. Os maiores valores para o comprimento externo da carcaça (CEC) foram obtidos para o TO4 e TO5, sendo que o TO5 apresentou a maior largura e perímetro da garupa (LG e PG), e largura e profundidade do tórax (LT e PT) dentre os TO. Não houve diferença para o perímetro da perna (PP) entre TO4 e TO5, com o TO1 apresentando o menor valor para esta medida morfométrica. Pelo sistema EUROP, 54% das carcaças pesadas apresentaram classe de conformação boa e somente uma carcaça foi classificada com classe de conformação excelente. Para as classes de camada de gordura, nenhuma carcaça obteve as classes 4 e 5, apenas 9% das carcaças de ovinos com menos de doze meses de idade foram classificadas com classe de camada de gordura 3, enquanto que 43% obtiveram classe 1 e 48% classe 2. Com base na dentição dos animais... / Noventa e seis ovinos foram agrupados em cinco classes de Tipo Ovino (TO): TO1 – cordeiros com peso de abate (PA) até 30 kg (n=16); TO2 – cordeiros com PA entre 30 e 35 kg (n=20); TO3 – cordeiros com PA entre 35 e 40 kg (n=22); TO4 – cordeiros com PA acima de 40 kg (n=23); TO5 – ovino com pelo menos um par de dentes incisivos permanentes (n=15). Foi avaliado o efeito do TO sobre o PA, escore de condição corporal (ECC), caracaterísticas da carcaça e morfometria. As carcaças também foram avaliadas pelo sistema EUROP de classificação. Houve influência do TO sobre o PA, com maior valor para o TO5, sendo que esta classe não se diferenciou do TO4, enquanto que o ECC não se diferenciou entre os TO. Não houve diferença para o peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e de carcaça fria (PCF) entre o TO5 e TO4, que apresentaram os maiores valores, sendo que o TO1 e TO2 não se diferenciaram quanto ao PCQ mas apresentaram diferença para PCF. A maior perda de peso no resfriamento (PPR) foi observada para as carcaças do TO1 enquanto que o TO3 foi a classe que perdeu menos peso. Os maiores valores para o comprimento externo da carcaça (CEC) foram obtidos para o TO4 e TO5, sendo que o TO5 apresentou a maior largura e perímetro da garupa (LG e PG), e largura e profundidade do tórax (LT e PT) dentre os TO. Não houve diferença para o perímetro da perna (PP) entre TO4 e TO5, com o TO1 apresentando o menor valor para esta medida morfométrica. Pelo sistema EUROP, 54% das carcaças pesadas apresentaram classe de conformação boa e somente uma carcaça foi classificada com classe de conformação excelente. Para as classes de camada de gordura, nenhuma carcaça obteve as classes 4 e 5, apenas 9% das carcaças de ovinos com menos de doze meses de idade foram classificadas com classe de camada de gordura 3, enquanto que 43% obtiveram classe 1 e 48% classe 2. Com base na dentição... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:53:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bovino_f_me_araca.pdf: 810637 bytes, checksum: e849e05dc28ba9d6b4259c20b5ce2a16 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar e avaliar o escore Apgar, os parâmetros vitais, os valores hemogasométricos, o proteinograma e a atividade de gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) séricas de cordeiros oriundos de partos eutócicos e nascidos de cesarianas induzidas por diferentes protocolos anestésicos, ao nascimento, aos 15 minutos, e após uma, 24 e 48 horas de vida. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, sendo o primeiro constituído por cordeiros nascidos de parto normal (NORMAL) e os outros dois de cesarianas, porém com dois protocolos anestésicos diferentes, ou seja, por anestesias inalatória (INAL) e total intravenosa (ATI), respectivamente. Os animais nascidos de parto normal apresentaram melhor vitalidade em relação aos nascidos de cesarianas. A frequência respiratória (FR), ao nascimento, foi significativamente menor nos animais nascidos de cesarianas (26 ± 25 mpm, INAL; 5 ± 5 mpm, ATI). Constatou?se tendência à diminuição nos valores de temperatura até os 15 minutos de vida em todos os grupos, prolongando?se, até os 60 minutos, nos animais pertencentes ao grupo ATI. Após o nascimento, tanto os cordeiros nascidos de parto normal quanto os nascidos de cesarianas, desenvolveram acidose respiratória. Os cordeiros recém?nascidos necessitaram de 24 horas de vida para estabilização do equilíbrio acidobásico. Ao nascimento, todos os neonatos tiveram valores mais baixos de proteína total, de gamaglobulina e da atividade sérica de GGT, com aumento significativo, às 24 horas de vida, para as três variáveis, com progressivo decréscimo às 48 horas / The aim of this study was to evaluate vital parameters, vitality, the blood gas effect, serum variations of protein and gamma?glutamyltransferase activity of lambs born by normal delivery and by cesarean section, during 48 hours of life. The animals were divided into three groups. The first group was formed with lambs born by normal delivery (NORMAL) and the other two groups were formed with lambs, born by cesarean sections, but with two different anesthetic protocols, one used inhalation anesthesia (INAL) and the other total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Lambs in the NORMAL group obtained higher pontuation in Apgar score than cesarean section group. The respiratory rate at birth for the animals delivered by cesarean section (26 ± 25 bpm, INAL; 5 ± 5 bpm, TIVA) was significantly lower than for the ones of the normal delivery. A tendency for decreasing temperature values was verified until the 15 minutes in all groups, lasting until 60 minutes in animals in the TIVA group. Respiratory acidosis was observed in lambs born by normal delivery and by cesarean section after birth. The newborn lambs need 24 hours of life for acid base stabilization. At the moment of birth, all the newborns had lower values of all studied variable, with significant increase at 24 hours of life, followed by gradual decrease at 48 hours

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_tls_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 469730 bytes, checksum: fef540eada210b35cbd086f20dc1bed2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da carne de cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês alimentados com levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) inativa da cana-de-açúcar em substituição ao farelo de soja. Foram ofertadas dietas com quatro níveis de substituição (0, 33, 66 e 100%) de levedura aos animais que foram abatidos com 35 kg de peso vivo. Foram realizadas as análises físicas e a determinação de umidade, proteínas, cinzas, gordura e colesterol no músculo Longissimus dorsi. Os níveis de substituição de 33 e 100% influenciaram a composição protéica da carne e os valores de lipídio não apresentaram diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). O teor de colesterol foi menor para os animais que receberam dietas contendo levedura. O índice de fragmentação miofibrilar apresentou diferença entre os níveis de substituição. A maciez, quando analisado pelo método físico, foi satisfatória em carnes do tratamento 33% de substituição / This study aimed to evaluate Santa Inês lambs meat wich was fed with inactive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) instead of soy meal. The treatments offer were four levels (0, 33, 66 e 100%) of yeast to animals until the weight average 35 kg and they were slaughtered. The analyses were physical and humidity determination, protein, ash, fat cholesterol and in Longissimus dorsi muscle. The inclusion levels influenced in the protein composition of meat. The lipid values were similar (p> 0,05) between the treatments. The values of the tenderness fragmentation index showed variation between treatments. When the softness was analyzed by a physical method it confirmed that the meat has a satisfactory level of tenderness and cholesterol is similar to animals fed with yeast

Orientador: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Coorientador: Viviane Corrêa Santos / Banca: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira / Banca: Márcio Martins Ferreira / Resumo: Avaliou-se a inclusão de 10% de glicerina na dieta de cordeiros em terminação bem como seus efeitos sobre o consumo, digestibilidade (utilizando o indicador FDNi), desempenho, características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne. A relação volumoso:concentrado utilizada foi de 20:80. A dieta era composta por feno de capim tifton, milho em grão moído, glicerina, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico e mistura mineral. Utilizou-se 40 cordeiros ½ Santa Inês ½ Dorper desmamados com idade média de 80 dias e peso médio de 21 + 2,3 kg. Com a inclusão de glicerina na dieta houve diminuição do consumo de matéria seca e no coeficiente de digestibilidade da FDNcp, 839,65g/dia e 46,85%, respectivamente. Menor peso corporal ao abate (33,30 kg), rendimento de carcaça fria (47,83%) e comprimento do fêmur (15,7 cm) foram observados para cordeiros alimentados com a inclusão de 10% de glicerina na dieta, esta inclusão não prejudicou os demais parâmetros estudados de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade da carne. O tratamento G0*CH promoveu menores teores de cor de vermelho e amarelo na carne após 24 horas ao abate, apresentando menores atributos atrativos ao consumidor. A inclusão de 10% de glicerina pode ser utilizada como ingrediente energético nas dietas de cordeiros terminados em confinamento / Abstract: It was evaluated the the inclusion of 10% glycerol in diets lambs and their effects on intake, digestibility (using indicator NDFi), performance, quantitative carcass traits and meat quality. The used ratio was roughage:concentrate of 20:80. The diet consisted of Tifton hay, corn grain, glycerin, soybean meal, limestone and mineral mix. A total of 40 lambs ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês weaned at an average age of 80 days and an average weight of 21 + 2.3 kg. With the inclusion of glycerin in the diet decreased the dry matter intake and digestibility of NDF, 839.65 g / day and 46.85%, respectively. Lower body weight at slaughter (33.30 kg), dressing percentage (47.83%) and femur length (15.7 cm) were observed in lambs fed with the inclusion of 10% glycerol in the diet, this inclusion not harmed the other parameters of performance, carcass and meat quality. The Treatment CH G0 * promoted lower levels of red and yellow color in meat 24 hours after slaughter, with minor attributes attractive to the consumer. The inclusion of 10% glycerol can be used as an energetic ingredient in the diets of feedlot lambs / Mestre