DnB NOR, Norges ledande bank är en ny aktör som år 2007 påbörjade sin etablering på den svenska bankmarknaden vilken på senare tid präglats av förändringar. Studiens syfte är att utifrån ett marknadsföringsperspektiv undersöka och analysera DnB NOR:s val av etableringsstrategi på den svenska bankmarknaden för privatpersoner samt varför företaget valt denna strategi. Utifrån studiens teoretiska modell kan ett företag etablera sig antingen via uppköp av befintliga företag eller genom internorganisk tillväxt. För uppsatsen har en kvalitativ metodform använts vilken bygger på semistrukturerade personliga intervjuer med representanter ifrån DnB NOR och Svenska Bankföreningen. Slutsatsen är att DnB NOR använt sig av en unik etableringsstrategi som bygger på uppköp av företag verksamma på indirekt relaterade marknader till den svenska bankmarknaden.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Forensic Laboratory Services (FLS) needed a method to confirm positive lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) immunoassay screening results. As a result, an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC¢â/MS/MS) method was validated for the confirmation and quantitation of LSD, iso-LSD, N-demethyl-LSD (nor-LSD), and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD). The method was validated in urine and whole blood, where linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, stability, selectivity, recovery, matrix effects, and reproducibility were evaluated. <p>The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of the analytes and the deuterated internal standard from 1 mL of urine or whole blood with dichloromethane:isopropyl alcohol after being basified. The average recovery for all analytes was ¡Ã 62%, and the matrix effect was found to be insignificant. MS/MS analysis was conducted with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer by positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The lowest limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 20 pg/mL for LSD and iso-LSD, and 50 pg/mL for nor-LSD and O-H-LSD. The method was linear, accurate, precise, selective, and reproducible from 20 to 2000 pg/mL for LSD and iso-LSD, and from 50 to 2000 pg/mL for nor-LSD and O-H-LSD with an r2 ¡Ã 0.99. <p>The refrigerated and frozen long term stability was investigated for 90 days. LSD was stable at all temperatures for 90 days. Iso-LSD in blood was also stable at all temperatures for 90 days, but iso-LSD in urine showed an initial decrease followed by a gradual increase back to day 0 concentrations. Nor-LSD was stable at all temperatures up to day 14, with >43% decrease by day 30, with no additional decrease for the next 60 days. O-H-LSD in urine was stable at all temperatures for 90 days, but by day 90 O-H-LSD in whole blood stored refrigerated decreased in concentration by >37%. Additionally, a case sample that was stored at -50¡ÆC for ten years was found to still contain measurable amounts of each compound. <p>The method was applied to blind samples and a case that screened positive with immunoassay. Retention time, relative retention time, and ion ratios were used as identification parameters and found to correctly identify the analytes 100% of the time with no false positives. The case sample showed that the concentration of O-H-LSD was 4 times greater than LSD in urine. Furthermore, both the detection of O-H-LSD in a blood case sample, and LSD in a vitreous humor case sample were the first to be documented.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Forensic Laboratory Services (FLS) needed a method to confirm positive lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) immunoassay screening results. As a result, an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC¢â/MS/MS) method was validated for the confirmation and quantitation of LSD, iso-LSD, N-demethyl-LSD (nor-LSD), and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD). The method was validated in urine and whole blood, where linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, stability, selectivity, recovery, matrix effects, and reproducibility were evaluated. <p>The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of the analytes and the deuterated internal standard from 1 mL of urine or whole blood with dichloromethane:isopropyl alcohol after being basified. The average recovery for all analytes was ¡Ã 62%, and the matrix effect was found to be insignificant. MS/MS analysis was conducted with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer by positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The lowest limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 20 pg/mL for LSD and iso-LSD, and 50 pg/mL for nor-LSD and O-H-LSD. The method was linear, accurate, precise, selective, and reproducible from 20 to 2000 pg/mL for LSD and iso-LSD, and from 50 to 2000 pg/mL for nor-LSD and O-H-LSD with an r2 ¡Ã 0.99. <p>The refrigerated and frozen long term stability was investigated for 90 days. LSD was stable at all temperatures for 90 days. Iso-LSD in blood was also stable at all temperatures for 90 days, but iso-LSD in urine showed an initial decrease followed by a gradual increase back to day 0 concentrations. Nor-LSD was stable at all temperatures up to day 14, with >43% decrease by day 30, with no additional decrease for the next 60 days. O-H-LSD in urine was stable at all temperatures for 90 days, but by day 90 O-H-LSD in whole blood stored refrigerated decreased in concentration by >37%. Additionally, a case sample that was stored at -50¡ÆC for ten years was found to still contain measurable amounts of each compound. <p>The method was applied to blind samples and a case that screened positive with immunoassay. Retention time, relative retention time, and ion ratios were used as identification parameters and found to correctly identify the analytes 100% of the time with no false positives. The case sample showed that the concentration of O-H-LSD was 4 times greater than LSD in urine. Furthermore, both the detection of O-H-LSD in a blood case sample, and LSD in a vitreous humor case sample were the first to be documented.

PAULA, Anderson Corrêa. Constituintes Químicos e Atividades Biológicas de Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus. 2014. 96 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014. / Submitted by Celia Sena (celiasena@dqoi.ufc.br) on 2017-10-27T14:17:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_acpaula.pdf.pdf: 4174054 bytes, checksum: 80ef5fee591138a7adf55fa4923ccd60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-11-01T18:49:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_acpaula.pdf.pdf: 4174054 bytes, checksum: 80ef5fee591138a7adf55fa4923ccd60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-01T18:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_acpaula.pdf.pdf: 4174054 bytes, checksum: 80ef5fee591138a7adf55fa4923ccd60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as favela, is usually a common thorny plant in the savanna. It is used as food for animals and can cause poisoning after eating the fresh plant. This paper describes the phytochemical study species belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, seeking the isolation and structural elucidation of organic compounds. Chemical studies conducted with the hexane and ethanolic extract from the stem bark of the species allowed the isolation and characterization of four components: the misture of steroid sitosterol and stigmasterol, the triterpene Lupeol, ester triterpene lupeol nonanoate, a mixture of triterpenes which were identified as lupeol cinnamate with lupeol dihydrocinamate and two benzocycloheptene tricyclic compounds, the bis-nor-diterpenes deoxofaveline and methyl-éterfaveline. The structural assignment of the compounds was performed by spectroscopic techniques such as infrared (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon -13 (13C- NMR) techniques including two dimensional (COSY, HSQC and HMBC and comparison with data reported in the literature. It also analyzes the compositions of fixed oil from the stem bark. Extracts and fractions were tested for scavening radical using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picril-hydrazil) method and showed weak or no activity. The compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against the cell lines HL60 (humab pro-myelocytic leukemia), NCI-H292 (human lung carcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma). Dexofaveline compound was the most active among all, with IC50 values ranging from 2.7 to 8.9 g/mL. / Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Euphorbiaceae), popularmente conhecida como “favela”, é uma planta encontrada na caatinga. É utilizada como alimentos para animais, entretanto pode causar intoxicação após a ingestão da planta fresca. Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico da espécie Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus, visando o isolamento e identificação de substâncias com atividade citotóxica e antioxidante. O estudo fitoquímico realizado com o extrato hexânico e etanólico da casca do caule da espécie levou ao isolamento e a caracterização de quatro constituintes e duas misturas: A mistura de esteroides sitosterol e estigmasterol, o triterpeno lupeol, o éster de triterpeno nonanoato de lupeol, uma mistura de triterpenos, identificadas como cinamato de lupeol com diidrocinamato de lupeol, além de dois compostos tricíclico benzociclo-hepteno, os bis-nor-diterpenos deoxofavelina e favelina metil éter. A determinação estrutural das substâncias isoladas foi realizada através de técnicas espectroscópicas como: infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas (EM) e ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN 1H) e de carbono-13 (RMN 13C), incluindo as técnicas bidimensionais (COSY, HSQC e HMBC) e comparação com dados registrados na literatura. Analisou-se ainda o óleo fixo da casca do caule e sua atividade antioxidante, usando o método do sequestro de radicais, que foi realizada com os extratos e frações observando-se pequena ou nenhuma atividade. Os compostos foram testados ainda quanto à sua atividade citotóxica sobre as linhagens celulares HL60 (leucemia promielocítica humana), NCI-H292 (carcinoma de pulmão humano) e MCF-7 (adenocarcinoma de mama humano). Deoxofavelina foi o composto mais ativo entre todos os compostos testados, com valores de CI50 variando de 2,7 a 8,9 μg/mL.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-08-02T12:22:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Josinete Angela da Paz.pdf: 3629787 bytes, checksum: dcb726d1e947c299c9912abf9504dab4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-02T12:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josinete Angela da Paz.pdf: 3629787 bytes, checksum: dcb726d1e947c299c9912abf9504dab4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The synthesis of some sampangine analogs was accomplished by using suitable natural and synthetic quinones, namely lapachol and nor-lapachol. These readily available compunds were functionalized by a sequence of O-methylation using dimethylsulfate in basic media, and chemoselective nucleophylic displacement with 2-aminoethanol and 3-aminopropanol. Further transformation of hydroxyl group in azide by a sequence involving tosylation results in the key intermediates. These 2-amino-ω-azido compunds were submitted to catalytic hydrogenation over palladium on charcoal yielding the corresponding quinoxaline and 1,4-diazepine nucleus. Some of these compounds were sequentially cyclized with the aid of DDQ to yield the corresponding tetracyclic analogs of sampagine alkaloids. All compounds were characterized by usual methods including proton and carbon-13 NMR, infrared. / Partindo-se de quinonas naturais e sintéticas facilmente disponíveis em nosso laboratório foi sintetizada uma série de 2-amino-quinonas intermediárias e derivados cíclicos nitrogenados, sendo alguns inéditos na literatura. Assim, a partir das 2-hidroxi-quinonas, lapachol e nor-lapachol obteve-se os correspondentes derivados 2-metoxilados via alquilação com sulfato de dimetila em meio básico. A seguir reagiram quimiosseletivamente com 2-etanolamina e 3-propanolamina, formando os amino-álcoois correspondentes. Através da sequência de tosilação seguida de substituição nucleofílica com azida de sódio, obteveram-se os azido compostos correspondentes, os quais são os intermediários-chave na síntese de análogos cíclicos do alcalóide natural quinonóide sampangina. Os azidos compostos, deram origem a novas quinoxalinas e diazepinas, quando submetidos a hidrogenação catalítica usando-se paládio sobre carvão que oxidadas com DDQ permitiram a ciclização da cadeia lateral prenílica originando um novo composto tetracíclico análogo da sampangina. Os rendimentos globais obtidos variaram de 58 a 91%. Os compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de RMN 1H, RMN 13C, IV.

Silver nitrate staining, a rapid and efficient method, has proven to be excellent for nucleolar organizing region (NOR) studies in fish. Some fish appear to have only two NOR-bearing chromosomes in their karyo-type, whereas others probably have several. In the present study we analyzed the NORs of Leporinus friderici, a species that, on the basis of previous studies, has been considered as representative of species with NORs carried by a single chromosome pair. The analyses were performed by a combination of three methods, i.e. silver nitrate staining, staining with the GC-specific fluorochrome chromomycin A3, and in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled probes. The results showed that, although more frequent and conspicuous in a single chromosome pair, the NORs of this species are present in multiple chromosomes. Intra- and inter-individual variations observed by the three methods strongly suggest the occurrence of post-zygotic modifications involving NORs. NOR identification in fish, almost exclusively performed by the silver nitrate method, is currently being re-evaluated by methods such as chromomycin A3 staining and in situ hybridization, which may provide important information leading to a better understanding of chromosome evolution in these animals.

Cytogenetic analysis using C-banding, silver staining and fluorescent staining was carried out on a population sample of Poecilia Iatipinna derived from Tampico, Mexico, to verify the presence of sex chromosomes in individuals from the southern areas of this species range and to investigate the extent of C-band and Ag-NOR polymorphisms. Females were found to have W heteromorphic chromosomes, with large amounts of heterochromatin-rich in AT nucleotide sequences. C-banding corresponded to the pattern proposed as typical for the genus. Specimens share one of the Ag- NOR locations previously described in populations from the U.S.A. and show additional ones as well.

This study was done with the objective of evaluating the agronomic performance of five varieties of forage grasses introduced to the community of Carmen Pampa in the province of Nor Yungas, La Paz from 2005-2006. The average temperature during the study was 11.93ºC and the average precipitation was 801.75 mm. The trial was done with a design of randomized blocks having five species and six repetitions. The species studied were: Panicum virgatum, Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon gerardii, Tripsacum dactyloides, and Eragrostis curvula. Variables evaluated were: plant height (cm), coverage (%), number of plants, bunches of florets, and dry matter yield (kg/ha). The forage species that grew highest were Eragrostis curvula (55.5 cm) and Panicum virgatum (44.96 cm). Those same species also showed the best performance in regard to coverage with 88% and 33.4%, respectively. Eragrostis curvula had the largest number of plants with an average of 72.5 plants per m2. With regard to bunches of florets, Eragrostis curvula had the most with 31.33 bunches. As for dry matter yield, Eragrostis curvula had the best performance with 5298.5 kg/ha.

Comme le nucléole joue un rôle fondamental dans l’expression des protéines, via la synthèse des ARN ribosomiques, il n’est donc pas surprenant que des études aient révélé un lien étroit, entre des dysfonctionnements nucléolaires et l’origine de certaines maladies humaines. La découverte, il y a plusieurs années, d’un taux anormalement élevé de protéines nucléolaires dites argyrophiles ou AgNORs, dans les cellules tumorales, a permis d’envisager leur utilisation comme outil diagnostique ou pronostique du cancer. Détectées, de manière in vitro grâce à leur affinité pour l’argent, l’identification de quelques protéines AgNORs n’a pourtant pas permis d’établir une caractéristique commune à toutes les protéines argyrophiles détectées dans les extraits nucléolaires. Ainsi, bien que le test colorimétrique AgNOR soit utilisé dans de nombreux laboratoires académiques, l’absence d’identification de protéines AgNORs spécifiques du processus de cancérisation, a limité son utilisation en laboratoire clinique. Comme certaines limites technologiques et expérimentales ont limité leur caractérisation chez l’humain, nous avons donc décidé de reprendre les recherches sur ce sujet et de le réactualiser grâce aux avancées technologiques et scientifiques. Les protéines AgNORs étant étroitement liées à la biogenèse des ribosomes, nous avons donc décidé d’amorcer nos recherches chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dans laquelle, la voie de biosynthèse des ribosomes a été particulièrement bien décrite. Devant l’intérêt biologique et médical de ces protéines, l’objectif de ce projet a donc été triple :<p>1-identifier des protéines AgNORs chez la levure<p>2-caractériser les propriétés physico-fonctionnelles et physico-chimiques de ces protéines AgNORs.<p>3-utiliser ces caractéristiques physico-chimiques pour rechercher de nouvelles AgNORs humaines, spécifiques de processus de cancérisation et potentiellement utilisables comme marqueurs tumoraux./The nucleolus is a subnuclear compartment that organized around ribosomal gene (rDNA) repeats NORs, which encode for ribosomal RNA. A peculiar group of acidic proteins which are highly argyrophilic are also localized at the same sites as NORs, thus allowing NORs to be very clearly and rapidly visualized by silver nitrate staining procedures. However, if three human argyrophilic proteins, UBF, C23 (nucleolin) and B23 (nucleophosmin), have been associated for staining of NOR, the exact number of AgNOR proteins and their intrinsic biochemical feature are unclear. Here, we have performed an heterologous screen in a genetically tractable eukaryotic organism (budding yeast) for the identification of novel AgNOR proteins and in vitro characterized an intrinsic feature that underlies silver binding and offers a strong predictive value for the identification of novel human AgNOR proteins. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In this work were synthesized ketamine isotopomers. Ketamine is used in human medicine and veterinary sectors. It has very broad spectrum of pharmacological effects: anesthetic, analgesic, hallucinogenic, bronchodilator, cardiovascular and antidepressive, which is currently in the research. At first was synthesized precursor of ketamine, N- desmethylketamine which was subsequently labeled the deuterium, tritium and carbon- 14. For the determination of purity and identity mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used. KEY WORDS synthesis of ketamine, ketamine, N-desmethylketamine, nor-ketamine, isotopically labeled ketamine, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14.