During the early 1990´s, the Swedish commercial air traffic was de-regulated and the new market-condition made it possible for low-budget airlines to enter the Swedish market. The former monopolistic airline company, Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS), was facing a new type of competition which had the advantage of offering much cheaper air trips than SAS. Adding the decrease of profitability that struck SAS as well as other airline companies after the terrorist attacks on the 11th of September, forced them to carry out a mayor reorganization programme. The programme, called “Turn Around 2005”, was a direct economical measure that begun in 2002 and lasted until 2005 and resulted in a cost saving of 14,5 billion SEK as well as a notice or a transfer of 6000 employees. The purpose of this essay is to investigate if the opinion of the consumer, the image, corresponds with the profile that SAS wishes to mediate today. Our intentions are also to see if the changes during the reorganization have reached the consumers. This essay is a case study based on both a quantitative and a qualitative method. The quantitative study included questionnaires handed out to 143 persons and a former costumer satisfaction study made by “Svenskt Kvalitetsindex”. The qualitative study included deep interviews with employees on SAS. The results of the questionnaires, interviews and theories about image, profile, identity and GAP-analysis, clearly shows that SAS’s profile of being a low- cost airline and being the most price worthy alternative doesn’t correspond with the opinion of the consumers. The result also shows that the consumers have not detected any of the changes, apart from the price reduction, that was made during the reorganization. However SAS have succeeded to be known by the business-passengers as a bit better regarding the ground services and departures, and that part of their image are therefore close to their profile. Our conclusion states that there is an indistinctness regarding SAS profile since the costumers cannot decide if SAS is a low-cost or a traditional airline company.

This dissertation uses the Icelandic-Canadian community to discuss alternate media and the production of “ethnoscapes,” or landscapes of ethnic identity, on the prairies from 1875 to the present. Drawing from larger historiographies of food, gender, material culture, oral history, and commemoration, it offers an investigation into power, acculturation, and representation using often-marginalized terrains of Canadian ethnic expression. Each of the project’s five chapters examines the cultural history of the community through a different medium. The first chapter uses clothing, one of the most intimate and immediate ways that migrants experienced transition in North America, to explore the impact of poverty, marginalization, disease, climate, and eventual access to Anglo commercial goods on migrant culture. Chapter two analyses the role of food and drink, specifically coffee, alcohol, and vínarterta (a festive layered torte) in everyday life and the development of migrant identity. The third chapter analyses the growth of conservatism and depictions of women in the Icelandic-Canadian community in the twentieth century, with a focus on the decline of radical Icelandic language publications and the rise of ethnic spectacles. Chapter four analyses the impact of centennial and multicultural heritage campaigns on Icelandic-Canadian life, popular narrative, and domestic space by tracing the emergence of the koffort (immigrant trunk) in intergenerational family commemorative practices. Chapter five continues the discussion of popular memory with an examination of the compelling hjátru (superstitious) narrative tradition in the community. It illustrates that Icelandic migrants imported and adapted this tradition to the North American context in a way that also reflected their understanding of colonial violence as an unresolved, disruptive, and damaging intergenerational inheritance. Providing an alternate view of the community beyond either cultural endurance or assimilation, this dissertation argues that the multiple material, visual, and oral conduits through which members have experienced life in the New World have been crucial to the construction of Icelandic-Canadian identity. It is through these terrains that community members have continually engaged with public expectations and demands for both ethnic performance and suppression. The fluidity of these forms and forums and their facilitation of members’ engagement with, adaptations to, and contestation of images of ethnicity and history have enabled the continual construction of Icelandic identities in North America 135 years after departure.

This dissertation uses the Icelandic-Canadian community to discuss alternate media and the production of “ethnoscapes,” or landscapes of ethnic identity, on the prairies from 1875 to the present. Drawing from larger historiographies of food, gender, material culture, oral history, and commemoration, it offers an investigation into power, acculturation, and representation using often-marginalized terrains of Canadian ethnic expression. Each of the project’s five chapters examines the cultural history of the community through a different medium. The first chapter uses clothing, one of the most intimate and immediate ways that migrants experienced transition in North America, to explore the impact of poverty, marginalization, disease, climate, and eventual access to Anglo commercial goods on migrant culture. Chapter two analyses the role of food and drink, specifically coffee, alcohol, and vínarterta (a festive layered torte) in everyday life and the development of migrant identity. The third chapter analyses the growth of conservatism and depictions of women in the Icelandic-Canadian community in the twentieth century, with a focus on the decline of radical Icelandic language publications and the rise of ethnic spectacles. Chapter four analyses the impact of centennial and multicultural heritage campaigns on Icelandic-Canadian life, popular narrative, and domestic space by tracing the emergence of the koffort (immigrant trunk) in intergenerational family commemorative practices. Chapter five continues the discussion of popular memory with an examination of the compelling hjátru (superstitious) narrative tradition in the community. It illustrates that Icelandic migrants imported and adapted this tradition to the North American context in a way that also reflected their understanding of colonial violence as an unresolved, disruptive, and damaging intergenerational inheritance. Providing an alternate view of the community beyond either cultural endurance or assimilation, this dissertation argues that the multiple material, visual, and oral conduits through which members have experienced life in the New World have been crucial to the construction of Icelandic-Canadian identity. It is through these terrains that community members have continually engaged with public expectations and demands for both ethnic performance and suppression. The fluidity of these forms and forums and their facilitation of members’ engagement with, adaptations to, and contestation of images of ethnicity and history have enabled the continual construction of Icelandic identities in North America 135 years after departure.

Sammanfattning Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och analysera hur nyckelaktörer arbetar med att göra Stockholms skärgård till en exportmogen turistdestination. För att uppnå detta syfte har vi utgått från forskningsfrågan: ·     Hur arbetar Stockholm skärgårds nyckelaktörer med destinationsutveckling och destinationsmarknadsföring för att attrahera fler internationella besökare?                                                                                                                         Sverige som turistdestination har ökat markant i attraktionsvärde under de senaste åren, och därför måste Sverige kunna leverera mer exportmogna destinationer, så vi kan möta de utländska besökarnas behov och krav. Stockholms skärgård består av nära 30 000 öar och etablerades som ett turistparadis redan i början av 1900-talet i Sverige. Än idag ses skärgården som en landsbygdsidyll och rekreationslandskap för många svenska fritidshusägare och turister. Stockholms skärgårdsområde är ett glesbygdsområde och skärgårdsborna menar att skärgårdens näringsliv måste främjas för att de ska kunna bo kvar och upprätthålla en ”levande skärgård”. En betydelsefull del i Stockholms skärgårds utveckling är besöksnäringen, då allt fler företag och kommuner inser skärgårdens möjligheter och attraktionsvärde som skärgården har ur ett besöksperspektiv. Stockholms skärgårdsområde är unikt i sitt slag och till synes en etablerad turistdestination i Sverige, men är det möjligt att även etablera destinationen på en internationell marknad? I syfte att utveckla skärgårdsturismen och göra fler internationella besökare uppmärksamma på den skandinaviska skärgården som resmål skapades EU-projektet; Scandinavian Islands. Projektets huvudsyfte är att marknadsföra skärgårdsområdet mellan Sverige, Åland och Finland på de tre viktiga målmarknaderna Tyskland, Nederländerna och Storbritannien, under det gemensamma varumärket Scandinavian Islands. EU-projektet har dock fått ett svalt mottagande från några av skärgårdens nyckelaktörer, då de anser att destinationen inte är exportmogen. De som är kritiska till projektet menar att Stockholms skärgård istället bör satsa på nationell utveckling och regional samverkan innan de brådskar ut på en internationell marknad. De som är positivt inställda till projektet menar däremot att Stockholms skärgård kan utvecklas genom en internationell satsning, då satsningen kan intressera viktiga samarbetspartners och finansiärer. / Abstract The objective of this thesis is to examine and analyse how key actors in the Stockholm archipelago area seek to develop a destination mature enough for an international launch. To fulfill our objectives we focused on the following research question:  ·     How do the key actors work with destination development and destination marketing in the Stockholm archipelago area to attract more international visitors?                                                                                                                         Stockholm archipelago consists of nearly 30 000 islands and established as a Swedish tourist paradise in the early 1900s. Still today is the archipelago regarded as a rural idyll and recreational landscape for many owners of country houses and tourists in Sweden. The Stockholm archipelago area is a sparsely populated area and the local inhabitants find that they need support with the promotion of the islands to maintain and expand the economy. The hospitality industry is an important part of the Stockholm archipelago's development, as an increasing number of companies and municipalities realize the opportunities and attraction value of the archipelago from a visitor’s perspective. Stockholm archipelago area is unique in its kind, and an established tourist destination in Sweden, but is it possible to establish the destination on an international market? In order to develop tourism in the archipelago area and to attract the attention of international visitors, the European project Scandinavian Islands was launched. The main objective of the project is to promote the archipelago areas in Sweden, Åland and Finland on three different key markets; Great Britain, Germany and the Netherlands. Although, certain key actors in the Stockholm archipelago area disagree on that the destination is ready for an international launch. They argue that efforts should be directed towards domestic development and regional cooperation instead of an international launch at this stage. Despite the mentioned criticism, the majority of the key actors believe that the archipelago area would benefit from an international launch, attracting important partners and financiers

In this paper I discuss the theory of altered states of consciousness. Some of the rock art of the san-people in southern Africa and the lakota people in South Dakota, USA have been inspired by experiences during trance. The question is if some of the rock art in southern Scandinavia also have been inspired by trance experiences, and if archaeological scientists by investigating this theoretical view might find a better understanding as far as the Bronze Age in Southern Scandinavia is concerned.

No description available.

The aim of the paper is to investigate to what extent political parties in the Scandinavian parliaments express opinions on labor immigration in line with the policy preferences predicted by the Stolper-Samuleson theorem. A hypothesis derived from the theorem suggests that left wing parties traditionally connected to labor interests should favor restrictions on labor immigration to a greater extent than right wing parties traditionally connected to businesses and market interests. To establish any such trend, parties are placed on a left-right axis according to their given Rile scores. The findings indicate that there is some evidence for a left-right divide regarding parties' assumed factor interests labor and capital, but the basis for these findings are limited and inferences should be made with care.

<p>Scandinavia comprises Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Twenty years ago, the concept of Scandinavian management was created (Grennes, 2003). Earlier research is referring to culture as the reason for different management styles around the world. It is also found that human resources are highly valued in Scandinavian manage-ment (Eriksen et al., 2006). This study aims at understanding what Scandinavian management is and see if this matches with the style of management actually practised in Sweden.</p><p>The purpose of the thesis is to, through empirical examples, study what Scandinavian management is and if it is practised on the Swed-ish market. Included in the purpose is also to investigate how Scan-dinavian management is addressed in prior research.</p><p>This study uses a qualitative method. Two earlier done case studies about Manpower and IKEA are used. Using a qualitative method, we have conducted five interviews to get accurate data to help us answer our purpose. Two of the interviews were conducted with representatives from both Manpower and IKEA. One interview was done with Schramm-Nielsen who is an expert in the field of Scandi-navian management. The last interviews were carried out with two persons with a wide range of experience in the field of management in Sweden.</p><p>The study concludes that the main focus of Scandinavian manage-ment lies within human resources. Equality, communication, coop-eration, trust and consensual decision making are vital elements in the concept of Scandinavian management. Managers in Sweden are focused on their employees and feel that they need to satisfy them in order to motivate them. This motivation has proven to lead to better productivity and performance of the organization. Swedish managers are indeed focused on human resources and are practising Scandinavian management. Scandinavian management is necessary on the Swedish market as it increases the chances for having a pro-ductive company with satisfied employees and customers.</p>

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<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study is to describe similarities and differences in the inscriptions of runestones in</p><p>today's county of Kronoberg, the former county of Värend and, in addition, a part of the former</p><p>county of Sunnerbo. The study is based on 27 remaining runestones which are analysed through</p><p>choice of words and runes, orthography and decorations.</p><p>The section of choice of words and runes are categorised and based on the choice of choosing</p><p>one particular word over another and of choosing one particular rune over another. Orthography is</p><p>based on the spelling of five particular words; efter, sten, reste, hjälpe and och. Monophtongisation</p><p>is discussed and analysed. The section of decorations has two subsections; 1) crucifixes and</p><p>”suns”, and 2) other forms of decoration.</p><p>The study showed that the runestones had some significant numbers of similarities and</p><p>differences. The study also showed that the option of choosing one word, or rune, over another was</p><p>probably a conscious choice made by the runic inscriber himself. The spelling of the five words</p><p>revealed a limited number of spelling choices, and that monophtongisation had occurred in some</p><p>words. The majority of the runestones had some form of decoration, usually a crucifix, which were</p><p>categorised. However, attribution could only be made in a few cases, due to the limited amount of</p><p>criteria used.</p><p>Keywords: crucifixes, decorations, Kronoberg, monophtongisation, runes, runestones, Sunnerbo,</p><p>Värend</p>